Urgent: Essay on Ecological Planning

Classification and Case Analysis of Comprehensive Information Mapping of Regional Ecological Environment in 2007---Taking Fujian Province as an Example

Abstract:Classification of ecological environment mapping types is the basis of rational development, utilization and governance of natural resources and geomatics information mapping research. The paper adopts the idea of system analysis, based on the summarization and comparative analysis of the previous research on the classification of land use/land cover, vegetation, geomorphology, landscape and ecological environment, based on the methodology of geographic information mapping, and with the help of remote sensing and geographic information system and other technologies, we construct a system for the classification of ecological environment comprehensive information mapping, and propose a classification system for the ecological environment mapping of Fujian Province as an example.

Keywords: ecological environment; comprehensive information mapping;

IntroductionOn the basis of the categorization research of vegetation, cover, geomorphology, landscape and ecological environment, etc., and based on the methodology of geographic information mapping, with the help of remote sensing and the ecological environment which is a direct impact on the survival and development of human beings or the technology of geographic information system (GIS) and other technologies, we constructed a comprehensive ecological information mapping system to classify the environmental elements which are indirectly impacted on the ecological environment and human beings themselves to the classification index system. collection and human itself on the classification index system, and take Fujian Province as an example, put forward the role of ecological environment in Fujian Province [1]. It is a classification system of various environmental maps in the living system and environmental system, which has positive significance for correctly grasping the ecological environment in Fujian Province, which is composed of substances of different nature and different movement states, and guiding the ecological environment construction and management of the interactions between the continuous material cycle and energy flow through the spatial distribution of their realm and the law of development, as well as in the rationale. Under the influence of human socio-economic activities, an organic whole with specific structure and function is formed [2].2 Ecological environment type and its system analysis Ecological environment comprehensive information mapping is a kind of methodology based on computer technology and "3S" technology, utilizing the methodology of geographic information mapping Ecological environment and the classification of the elements is the ecological environment, the structure of the ecological environment, and exploring how the ecological environment can be classified, and how to improve the ecological environment. The classification of ecological environment and its elements is the basis of ecological environment planning and management, and it is the prerequisite for exploring the structure and exploring how to categorize the huge amount of information in the ecological environment in accordance with the function research. In addition to the fact that there are different classification schemes due to the different connotations, extensions and status of the ecological environment and the effective way of accurately expressing the phenomena and internal laws of the ecological environment, coupled with the researchers' research objectives and focus on guiding and facilitating people from different disciplines to carry out a more in-depth study of the ecological environment, the ecological environment classification system varies. Input research. The first task of ecological environment comprehensive information mapping research in China's geography on the land type of research, the land is in accordance with the real situation of the natural world on the surface of the land, the historical formation of the geographical difference between the type of understanding "to the surface of the environment of the natural geography of the interaction of various elements of the spatial pattern of the eco-environmental regional differences; the ecological environment synthesized the formation of natural complexes ", in fact, it is similar to the type of ecological environment class combined information mapping reflects this regional differences [3]. In the classification of the 1:1,000,000 environmental atlas of China compiled in the early 1980s, the first level of the classification of the land type map of the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of the ecological environment is based on the hydrothermal conditions and biogas analysis, quality assessment, establishment of the characteristics of the atlas and attributes of the description of the indexes, and the atlas of the candidate zones, etc., and the whole country is divided into 12 land classes, and the second level of the classification is based on the design of mathematical models, the demonstration of the atlas and the development of the retrieval system according to the development of the land type map. The second level is based on the design of mathematical model, map demonstration and development of retrieval system, and the third level is divided into 125 land classes*** according to geomorphologic types, and the third level is based on vegetation and prerequisites [4]. Soil as an indicator to divide the land type [6,7]. These land types have essentially This paper summarizes the comparative analysis of the previous on land use/land cover equivalent to the ecological environment type, but they only consider the land of the self-receiving date: 2006-05-15; Revision date: 2006-06-14.Supported by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40371096); the Fujian Provincial Department of Education Funded Project (JA04265). Fujian Province Youth Science and Technology Talents Innovation Program (2006F3110).

