Essay on Introduction to Kiln Cave in Shaanxi!

The kiln cave in northern Shaanxi is a kiln with such a vaulted roof carved out of the mountain. Because of the loess itself has the nature of the upright does not collapse, and the weight-bearing capacity of the vaulted roof is better than the flat roof, so the kiln is generally taken to the vaulted roof to ensure the stability of the way. Shaanbei to take the loess plateau soil layer thick, low water table characteristics, digging kiln for residential, have the advantages of warm in winter and cool in summer. Kiln dwellings can be categorized into three types: pit-type, cliff-type and adobe-type. Pit-type kiln dug in the ground, the inner three or four sides of the cave cut to live, with ramps in and out. Along the cliff type kiln is along the edge of the mountain and ditch side layer by layer kiln. The adobe arch type kiln is made of adobe and then covered with soil for heat preservation. There are also masonry kilns. Pit-style kilns are also found in the western Henan plains with thick loess layers, such as the pit-style kilns in Gong County, Henan Province, where the whole village and streets are often built below the ground level, so that only the canopy of the village and the trees on the ground can be seen from afar. The land on top of the pit-type kilns can still be planted with crops. Such underground streets are also found in eastern Gansu. From the point of view of western environmental architects, this kind of underground pit-type kiln building is a perfect civilized building that does not destroy nature. The combination of underground kilns still maintains the pattern of the traditional courtyard in the north, with kitchens and warehouses for storing grain, wells for drinking water and seepage wells, as well as sheds for raising livestock, forming a cozy underground courtyard. The use of the lot, the division of the courtyard, the traffic relationship between the upper and lower floors, the lighting and ventilation, and the drainage are all handled in a very skillful way.

Introduction of kilns in northern Shaanxi

The loess, which is one to two hundred meters deep, extremely difficult to seep water, and very upright, provides a good premise for the development of kilns. At the same time, the dry climate with little rain, cold winters, less wood and other natural conditions, but also for the winter warm, cool in summer, very economical, do not need wood kiln, creating an opportunity for the development and continuation. Due to the natural environment, geomorphological features and local terroir, kilns form a variety of forms

Shaanxi kiln

style. But from the layout of the structure of the building can be divided into three forms: cliff, sunken and independent. There are few building materials, few craftsmen, convenient construction, no land occupation, and no damage to the environment.

Kilns in Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, are interspersed with kiln-style flat-roofed houses. The kiln is an organic combination of natural and living scenes, permeated with people's love and attachment to the yellow earth.

The kiln is fireproof, noise-proof, warm in winter and cool in summer, and saves land and labor, making it the perfect building form for local conditions.

People use the characteristics of loess, digging holes to make room for the repair of the kiln called earth kiln, generally 7-8 meters deep, more than 3 meters high, 3 meters wide, the deepest up to 20 meters. There are two kinds of windows, one is a small square window of about 1 square meter; the other is a round window of about 3-4 square meters. It is characterized by warmth in winter and coolness in summer. Stone arch caves with a depth of 7-9 meters and a width and height of about 3 meters are called stone kiln caves, which use stones as building materials. Brick kilns have the same style and construction method as stone kilns, and are beautiful in appearance. A yard kiln generally repair 3 holes or 5 holes, the middle kiln for the main kiln, some divided into front and rear kiln, some 1 into 3 open. The kiln is usually built on the mountainside or at the foot of the mountain in a sunny place, and many trees and plants are planted on the banks of the brain above the kiln.

Edit this section against the cliff type kiln (cliff kiln)

Against the cliff type kiln against the mountain type and along the ditch type, the kiln is often presented in a curved or zigzag arrangement, there is a harmonious and beautiful architectural art effect. If the height of the hill permits, sometimes the kiln is arranged with several layers of stairs, similar to modern buildings.

Editing this section of the sunken kiln (kiln)

The sunken kiln is the underground kiln, mainly in the loess plateau area - there is no hillside, ditch wall can be used in the area. In this type of kiln, a square pit is dug on the spot, and then the kiln is cut out of the four walls to form a courtyard. People in the flat land, you can only see the ground courtyard treetops, do not see the house.

Edit paragraph free-standing kiln (hoop kiln)

The free-standing kiln is a kind of sheltered soil arch houses, whether or not the soil adobe arch kiln, there are also brick arch stone arch kiln. This kind of kiln does not need to rely on the mountain and cliff, and can be independent, without losing the advantages of the kiln. They can be single-story or built as a building. If the upper floor is also a hoop kiln that is called "kiln kiln"; if the upper floor is a wooden house is called "kiln house".

Editing the construction technology and structural characteristics of kilns in northern Shaanxi

The kilns in northern Shaanxi are kilns with a vaulted roof, which are carved out of the mountains. Because the loess itself is upright and does not collapse, and the weight-bearing capacity of the vaulted roof is better than that of the flat roof, the kiln generally takes the form of a vaulted roof to ensure its stability. Shaanbei to take the loess plateau soil layer thick, low water table characteristics, digging kiln for residential, have the advantages of warm in winter and cool in summer. Kiln dwellings can be categorized into three types: pit-type, cliff-type and adobe-type. Pit-type kiln dug a pit in the ground, three or four sides of the inner excavated caves to live in, with ramps in and out. Along the cliff type kiln is along the edge of the mountain and ditch side layer by layer kiln. The adobe arch type kiln is made of adobe and then covered with soil for heat preservation. There are also brick and stone kiln dwellings. Pit-style kilns are also found in the western Henan plains with thick loess layers, such as the pit-style kilns in Gong County, Henan Province, where the whole village and streets are often built below the ground level, so that only the canopy of the village and the trees on the ground can be seen from afar. The land on top of the pit-type kilns can still be planted with crops. Such underground streets are also found in eastern Gansu. From the point of view of western environmental architects, this kind of underground pit-type kiln building is a perfect civilized building that does not destroy nature. The combination of underground kilns still maintains the pattern of the traditional courtyard in the north, with kitchens and warehouses for storing grain, wells for drinking water and seepage wells, as well as sheds for raising livestock, forming a cozy underground courtyard. There is a very skillful way of dealing with the utilization of the lot, the division of the courtyard, the traffic relationship between the upper and lower floors, the lighting and ventilation, and the drainage.