How to learn to play the flute and some related information?

If you want to learn to play the flute, it is best to hire a teacher, hand in hand to teach you, so it will be easier to master some, if you want to learn on your own then go to buy a tutorial, step by step, in time you can play well, master the flute is divided into fingering and mouth wind, mouth, and the mouth of the strength of the training, I have some information here to help you understand the mastery of flute knowledge, I hope that you have helped!

Wikipedia

The flute is one of the commonly used horizontal woodwind instruments in traditional Chinese music, namely the Chinese bamboo flute, which is generally categorized into the southern Qu flute and the northern Bang flute. The flute is often used in Chinese folk music, opera, Chinese folk orchestras, Western symphony orchestras and modern music. Most flutes are made of bamboo, but stone and jade flutes are also available. However, the best raw material for making flutes is still bamboo, because the sound effect of flutes made of this material is the best.

Introduction

Alias: bamboo flute; horizontal flute; "horizontal blowing".

Applied clef: treble clef, notation without transposition.

Structural composition: a long tube slightly thicker than a finger, with a number of small holes.

The common six-hole bamboo membrane flute consists of a headjoint, a blow hole (1), a membrane hole (1), tone holes (6), back holes (2), front holes (2, also known as the cylinder tone) and a tail.

Material: the body of the flute is usually made of bamboo.

The membrane (a small sheet attached to the holes when playing) is usually made from the inner membrane of a young reed stem.

The first step in the application of the membrane is the selection of the adhesive, which is currently used in the form of Colla Corii Asini, Donkey Skin Paste, Yellow Fish Gum, Resin, Bletilla, etc. Colla Corii Asini and Bletilla are the most commonly used, and can be purchased from traditional Chinese medicine stores and herbal medicine shops. As the membrane itself has a certain degree of stretchability and water absorption, there will be a certain degree of automatic restoration of the membrane, so the membrane can be slightly tighter, so that after it is automatically restored, the membrane is moderately tight and can produce a pleasant sound, but if you want to stick it as you go along, the membrane should be relaxed to stick. Paste film, first cut off a square of flute film, so that the fibers of the film itself and the fibers of the flute parallel, overlap, and then use gum dipped in water coated in the membrane around the hole, with the right and left thumb and forefinger pinch flute film on both sides, and pull out the reed film fibers into perpendicular to the wrinkles, and then slowly to the lower side of the press to paste, adjust the uniformity of the press after a moment, that is completed. The membrane should be protected from moisture and sunlight, and should be replaced when it becomes yellow, old, or loses its elasticity. (If you need to keep the fresh membrane for a long time, you can wrap the membrane with a plastic bag and put it into the refrigerator freezer to keep it fresh).

Features of the instrument: It belongs to the family of woodwind instruments in the category of blowhole membrane sounding instruments. It is a typical Chinese national musical instrument.

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Flute selection

Choosing a flute should be considered in terms of the quality and category of the flute. The quality of the flute, in addition to depending on the quality of the tube itself, good or bad, but also depends on the level of production. Selection, purchase, should be tested:

1, test the bamboo quality of the flute. The bamboo tube requires solid bamboo (bamboo grain old). The bamboo grain is fine. The body of the tube is straight and round. The head of the body is generally slightly thicker than the tail, but the difference should not be too large. The thickness of the tube is moderate. The inner wall of the pipe is flat and smooth. The whole body is free of moths and cracks. The shape is beautiful and generous. These requirements, by visual identification.

2, test the pitch of the flute. The method is in accordance with the school sound instrument standard tone flute or timpani (accordion, electronic organ, etc.) against the test blow. After the main tone is determined, then according to the interval relationship, the accuracy of all the pronunciation of the flute to test. It is also possible to play the individual overtones to see if they come out easily and cleanly. Testing the overtones is also a good way to check the pitch of the real tone.

3. Check the volume of the recorder. Generally speaking, the higher the volume, the better. Volume of the flute, *** sound big, strong vibration. There is sometimes a tingling sensation on the fingers when blowing.

4, test the tone of the flute. The general requirements for the tone are loose, thick, round and bright, which on the one hand depends on the quality of the flute itself, and on the other hand has a close relationship with the lamination technology and playing skills.

5. Check the sensitivity of the recorder. Generally speaking, it is better to have the breath to the sound and not to be slow in pronouncing the sound, and the quicker the response, the better.

6, beginners should choose the tonality. The same bamboo flute has a variety of different tunings. How to choose? Generally speaking, beginners should choose the alto flute, E key or F key flute is more suitable. These recorders are easy to play with a moderate pitch and are often used in recitals. If you have the conditions and want to choose more flutes, then, in addition to the middle flute in the keys of E and F, you can also choose a flute in the key of D and a flute in the key of G, which are also commonly used in these two keys.

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Types of flutes

Bang flute

Bang flute is used for the accompaniment of the northern bang opera.

The flute is thin and short, with a high, bright and powerful tone, emphasizing the use of tongue techniques.

The flute shows a strong local color in its performance, and it is more fierce in the use of breath, and it adopts special techniques such as the sharp jumping tongue sound, the powerful pallet sound, and the interesting flower tongue sound, and so on.