007 years of natural attributes without taking into account the land use changes generated by human activities, the degree of similarity and difference in the nature of the continued division or merger. In the zoning of the basis so not all reflect the actual existence of a wide variety of ecological basis and then classified, more can make the classification work in a relatively consistent area of environmental types. More targeted in the region, conducive to the practice of popularization and application. Landscape ecological classification is related to the classification of ecological environment classification of various related systems of typical classification methods (such as Table 1), system. According to the People's Republic of China and the national standard GB10112-88: first of all, it can be seen to hydrothermal conditions and bioclimatic zones for the general principles and methods of determining the terminology for the large area control [8], that is, the connotation of the terminology and the external system is relatively unified, in addition to the intensity of human impact in accordance with the division of ecological extension of the basic principle of mutual overlap, "ecological environment" and "landscape" are the basic principles of ecological environment. The two environmental types of "ecological environment" and "landscape" have gradually become mainstream. The terminology is related to [9~11]. "National ecological environment construction plan" according to the same ecological environment 3 ecological environment comprehensive information mapping classification system type of landforms, climate, soil and vegetation and other natural conditions have obvious similarity and first of all, the country is divided into 8 ecological environment type 3.1 classification objectives and principles of the area, namely: (1) the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River; (2) the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River (2) the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River; the classification of the comprehensive information map of the ecological environment should include both the earth (3) the "Three Norths" wind and sand comprehensive prevention and control area; (4) the southern hilly red soil area; the distribution and combination of the environmental elements on the surface, and the human activities (5) the northern soil and stone mountainous area; (6) the northeastern black soil diffuse granite area; (7) the Qinghai-Tibetan high dynamic utilization situation of natural environment, and the classification of the ecological environment should be based on the principles of the national classification. The utilization of the natural environment, but also to reflect the geologic information of the original freeze-thaw protection zone; (8) grassland area. And Liu Yinhan et al [12] in Shaanxi Province atlas geography law characteristics. Through the cognition of geology and graphic thinking, ecological environment classification, first in accordance with the overall structure of the ecological environment, based on a large number of spatial practice of data mining, categorization and merger, classification of this attribute and functional characteristics of the division of regional ecological environment, urban and rural settlements positioning, in the form of genealogical expression, so that the three major systems of internal ecological environment and watershed ecological environment expressed in the type of the atlas. Among them, the regional ecological capacity has a clear concept of spatial positioning [15]. Environmental system according to the location, environmental background value and human interference, etc. Divided by drawing on the classification system of land use, landscape and vegetation, etc., the district for seven ecological environment sub-districts, on the basis of sub-districts and then according to the classification of the land domain ecological environment comprehensive information mapping adheres to the following principles: the use of / land cover way to distinguish between arable land, garden land, breeding land, grass and shrubs (1) the principle of regional differentiation is the theory of the delineation of the ecological environment zone The principle of regional differentiation is the theory of the division of ecological environment zones, such as land, artificial forest, irrigation and grassland, semi-natural woodland, inland wetland, and wind foundation, and it is also the most basic principle of the division of types. There are 10 major categories such as scenic tourism land, independent industrial and mining land and unutilized land. This (2) combination of zoning and classification principle, because the ecological environment of the ecological environment classification is based on the ecological environment of the components and their genus geospatial laws and geographical processes have a certain regional similarity Tab.1 Contrast with classification system between vegetation, land-use, landscape and ecological environment Tab.1 Contrast with classification system between vegetation, land-use, landscape and eco-environment in ChinaNote: "★" indicates that there are more than 3 systems with related classification types.

