What are the structural patterns?

There are three structural models: linear organizational model, functional organizational model and rectangular organizational model.

First, the linear organizational structure model

In the military organizational system, organizational discipline is very strict. The organizational relationship of army, division, brigade, regiment, battalion, company, platoon and squad is that orders are issued step by step, and the first command level and the first level are responsible for the first level. The linear organizational structure comes from this very strict military organizational system.

In the linear organizational structure, each work department can only issue work instructions to its direct subordinate departments, and each work department has only one direct superior department. Therefore, each work department has only one instruction source, which avoids the influence of contradictory instructions on the operation of the organization system.

Internationally, linear organizational structure mode is a common mode of construction project management organization system, because there are many participating units in a construction project, ranging from dozens to hundreds, and there will be thousands of participating units in large-scale projects. In the process of project implementation, contradictory instructions will have a great impact on the realization of project objectives, and the linear organizational structure model can ensure the uniqueness of work instructions.

However, in the super-large organization system, the instruction path of the linear organization structure model is too long, which may cause difficulties in the operation of the organization system to some extent.

Second, the functional organizational structure model

In general industrial enterprises, there are functional departments of management, finance, materials and production, supply and sales, as well as production workshops and logistics support institutions. Although the production workshop and logistics support organization are not necessarily directly subordinate departments of functional departments, functional management departments can issue work instructions to the production workshop and logistics support organization within their management functions, which is a typical functional organizational structure.

There are functional departments (offices) in colleges and universities that manage personnel, finance, teaching, scientific research and capital construction, as well as other teaching and scientific research institutions such as colleges, departments and research centers. Their organizational structure model is also a functional organizational structure, and the personnel department and the academic affairs office can issue work instructions to colleges and departments within their respective responsibilities.

At present, most enterprises, schools and institutions in China are still using this traditional organizational structure model. Many construction projects still adopt this traditional organizational structure mode, and overlapping and contradictory work orders often appear in the work, which seriously affects the operation of project management mechanism and the realization of project objectives.

Third, the matrix organizational structure model

Matrix organizational structure is a relatively new organizational structure model. Under the highest commander (department) of the matrix organizational structure, there are two different types of work departments, vertical and horizontal. Vertical work departments such as people, finance, materials, production, supply and sales functional management departments, horizontal work departments such as production workshops.

If the construction enterprise adopts matrix organizational structure, the vertical work department can be planning management, technical management, contract management, financial management and personnel management, and the horizontal work department can be project department.

If a large-scale construction project adopts the matrix organizational structure mode, the vertical work department can be investment control, schedule control, quality control, contract management, information management, personnel management, financial management and material management, and the horizontal work department can be the project management department of each subproject.

Matrix organizational structure is suitable for large-scale organizational systems, and both Shanghai Metro and Guangzhou Metro 1 Line have adopted matrix organizational structure mode.