The ministry compiled version of the eighth grade language next book "should be the spirit of materialism and knowledge" lesson plan

Before the teaching staff to carry out teaching activities, it is difficult to avoid the preparation of the lesson plan, the lesson plan is the general organization of teaching activities and the program of action. How to make the lesson plan to focus on it? The following is my collection of the Ministry of the compiled version of the eighth grade language book "should be the spirit of materialism" lesson plan, only for reference, I hope to be able to help you.

I am very honored to accept the special award of honor for the essay "Love for China" given to me by the weekly magazine "Outlook". My father grew up with a traditional Chinese education, and my education is partly traditional and partly Western. I wrote the essay "Nostalgia" to honor my father's memory. Over the years, I have come into contact with many Chinese students at school, so I would like to take this opportunity to talk to you about how Chinese students studying natural sciences should understand them.

In traditional Chinese education, the most important books are the Four Books. "One of the four books, The Great Learning, says that the starting point of one's education is to "study things" and "realize knowledge". In other words, knowledge is gained from exploring objects. These two words could not be more appropriate to describe the development of modern scholarship. The basis of modern scholarship is the field of inquiry, what we now call experimentation.

But traditional Chinese education did not emphasize true materialism and knowledge. This may be because the purpose of traditional education was not to seek new knowledge, but to adapt to a fixed social system. The University itself states that the purpose of the study of material things and the pursuit of knowledge is to enable one to achieve the fields of sincerity, correctness of mind, cultivation of the body, unification of the family, and the governance of the country, and thus to pursue the Confucian ideal of the pacification of the whole world. Because of this, the real significance of the study of material things is buried.

We all know Wang Yangming, a great theorist of the Ming Dynasty, whose ideas can represent the traditional Confucian attitude towards experimentation. One day, Wang Yangming wanted to follow the instructions of the Great Learning and start with "grasping things". He decided that he would "study" the bamboos in his yard. So he moved a stool and sat in the courtyard, facing the bamboo and thinking hard for seven days, only to fail because of a headache. This gentleman is obviously to explore the outside world mistaken for exploring himself.

Wang Yangming's view was understandable in the social environment of his time. Because the traditional Confucian view is that there is an unchanging truth in the world, and the truth is realized by the "sages" from within. When the sages realized the truth, they passed it on to the general public. Therefore, the truths in the scriptures can be "spread to the four corners of the world and handed down to all generations". Experience tells us that this view cannot be applied to the present world.

I am a scientist, so let me first talk about the importance of experimentation in science.

The history of the development of science teaches us that new knowledge can only be obtained by field experiments, not by self-examination or philosophical talk.

The process of experimentation is not passive observation, but active, planned exploration. For example, if we want to know the nature of bamboo, we have to plant a bamboo tree to study the process of its growth, to cut off the leaves and take them to the microscope to observe them, and we can never get knowledge by just standing by and watching.

Experimentation is not measurement without choice; it requires careful and specific planning. Particularly important is to have an appropriate goal to guide the whole process of exploration. How this goal is chosen depends on the judgment and inspiration of the experimenter. A successful experiment requires vision, courage and perseverance.

From this we can understand why breakthroughs in basic knowledge are infrequent. We can also understand why academic progress has depended on the critical discoveries of only a very small number of people.

Today, Wang Yangming's ideas continue to dominate the minds of some Chinese readers. Because of this cultural background, most Chinese students favor theory over experimentation, and abstract thinking over hands-on work. Chinese students are often very good at their schoolwork, scoring nearly 100 points on their exams, but when faced with research work that requires ideas, they are often at a loss for words.

I have personal experience in this regard. I grew up with a traditional education. When I went to a US university to study physics, I first thought that if I worked very hard and followed my teacher's instructions, I would be able to get by without any problems, but that wasn't the case. As soon as I started to do research, I realized that I could not rely on the teachers alone, and that I needed to make my own decisions and ideas. At that time, I was unprepared and suffered a lot. The thing that made me the most frustrated was that the only way I could cope with everything was to study, which was not helpful for the actual needs.

I think that a true spirit of materialism and knowledge is indispensable not only in academic research, but also in coping with today's world environment. In today's general education, we need to cultivate the spirit of experimentation. That is to say, whether in the study of science, in the study of humanities, or in personal action, we must retain an attitude of skepticism and truth-seeking, and we must rely on practice to discover the truth of things. Nowadays, the environment of the world and society is changing rapidly. The exchange of different cultures in the world is also getting closer. We cannot blindly accept what we used to believe to be the truth, nor can we wait for the instructions of "academic authorities". We need to exercise our own judgment. In the midst of the radical changes in our environment, we should re-experience the true meaning of the scriptures of thousands of years ago, which speak of the pursuit of knowledge through material things. This meaning is twofold: first, the way to seek truth is to explore things objectively; second, the process of exploration is not passive inaction, but imaginative and planned exploration. I hope that our generation will have a new understanding and thinking about materialism and knowledge, so that the spirit of experimentation will become a real part of Chinese culture.