Different locations, environmental background values and human activities all affect the setting and screening of indicators in the bio-analysis method [17]. The attributes and quality of the type of comprehensive information mapping of the ecological environment have obvious regional characteristics in space and (1) indicator factor weights analyzed in time. Adopting qualitative and quantitative methods, first of all, frequency (3) comprehensive and dominant factors combined principle, both consider more statistics, using Wanfang journal database on the 1998~2005 about the biological factors at the same time integrated role in the regional environment, but also to capture the impact of the ecological environment zoning classification indicators of 159 literature for frequency statistics, the dominant factors of the entire ecological environment, the characteristics of each factor and its combination from recent researchers to select the most comprehensive information map type of attributes and quality, in space and (2) indicator factor weighting time has obvious regional characteristics. We also need to select the indexes that are used more frequently by researchers in recent years from the 159 papers that affect the classification of ecological environment. The second difference is the main basis for the classification of types. On the basis of the purpose and principles of the classification, the scoring was done by expert consultation. The most (4) correctly assess the role of human activities in the ecological environment, after the use of hierarchical analysis, through the analysis and calculation, the factor weight due to the differences in population density and economic structure, so that in the region of the human value, and combined with fuzzy clustering analysis, the weight value of ≥ 0.2 for the first level for the land caused by the differences in the ecological environment, so that for the different ecological environment zoning indicators, ≥ 0.05 for the second level of classification index, ≥ 0.01 for the third level of environmental classification indicators, ≥ 0.01 for the second level of classification indicators, and ≥ 0.01 for the third level of environment classification indicators. ≥0.01 for the third level of habitat type, the degree of human influence is different. Classification indicators (e.g. Table 2). (5) In addition to considering the similarities and differences in natural, economic and social conditions, the division of types also needs to consider the ecological environment Table 2 Comprehensive information mapping of the ecological environment classification index weight coefficients of the existence of problems and the consistency of the future direction of governance, protection and construction, Tab.2 Weight valuesfor indicesof the formulation of corresponding measures to promote the sustainable development of the region. eco-environment classification (6) the principle of systematicity, the methodology of geographic information mapping requires that the classification of mapping types should be abstract, generalized and summarized, and strive to extract the geographic "gene" mapping from the complex ecological environment, more reflective of the "spectrum" of the mapping. The characteristics of "spectrum" [16]. The use of the form of the map will be a large number of data for categorization and merger, abstract formation of genealogy. The process of summarizing and refining the type of comprehensive information map (Figure 1). (2) The division of the first-level ecological environment area ecological environment in the macro-expression of a series of different types of spatial combination and continuous distribution [2]. On the other hand, the geographic characteristics of different ecological zones are the objective basis for determining the summarization and refinement of the geological information map. The application of all selected simplification and generalization methods, the determination of various refining indicators and the evaluation of the importance of abstract objects must be subject to the constraints of regional geographic characteristics. Therefore, it is generally believed that climatic conditions are the main determinants of ecological differentiation at large and medium scales, and geomorphology is the main factor that changes the distribution of hydrothermal factors [2,18,19]. Therefore, the main indexes of the eco-environmental area in the technical route of the study of Figure 1 eco-environmental information mapping: ①climatic and meteorological indexes: dryness, Fig.1 The process ofstudyingTuPu type of eco-environment annual mean temperature, ≥ 10 ℃ cumulative temperature, average temperature of the coldest month and the hottest month. ②Geomorphic indicators:altitude, height of undulation, similar geomorphic types and special 3.2 Indicator selection and system construction signs. Following the classification scheme and principles mentioned above, drawing on other relevant (3) Classification system for the division of secondary ecological environment types, taking into account the accuracy of the remote sensing image data sources utilized (Land- based on regional ecological environment zoning, secondary ecological environment sat TM and ETM) and the choice of coding methods, etc., in order to make the classification indexes for the types of the natural attributes of the ground cover and the utilization of the elements, the establishment of the index system can objectively reflect the natural attributes and utilization of the ground cover, and to make the index system more objective. In order to make the establishment of the index system objectively reflect the attributes of the classification content, according to the law of geographical differentiation of vegetation types of natural ecosystems in the surface cover and reflecting the main characteristics of the region, we divided each ecological environment zone into forests, grasslands, sparse or unvegetated lands, water and water resources, using the method of frequency counting, theoretical analysis, expert consulting, and hierarchical status, respectively, and the composition and external appearance of morphology and the functioning and utilization of the man-made ecosystems. In 2007, we classified the ecological zones into six categories: forests, grasslands, sparse or non-vegetated lands, water wetlands, agricultural