An article on the core dry goods content of automatic three-dimensional library design

Design of automatic three-dimensional warehouse

(A) Design preparation

(2) The overall planning of automated warehouse?

(3) Automatic warehouse calculation

(A) Design preparation

? -Systematic investigation and demand analysis

1. Stereo warehouse is a subsystem of enterprise logistics system. It is necessary to know the requirements of the whole enterprise logistics system for subsystems and the layout of the overall design of the logistics system, so as to carry out the overall design of the warehouse subsystem. It is necessary to investigate the types, quantities and laws of goods entering and leaving the warehouse or freight yard in the past, so as to predict the future and calculate and analyze the warehouse capacity.

2. The three-dimensional warehouse is a multi-disciplinary project such as machinery, structure, electricity and civil engineering, which intersect and restrict each other in the overall design of the three-dimensional warehouse. Therefore, all disciplines must be considered in the design. For example, the movement accuracy of machinery should be selected according to the accuracy of structural production and the settlement accuracy of civil engineering.

3. Understand the enterprise's investment and staffing plans for the warehousing system, so as to determine the scale, mechanization and automation of the warehousing system.

4. Investigate the name and characteristics (such as fragility, fear of light, fear of moisture, etc.). ), shape and size, single weight, average inventory, maximum inventory, daily import and export quantity, import and export frequency, etc.

5. Understand the site conditions for building the library, including meteorological, topographic, geological conditions, foundation bearing capacity, snow load, earthquake conditions and other environmental impacts.

6. Investigate and understand other information related to the warehousing system. For example, the source of the stored goods, the traffic situation connecting the warehouse, the number of entry and exit doors, the form of packaging, the way of handling, the destination of the stored goods, the mode of transportation, etc.

(2) the overall planning of automated warehouse

1 Selection and planning of storage yard?

2 warehouse form and operation mode?

3. What is the form and size design of the cargo unit?

4 determine the overall size of inventory and warehouse?

5. Check the processing cycle and warehousing capacity?

6. The layout of the automated warehouse?

7 Control mode and management of automated warehouse

1 Selection and planning of storage yard

The selection and layout of warehouses and yards are of great significance to the infrastructure investment, logistics cost, production management, working conditions and environmental protection of warehousing systems, and should be given priority. Its main task is to determine the geometric position relationship of each part of the warehouse and draw the plane layout. ?

2 warehouse form and operation mode

Based on the investigation and analysis of the varieties of goods in storage, the warehouse form is determined:

Single variety or less variety unit commodity format warehouse?

Mass: Gravity Shelf Warehouse or Straight-through Warehouse?

Goods with special requirements: cold storage, moisture-proof and constant temperature warehouse?

Decide whether to adopt picking operation according to the requirements of outbound process: whole document outbound/sporadic goods outbound?

Use less single operation mode and try to use compound operation mode.

3. Form of cargo unit and design of cargo hold size

Three-dimensional warehouse is based on unit handling, and the determination of the form, size and weight of goods units not only affects the investment of the warehouse, but also has a great influence on the equipment, facilities and related factors of the whole logistics warehousing system. ? Lean hegemony lean learning artifact

Grasp the key links of all incoming goods circulation, list all possible forms and specifications of goods units according to the investigation and statistical results, and choose the most economical and reasonable scheme.

For a few heavy goods with special shapes and sizes, they can be handled separately.

The dimensions of cargo units are recommended by standards as far as possible, so as to match other material handling and transportation machines. ?

The size of the cargo hold depends on the size of the gap left around the cargo unit and the size of the shelf assembly. ?

4 determine the overall size of inventory and warehouse

Inventory: the quantity of goods stored in the warehouse at the same time. According to the historical quantity and the rules of entering and leaving warehouses and freight yards, the inventory is determined by forecasting technology. ?

The number of storage and handling machines used in the warehouse depends on the maximum warehousing frequency. ?

Warehouse height: it should not be designed too high, but should be 10 ~ 20m. There is no certain proportional relationship between length, width and height. If the inventory is n cargo units, the number of channels is a, and the height direction of shelves can be set by B layer, then each row of shelves should have D columns in the horizontal direction:

D=N/2AB

The total length l of the shelf can be determined according to the number d of columns in each row and the transverse size of the cargo hold. ?

Knowing the total length L of the shelves, the width and height of the warehouse, and considering the auxiliary facilities such as the turning of the office, control room and handling machinery according to the actual needs, we can determine the overall size of the warehouse. ?

While determining the overall size of the warehouse and the size of the shelf structure, we should also refer to the design standards of warehouses and storage machinery at home and abroad and follow them. ?

5. Inspection and calculation of loading and unloading cycle and storage capacity

Generally speaking, the handling cycle of three-dimensional warehouse mainly depends on the working cycle time of roadway stacking crane.

