Basic knowledge of oral cavity: guide to prevention and treatment of oral cancer

As the name implies, oral cancer refers to a malignant tumor that occurs in the oral cavity. In clinical practice, oral cancer includes lip cancer, gingival cancer, tongue cancer, soft and hard palate cancer, jaw cancer, basal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer's disease. Salivary gland adenocarcinoma and maxillary sinus carcinoma, as well as cancers occurring in facial skin and mucosa. The most common is tongue cancer.

(2) Who is prone to oral cancer? ?

As we all know, the external carcinogenic factors of cancer include physical, chemical and biological factors, which interact with internal factors such as immunity, heredity and metabolism to turn normal cells into malignant cells and cause cancer. At present, most people think that the occurrence of cancer is the result of multi-factor, multi-stage and multi-gene action. It must be pointed out that the occurrence of cancer does not necessarily have carcinogenic factors. This paper mainly introduces the living habits, hobbies, environment and other external factors related to cancer. ?

1 alcohol and tobacco?

The main carcinogen in tobacco is benzopyrene, which is almost certain to cause cancer, especially oral cancer and lung cancer. It is generally believed that long-term smokers are much more likely to develop cancer than non-smokers; Smokers are more likely to get lung cancer, while those who smoke pipes, cigars or chew tobacco mainly cause oral cancer. Alcohol can increase the risk of oral cancer, because it is toxic to normal cells, harmful to the liver, and has an inhibitory effect on immunity, and its incidence can increase with the increase of alcohol consumption. ? More significantly, people who are addicted to alcohol and tobacco at the same time have a higher risk of oral cancer, which is 2 ~ 3 times higher than those who are addicted to alcohol and tobacco alone. It is generally believed that people who smoke more than 1 pack/day or drink more than 25 grams/day are much more likely to develop oral cancer or other cancers than non-smokers or drinkers. ?

2 Diffuse irritation and injury?

If there are sharp teeth, roots, crowns, ridges and bad restorations in the oral cavity, after long-term chronic stimulation, the corresponding parts may become cancerous, especially tongue cancer and buccal cancer. Statistics show that 1/5 patients with oral cancer have sharp stimulating factors at the cancerous site. In addition, long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation of people with poor oral hygiene may also become a cancer-promoting factor. ?

Ultraviolet and ionizing radiation?

The other four people?

Such as microorganisms a 1 and b2, and the lack of trace elements zinc and arsenic will increase the sensitivity of the body to carcinogens.

In addition, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, viral infection and other diseases that lead to low immunity are also related to the occurrence of oral cancer.

(3) What are the precancerous diseases of oral cancer? ?

Precancerous disease refers to an independent disease that can become cancerous under the action of certain factors. Precancerous diseases related to oral cancer mainly include the following:

1 leukoplakia oral mucosa leukoplakia is a recognized precancerous lesion, which can be manifested as flat white lesions, wrinkled paper, granules or even ulceration. Occurred in buccal mucosa and labial mucosa. The canceration rate of oral leukoplakia can exceed 5%.

Erythema Oral mucosal erythema is considered to be a disease with a higher canceration rate than leukoplakia in recent years. Although the incidence of erythema is much lower than that of leukoplakia, its risk can not be ignored, and the canceration rate is as high as 90%. Tongue, floor of mouth and pharynx are considered as high-risk areas for erythema. ?

Lichen planus is a common oral mucosal disease, and its canceration rate is about 65438 0%. Erosion type, atrophy type and plaque type are more prone to malignant transformation, and buccal mucosa is the most common part. ?

4 Oral submucosal fibrous lesions Oral submucosal fibrous lesions are considered to be related to betel nut chewing, of which 1/3 can eventually develop into cancer. The main manifestations are burning pain, dry mouth and atrophy of oral mucosa. Common in bilateral buccal mucosa and lips and tongue.

(5) What are the manifestations of early oral cancer? ?

1 Oral and maxillofacial region has symptoms such as new organisms, granular surface, vegetable-like or early ulceration pain. ?

Unexplained pain and numbness in the tongue and cheeks. ?

3 teeth have unexplained pain, rapid loosening and falling off, etc. ?

4. Oral or facial ulcers have not healed for two weeks. ? 5. Unexplained white or red plaque and infiltration appeared in oral mucosa.

(6) How to prevent oral cancer? ?

1 actively participate in oral cancer prevention propaganda, learn oral cancer prevention knowledge, and understand the harm of oral cancer. ?

2 Ensure nutrition and maintain oral hygiene. Pay attention to balanced nutrition, try to quit smoking and drinking, treat residual roots and crowns in time, and remove bad stimulation. ?

3. Actively respond to and treat precancerous diseases. ?

Don't be afraid of doctors, seek medical treatment as soon as possible when you find lesions, strive to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of cancer, and insist on regular examination.

(7) What should I do if I find oral cancer? ? There is no doubt that anyone who finds or suspects oral cancer should seek medical treatment as soon as possible. If you can't diagnose it, you should go to a higher hospital for treatment in time. Major hospitals have oral oncology specialties. At present, the five-year survival rate of early oral cancer has exceeded 60%.