The origin of China-India border issue

The total length of China-India border is about 1700 km, which is customarily divided into three sections: the eastern section is about 650 km long, from the junction of China, India and Myanmar to the junction of China, India and Bhutan in Diwangri; The middle section, from the junction of China and Indonesia in Pulan County, Tibet to the 6795 highland in Zada County, is about 400 kilometers long; The western section is about 650 kilometers long, from the 6795 highland in Zada County to the Karakorum Pass in Xinjiang. The whole border has never been formally defined, but according to the historical administrative jurisdiction of both sides, a traditional customary border line has been formed, which runs along the southern foothills of the Himalayas in the east, along the Himalayas in the middle and along the Karakorum Mountains in the west.

Tibet and Xinjiang are inseparable parts of China. China and India have long-term exchanges and traditional friendship in history. In the past, the maps of China and India marked the boundaries according to the traditional custom line, and the people of both countries also followed this traditional custom line. It was only after the British ruled India that the British and Indian authorities took India as their base, directed their aggression and expansion at the southwest and northwest frontier areas of China, and gradually divided the Sino-Indian border. Taking advantage of the fact that the Sino-Indian border has never been formally demarcated, the British and Indian governments invaded and expanded China, Tibet and Xinjiang, sowing the seeds of disputes.

19 1 1 year, the Xinhai revolution occurred in China, and Tibet fell into chaos. British colonialists thought it was a great opportunity to invade and expand to the east of the Sino-Indian border, from the edge of Assam Plain to the Himalayas. Therefore, the British and Indian governments not only sent "crusade teams" to suppress tribal races in this area of China by force, lured them with money, and concluded so-called contracts, but also sent a large number of exploration expeditions, disguised as monks, businessmen and adventure travelers, to rush into the Sino-Indian border area in southeastern Tibet, and secretly carried out a large number of reconnaissance, mapping (stealing surveys) and other activities, making technical preparations for British and Indian Foreign Minister McMahon to draw the so-called India-Tibet border line that invaded China's vast territory.

19 14 In March, the British invaders used the Simla Conference and the Revolution of 1911 to plan a tripartite meeting between China, Britain and Tibet, which lasted from 19 13 to 1965438. British representative McMahon and his assistant Bell lured Shaza, a representative of Tibetan local government, to make secret deals in Delhi behind the representative of China central government. McMahon and others used the conditions of giving Tibet 5,000 guns, 500,000 bullets, supporting Tibet's "independence" and helping Tibet drive away the Han army as bait to coerce Xiazha into signing a secret exchange of letters to defraud China's territory of more than 90,000 square kilometers. 1965438+On March 24th, 2004, McMahon gave Shaza a secret exchange letter in Delhi. The attachment of the exchange of letters drew a map dividing the eastern boundary of the India-Tibet border with thick red lines for Shaza to sign and seal. In the exchange of letters, McMahon did not describe the map in words, nor did he explain the principles and conditions under which it was drawn. He just drew it on a map with a scale of 1 inch equal to 8 miles. When Shasha signed it, she was evasive and hesitant. Bell immediately changed his face and lost his temper. Shaza signed the "Wheat Line" under threats and inducements. Neville, a senior researcher at Oxford University? Maxwell once pointed out that the so-called "McMahon line" is a Tibetan delegation and the foreign secretary of the Indian government, Henry? The product of an unauthorized secret deal conducted by Sir McMahon in Delhi, McMahon persuaded Tibetans to agree to draw the boundary line by threatening and indulging (expressing his willingness to support Tibet against the central government of China)-moving the boundary line northward by about100km. In May, 1987, the British "South" monthly magazine, published in China Tibetology No.2, 1989. This rough red line drawn by McMahon starts from the Bhutan border in the west and extends eastward to Chayu, Tibet. Its scope includes the Nanmenjiao, Luo Yu and Xiachayu areas in Tibet, and more than 90,000 square kilometers of territory (rich in minerals, biology and water resources) that has long belonged to China has been assigned to British India. After demarcation, India's northeast border was pushed from the foot of the Himalayas to the ridge of the Himalayas. Successive governments in China have never recognized this illegal "McMahon Line". Later, the two promises made by Britain to Tibet failed to be fulfilled, so the local government in Tibet did not recognize the "wheat line." Britain knows the illegality of concocting this "wheat line", so the British government has kept it a secret for a long time and dared not make it public. However, the British invaders were guilty and greedy. After more than 20 years, they relapsed in 1938, engaged in the disgraceful activities of secret modeling, adopted the methods of forging evidence and stealing columns, republished the volume 14 of the Acheson Treaty Series of 1929, and tampered with the relevant information in this volume. In this way, an illegal document marked "wheat line" appeared in the fake copy of volume 14 of the Acheson Treaty Series published in 1938. After the fake version was published, the British and Indian governments ordered the massive destruction of the original version of 1929. At the same time, the British and Indian governments published "Map of Tibet Plateau and Surrounding Countries", which changed the traditional drawing method of customary boundary line advocated by China for the first time, and drew "McMahon Line" with "uncalibrated" symbols. In this way, the infamous "McMahon Line" was concocted. It can be seen that the "wheat line" is illegal and invalid, but it has since buried the bane of the dispute in the eastern section of the Sino-Indian border.