6 layout of automated warehouse

1) How to connect the high-rise shelf area with the work area?

(1) Forklift access mode?

(2) Automatic guided car-loading and unloading platform mode?

(3) Auto-guided trolley-conveyor mode?

(4) Forklift (or elevator)-continuous conveyor mode?

2) What is the form of goods units entering and leaving the high-rise shelves?

(1) Pass type?

(2) Same-end access?

(3) Bypass flow

Forklift access platform mode

Auto-guiding car in and out of platform mode

Automatic guided trolley conveyor mode

Forklift (or elevator)-continuous conveyor mode

Adaptability: high-frequency warehousing or planned delivery according to variety, quantity and time every day?

Stacker is a kind of gap operation machinery?

How many stackers need to be set up?

Forklifts and elevators are also clearance machines?

In order to solve the problem of coordinating work rhythm among stacker, forklift, elevator and continuous conveyor, continuous conveyor is usually equipped with stacking function.

(3) Automatic warehouse calculation

The main content is to calculate the area, throughput, staffing and mechanical equipment of the existing automated warehouse. ?

? ★ 1. Calculation of area and capacity of three-dimensional warehouse

Method 1:

Among them:

S-the total area required for the three-dimensional warehouse, in square meters (m2);

A—— Area utilization ratio of three-dimensional warehouse, that is, the ratio of stacking area to total area;

MQ-the storage capacity of goods in the three-dimensional warehouse, in tons;

Q—— the cargo storage capacity per unit area of the three-dimensional warehouse, in ton/m2.

E—— the maximum monthly cargo throughput of the three-dimensional warehouse, in tons (t);

K—— designed maximum warehousing percentage;

30-30 days per month;

T—— the average storage period (days) of goods in the three-dimensional warehouse, which is determined according to the statistical analysis of the average storage period of various goods over the years.

The calculation formula of q:

H—— stacking height of goods, determined according to the requirements of loading and unloading technology, in meters;

R—— storage capacity of goods per unit volume in the three-dimensional warehouse, ton/m3.

? Method 2:

Among them:

F 1—— Effective storage area for storing goods, square meters.

F2—— the area of storage inspection site, square meters, determined according to the types of goods, specific requirements and facilities for acceptance and delivery.

F3—— the area of the delivery place, in square meters.

F4—— the area of the passage (sidewalk, roadway), square meters, which is determined according to the layout of the warehouse and depends on the overall dimensions of the goods and means of transport.

? ★2. Calculation of three-dimensional warehouse capacity

Monthly throughput/? Average inventory cycle

B—— monthly imbalance coefficient of goods in three-dimensional warehouse, which is related to factors such as freight volume, supply, connection of means of transport, hydrometeorology, production management, etc. According to the statistical data of similar warehouses for not less than three consecutive years under normal circumstances. The greater the traffic volume, the smaller the imbalance coefficient. Lean hegemony lean learning applet

Monthly imbalance coefficient b= maximum monthly throughput/average monthly throughput.

? ★3. Operation cycle time of stacker

(1) Average single operation cycle time

Among them:

J-number of shelves, 1~m

K-number of shelves, 1~n

Tjk-one-way moving time, one-way moving time from the storage station to the K floor of J train, seconds.

Tf—— The time when the fork is at the warehousing station or cargo position, and the time when the goods move, in seconds.

Ti- downtime, control delay time seconds

(2) Average compound operation time

Among them:

Tt—— Average moving time between trays. Randomly determine the inbound and outbound pallets, and determine the appropriate inter-pallet moving time to obtain the average time in seconds (the time from the inbound pallet to the outbound pallet).

Ts—— the moving time between the inbound and outbound stations, and the moving time between stations with different inbound and outbound positions, in seconds.

? ★4. Benchmark storage capacity of the stacker

(1) benchmark warehousing/warehousing capacity of average single operation cycle

(2) The average cycle time of compound operation is the benchmark storage capacity.

? ★5. Calculation of the number of warehouse machinery and personnel

In general, the number of loading and unloading machinery in a three-dimensional warehouse should be calculated according to the following formula according to the logistics process under the same deployment principle:?

Among them:

N—— the number of loading and unloading machinery, in unit;

Ei—— the workload required for all kinds of machinery to complete the maximum monthly throughput of the warehouse, in ton;

D—— mechanical utilization rate, which is the percentage of mechanical workbench hours to calendar desk hours, with one shift system of 0.15-0.20; Take 0.30-0.35 for two shifts; Three shifts are 0.40-0.50. The motor takes a large value, and the internal combustion engine takes a small value;

K—— Number of types of mechanical equipment used for loading and unloading in the warehouse.

Ti——I the working capacity per unit time of Class I machinery and equipment, with the unit of ton/hour.

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