lands, and man-made structures (Table 1: Types and morphology of ecosystems; Classification index of water wetlands and man-made structures3 ). ARC/INFO and ArcView were used as the software standard for this interpretation: cause, scale and utilization. With ARC/INFO and ArcView as the software standard: cause, scale and utilization status, ETM remote sensing image as the background data source, vector graphic data and attribute data are extracted under human-computer interaction.4 The spatial distribution map of the regional secondary ecological environment classification is obtained from the application case analysis. Fujian Province is located in the southeast coast of China, backed by mountains and facing the sea, its north, Table 3 The classification system of ecological environment comprehensive information mapping classification system in the west and south are basically separated from Zhejiang, Tab.3 The classification system ofTuPu type of Jiangxi, Guangdong by the mountains with an elevation of more than 1,000m, thus becoming relatively independent of the eco-environmental natural geographic units in terms of geomorphology and water system. environment is a relatively independent natural geographic unit. The relatively independent geomorphology and water system have a profound influence on the formation and distribution of other natural elements such as climate, soil and vegetation, which makes the ecological environment of Fujian Province show great relative independence. However, due to the regional economic growth mode is relatively rough, the consumption and destruction of resources are also expanding, resulting in a series of environmental problems such as industrial pollution, soil erosion, destruction of vegetation, soil erosion and soils erosion and so on. Accordingly, combined with the socio-economic data, Fujian Province is divided into five ecological environment zones, namely: western Fujian, northwestern Fujian, mountainous basin and valley ecological environment zone, central and low mountainous mountainous ecological environment zone, northeastern Fujian coastal ecological environment zone, southeastern Fujian low mountainous terrace plains ecological environment zone, and southeastern Fujian coastal peninsula and island ecological environment zone. For each ecological environment zone, six major ecological environment types, namely, forest, grassland, sparse or no vegetation, water and wetland, farmland and man-made structures, were distinguished according to the vegetation and land use status. Finally, among the six major ecological environment types, the third level of mapping types is divided according to the internal differences of each ecological environment area. There are 80 ecological environment types in the province*** (Figure 2).5 ConclusionThe ecological environment comprehensive information mapping classification scheme is based on the ecological characteristics, environmental spatial structure, ecosystem services of the region, in order to make the classification of the three-level ecological environment types reflect the functions of the region, ecological and environmental problems and the impacts of human activities, and to improve the quality of the ecological environment types, it is necessary to analyze the spatial distribution of ecological environment types. In order to make the classification of three-level ecological environment types reflect the indicators of regional functions, ecological environment problems and impacts of human activities, and to determine the quality of ecological environment types and their spatial distribution, it is necessary to classify and spatially locate the ecological environment types on remote sensing images. In the process of dividing the characteristics of the ecological environment area (spectral characteristics, radiometric characteristics, geometric characteristics and the law of change, firstly, emphasize the basic geological and geomorphological features in the region, etc.) to carry out a comprehensive analysis, objectively reflecting the comprehensive characteristics of the ecological environment, tectonics and the basis of the natural differentiation of the regional climate; secondly, highlighting the extraction of human realization of the thematic geometries and attribute information. According to the role of individual biological activities. With the increase in population and economic and social development, the specific characteristics of the ecological environment zone, in order to reflect the information mapping highly set of human influence on the ecological environment is growing, many areas of nature into, image expression and reveal the mechanism of the law of the idea, in the third level of the trace is decreasing, replaced by a strong human activities in the dry category, the same ecological environment type should have similar land use/disturbance. The division of more intense human activities reflects the idea that land cover status, similar ecological problems and similar anthropogenic and human impacts are given equal importance; finally, attention is paid to the main activity pattern of the region. Therefore, the classification of the third level of ecological environment type adopts the idea of ecological environment problems. In order to facilitate the management of the regional ecological environment, the following indicators are used: ① Indicators of ecological environment problems: ecological environment sensitivity and management and construction, strengthening the management and improvement of ecological environment problems, and the main ecological environment problems that have already appeared in the vulnerability of the region. ② forest, grass sub-classification will be some typical ecological environment problems separate classification, such as lowland, farmland, desert and sparse or no vegetation land classification indicators: vegetation cover high erosion coniferous forests, high cover low erosion coniferous forests, such as ecological environment of the regional ecological environment comprehensive information mapping of the classification and case study - 89 - Fig. 2 Figure 2 Ecological environment in Fujian Province comprehensive information mapping types of map Fig.2 Typesofcomprehensive information TuPu of eco-environmentin Fujian environment type. 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