Lesson Plan

Teaching Objectives

1. Objectives to be able to articulate the importance of the spirit of experimentation in the context of one's own life practice.

2, combined with the text to analyze the facts and reasoning as well as positive and negative argumentation methods.

3, learn to circle and annotate the key words and phrases of the reading method.

Teaching Key Points and Difficulties

Key points: accurately understand the text of a large number of quotations and aphorisms, to understand the method of argument and rhetorical methods; learn to make cards.

Difficulties: understanding the argumentative structure of the article.

Teaching Methods

This is a big scientist's small speech, but reflecting on the traditional Chinese culture of a major drawback - that is, heavy philosophical metaphysical talk light scientific experiments. The author of the ancient and modern Chinese and foreign pass, will be analyzed and present the combination of the law, knowledge, deep thinking, experience Catch, words out of the heart, hit the ills of the times. To learn this article, it is appropriate to cultivate students' ability to study and read the rationale and logical thinking ability through cooperative inquiry.

Teaching aids

Multimedia.

Teaching process

First, the introduction of the classroom

Students, when we talk about the long history, splendid culture, the four great inventions and OU won the championship, do you know that none of the top ten contemporary scientific and technological inventions is our Chinese? Joseph Lee's proposition is to explore why modern China is lagging behind in science and technology. Since May 4, many learned people have been thinking about this problem, but until now, Chinese students are still indisputable fact that they have high scores but low ability, and insufficient ability to create and practice. What is the reason for this? Let's explore this valuable issue with Prof. Ding Zhaozhong.

Second, the whole inquiry

1, read the whole text quickly to find the central argument for the exchange.

Characteristics of the central argument: a statement of judgment; condensed and generalized, the whole point of view.

Clarify: Chinese people lack the spirit of materialism and knowledge / Most Chinese students favor theory over experimentation, and abstract thinking over hands-on work. / We need to cultivate the spirit of experimentation / or title.

2. Using the method of sketching and commenting, skip reading the article and tell us how the author analyzes the concept of grasping knowledge?

Clarification: the beginning of the point out that materialism is scientific experimentation, and then by the University of materialism in the traditional Confucianism of materialism to the real materialism, etc., analysis of the original meaning of the counter-examples and then to explore the true meaning of the positive - negative - positive spiral or layer by layer progression, straight to the truth.

What four questions does the author explore in the article?

Clear: ① What is the meaning of "University" in the materialism and knowledge? ② What does the author mean by the real meaning of Ge Shi Zhi Zhi Zhi? What is the purpose of traditional Chinese education? What are the disadvantages of traditional Chinese education? ④ How can we cultivate the spirit of materialism and knowledge in our own study and life?

The article from the problem, to analyze the problem, solve the problem, all in one go, layer by layer in-depth reasoning, the idea is very clear, there is a strong persuasive.

Third, the key difficulties breakthrough

1, three argumentation methods:

(1) quote ancient language: such as, the beginning of the citation of the "University" in the "material knowledge," pointing out that it is the basic meaning of the. 3 paragraphs in the citation of the "University" in the "material knowledge, sincerity, correct heart, cultivate the body, Qi Jia, ruling the country, and the world's eight entries.

(2) the organic combination of facts and reasoning: when citing examples, the use of positive examples and negative examples combined with the method of reasoning. The negative examples: ① cited the Ming Dynasty, a great theorist Ge Zhuzi headache failed to illustrate the traditional Confucianism on the wrong attitude to experimentation. ②Chinese students do well in their schoolwork but are helpless when faced with practical work. ③When the author was in college, he buried his head in his books to cope with everything, which was of no help to his practical needs. ④ Positive examples: through active and planned exploration to understand the nature of bamboo.

Benefits: typical examples of argumentation, reasoning, convincing.

(3) The use of contrast: for example, traditional Chinese education maintains the social system through inner realization and self-examination, in contrast to the history of scientific progress, which shows that new knowledge can only be obtained through field experiments. Benefits: positive and negative, thought-provoking.

2, related words and logical thinking:

The use of related words in this article is complex and rigorous. They rise and fall, flash and move, affirmation and negation, progressive cause and effect, on the one hand, the more abundant scattered material welded very tight, on the other hand, it also shows the author's strong logical discernment and language skills, enhance the logical power of this article, but also play a role in the effect of the expression of the meaning. Such as the third paragraph: but this may be because it is not, rather. It is to make people, thus. Because of this, then again, such as the ninth paragraph: he used not but never, it is to be about to need to express their own point of view, attitude, tone of voice is extremely clear.

Fourth, extracurricular expansion (optional)

1, some people think: Mr. Ding Zhaozhong will be the reluctance of Chinese students to do hands-on attributed to Wang Shouren, unfair. In order to emphasize the natural sciences and deny the social sciences, there is a suspicion of denial of traditional Chinese culture. What do you think? Please base on this article, think independently and make a reply.

