Under what background did modern western philosophy develop?

During the Renaissance, the struggle between materialism and idealism ran through the development forms of rationalism and empiricism, that is to say, when philosophy developed to this period, epistemology took two typical forms: rationalism and empiricism. This is because, on the one hand, "everything must defend its existence or give up its right to exist before a rational court"; On the one hand, it is because "all science is based on experience and uses rational research methods to sort out the materials provided by the senses" (see Selected Works of Marx and Engels, vol. 22, pp. 404 and 382). Therefore, both British empiricism and western European rationalism have the characteristics of anti-feudalism and advocating science. Modern western philosophy developed under this background.