What is the meaning of "high and distant, deep and distant, flat and distant" in Chinese painting?

Far-reaching means "from the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain", reflecting a lofty and magnificent mountain that can be seen by looking up. The lofty method expresses the sublime, letting the worshipper see a kind of lofty feeling, is the indispensable embodiment of the beauty of the sublime technique.

Deep and far, that is, "from the front of the mountain and peeping behind the mountain", the deep and far method can best express the deep and distant realm, it is seen as the gradual release of overlapping objects, this form is very expressive of the beauty of the subtle.

Pingyuan, that is, "looking at the distant mountains from the near mountains", reflects a kind of overlooking realm, and shapes the kind of artistic effect of "the mountains are far away with the flat view". From the perspective of top-down composition, it is the easiest way to express the realm of calm and harmony, and to show the beauty.

Expanded Information

The Origin of the Name of the Three Distant Methods

The Northern Song painter Guo Xi proposed this idea in his famous treatise on landscape painting, Linquan Gaozhi. proposed by Guo Xi in his famous treatise on landscape painting, Linquan Gaozhi. In Linquan Gaozhi, Guo Xi of the Song Dynasty defined the Three Distant Method as follows: "There are three distances in a mountain: from the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain is called high and distant; from the front of the mountain to the back of the mountain is called deep and distant; from the near mountain to the distant mountain is called flat and distant."

The three-far method is a spatial and temporal view, depicting the scenery in the painting from different viewpoints, such as upward, downward, and flat, to break the general view of painting, which is to focus on the perspective and observe the limitations of the scene.

Linquan Gaozhi is an article summarizing Guo Yi's experience in creating landscape paintings, which was compiled by his son Guo Si. The book is divided into six sections, namely, preface, landscape training, painting meaning, painting tips, painting pattern picking up, and painting titles. The original book has the preface of Xu Guangning of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is unknown today.

The six sections of the book, "Preface" and "Gleanings from Painting", were written by Guo Si, while the remaining four sections were written by Guo Yi, and were written during Guo Xi's lifetime, and organized by Guo Si's records. According to the preface, when Guo Si was a boy, he used to follow his father's travels to the springs and rocks, and Guo Xi said, "Every time I put down a brush, I must say, 'There is a method for painting landscapes, so I can't do it in a haphazard manner. Si heard a said, immediately notes, now packaged compilation, almost dozens of hundreds of articles, do not dare to lose, with a good."

Baidu Encyclopedia-San Yuanfa