2, recommended reading (search the Internet for the name of the article can be obtained) ① "Ding Zhaozhong letter to students" ② Ding Zhaozhong "space station to find antimatter experiments" speech (transcript).

3, their own hands to do a small science experiments (such as: two cups of water into the refrigerator, 1 hour later, to see whether the hot water first frozen or cool water first frozen?) The result and you think the same? What inspiration and gain.

Board Design

The first part (1 paragraph): raise the question.

The second part (3 to 12 paragraphs): analyze the problem.

(3 to 5 paragraphs): point out the disadvantages of traditional education.

(6 to 10 paragraphs): analyze the importance of the spirit of experimentation in science.

(11 to 12 paragraphs): analyze the national situation and personal experience to further expose the shortcomings of traditional education, explaining the importance of emphasizing the spirit of experimentation.

The third part (13 paragraphs) solves the problem.

Knowledge

I. Author Introduction

Ding Zhaozhong, Chinese-American physicist, Nobel Prize winner. Mainly engaged in high-energy physics research. 1974 led the group in the experimental discovery of new particles, and led to a series of related new particles . Discovery, so that particle physics has entered a new stage of development.

Second, the background

This article is Ding Zhaozhong in Beijing on October 18, 1991 in the Great Hall of the People held in the "love of China" conference to accept the special honorary award speech. In this speech, Mr. Ting, as a scientist, reflects on the traditional Chinese way of thinking, and advocates exploring the unknowns of the world in the true spirit of materialism and knowledge.

C. Understanding the meaning of words

1. Honor: honorable and fortunate.

2. confer: to give (medals, awards, degrees, honors, etc.).

3. comprehend: to comprehend; to understand.

4. Qingtan: This refers to some scholars and masters between Wei and Jin who did not do practical work and talked about philosophy, and later referred to general impractical talk.

5. Sitting on the sidelines: a metaphor for staying out of the way or not assisting others.

6. At a loss for words: not knowing what to do, describing the embarrassment or anxiety.

7. uncertainty: not knowing which way to go.

8.

Fourth, the problem is summarized

1. What is the role of the first paragraph of this paper?

Give account of the reasons for the speech, put forward the thesis.

2. paragraph ② cited in the "University" in the "material" "Zhi Zhi Zhi" what is the intention?

From the traditional Chinese Confucian classics, "Ge Shi" "Zhi Zhi Zhi", not only to point out the title, but also to show that this point of view has a long history. The use of "ge-objects" and "zhi zhi" in The Great Learning to describe the foundation of modern academia emphasizes the importance of exploring objects, or experimentation, in modern academia. From this, we can see that in order to truly understand the development of modern academia, there should be the spirit of "Ge Shi Zhi Zhi Zhi", which makes the argument more convincing.

3. Combined with the third paragraph, talk about the different meanings of the ancient and modern materialism.

In ancient China, due to the need to adapt to the ruling class, the real meaning of the study of material knowledge is not to "seek new knowledge", and its ultimate goal is to "pacify the world".

4. What is the purpose of citing the example of Wang Yangming's failure to "grasp" bamboo?

This question is answered by the analysis of the role of examples. Cite Wang Yangming "frame" bamboo headache and failure of the example, specific and powerful argument that "traditional Chinese education does not attach importance to the real material and Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi" point of view, the language is humorous, easy to understand.

5. What argumentation methods are used in the eighth paragraph? What is the role?

Examples of argumentation, comparative argumentation. Cite the example of the study of bamboo to argue that "the process of experimentation" is "active, planned process of detection", while contrasting with the example of Wang Yangming "frame" bamboo, highlighting the argument that new knowledge can only be obtained through experimentation. The reasoning that new knowledge can only be gained through experimentation.

6. What is the role of "most", "often", "often" in the text?

The question is answered by analyzing the role of modifying restrictive words in an argumentative essay. "Most" indicates the scope, and "often" and "often" indicate the frequency of more. These words highlight the prevalence of the adverse effects of traditional Chinese education on students, and the language is accurate and rigorous.

7. What is the purpose of the author's argument by citing the example of his own study in the United States?

The question is answered by analyzing the role of examples.

8. What is the meaning of "to realize knowledge through material things" in "University"? What is the real meaning of the author's "to realize knowledge through material things"?

The meaning of "to learn from things" in "The Great Learning" is: to gain knowledge from looking into objects, that is to say, to gain knowledge by doing experiments. The real meaning of the author's "to know by examining things" is twofold: first, the way to seek the truth is to explore things objectively; second, the exploration should be imaginative and well-planned, not just passive bystanders.

9. What is the key to judging whether a person has the spirit of "to realize knowledge through material things"?

The key to determining whether a person has the spirit of "study of things" is whether he has an objective, imaginative, planned, positive, active exploration of things, that is, what we usually call the spirit of "effort to explore", "Courage to practice" "bold innovation" spirit. If you don't have these, you don't really have the spirit of "learning by doing".