The flute is good at expressing the strong and bold, lively and quick mood, with strong northern colors, which is inseparable from the characteristics of the region and the living and working habits of the people in the north.

The flute is mostly used for the accompaniment of the northern opera, opera and opera (such as Qinqiang, Hebei Opera, Pu Opera, etc.), and it can also be used for solo performance.

[Bang flute]

Bang flute

Bang flute

Qu flute

Qu flute is used for the accompaniment of the southern Kunqu opera and other operas, and it is also called "Ban flute", "City flute" or "Za line (i.e., silk) flute". It is also known as "Ban flute", "City flute" or "Za Line (i.e. silk-wrapped) flute", and is also known as "Su flute" because it is produced in Suzhou.

Mostly in the key of C or D. The flute is played in the key of C or D. It is also known as the "Suzhou Flute".

The body of the pipe is thick and long, and the tone is simple, mellow and long, and the change of strength is meticulous, and it is often used to release and then close, with one tone and three rhymes, and it is melodious and gentle, and the tunes played are more beautiful, delicate and gorgeous, and it has a strong flavor of the south of the Yangtze River.

The tone of the flute is moist and clear, and the tone control and contrast of strength and weakness are free, and the flute's "call tone", "send tone" and "hit tone" are mostly applied, The technique of "leaning", "trilling", etc. requires fullness and evenness in the use of breath, and as little as possible of the spit sound breaks.

The flute is widely popular in the south of China and is suitable for solo and ensemble playing. It is one of the characteristic musical instruments in the local music such as Kunqu opera music, Jiangnan silk and bamboo, Southern Jiangsu blowing and beating, and Teochew flute set of gongs and drums.

The flute is one of the most distinctive wind instruments in China, and in May 1986, 16 vertical bone flutes (made of bird and bird limb bones) were unearthed at the early Neolithic site of East Lake Village in Maoyang County, Henan Province, with a history of more than 8,000 years, according to the determination. Vertical blowing, tone holes from five holes to eight holes, of which the majority of seven-tone hole flute, and now we are familiar with the Chinese tradition of roughly the same scale, the bone flute tone holes engraved beside the equinoctial symbols, and some tone holes beside the hole is also punched with a small hole, and today's Chinese intonation is identical to the current Chinese tune can still be used to play the current folk music "little cabbage".

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Instrumental Characteristics

[Qu flute]

Qu flute

The flute belongs to the family of woodwind instruments in the blown holes of the membrane sounding instrument category. It is a typical Chinese national musical instrument. According to legend, the flute has a history of more than two thousand years. The expressive power of the flute is very rich, and it can play colorful notes such as legato breaks, trills and glissandos; it can also express different emotions; no matter it is playing a soothing and peaceful melody or a rapid and jumping melody, its uniqueness can be appreciated from it. In addition, the flute is also good at imitating the various sounds of nature, bringing the listener into the mood of birds and flowers or high mountains and flowing water.

From the newborn "mouth flute" (also known as Yu's flute) in 1971 to the "bone whistle" and "bone flute" unearthed in Hemudu, Zhejiang Province, in 1977, people were surprised to find that there is such a similarity between the two. But this similarity has traveled for more than seven thousand years. The evolution and development of the flute during these 7,000 years of history have made the world marvel: the art of the Chinese bamboo flute is so soulful and colorful. Literati throughout the ages have written countless beautiful poems for it, such as dancing in the gully, weeping in the boat of a widow, urging Du Gongbu to weep and break his heart, and making Yu Chenglong's hair become frosty at the temples.

The Chinese flute has a strong national character, the pronunciation of moving, Wan Hui. The flute was originally known as the "clean" flute, and in Japan it is still known as the "clean flute", which has evolved into the flute of today. The flute is an important melodic instrument in the Chinese folk orchestra, and is mostly used for solo performance, but can also be used in ensembles. The flute is actually a general term for a class of musical instruments. If categorized in terms of pitch, the flute is generally divided into the Qu flute (with a longer, thicker body, lower pitch, and mellow tone, mostly found in southern China), the Bang flute (with a shorter, thinner body, higher pitch, and clear tone, mostly used in northern China's opera genres), and the Zhong flute (with a shape and articulation characteristics intermediate between the Qu flute and the Bang flute).

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Flute Technique

Flute FilmModern flute is divided into two schools in the north and the south: the northern school uses more spitting, flower tongue, gliding, chopping and other techniques, while the southern school often uses vibrato, hitting, superimposed, vibrating and other techniques.

Additionally, after decades of practice by a large number of players, a series of special techniques have been created, such as cyclic air exchange, cyclic spitting, vibrato, packet blowing, roaring, perforated sound, flying fingers, seven degrees of vibrato, and whistling, etc. The southern school is divided into two schools: the northern school uses vibrato, fluttering tongue, sliding tone, chopping tone, and other techniques.

The style of the southern flute is elegant and clear, and the flute they use is mainly the curved flute. The body of the flute is longer and thicker, and its tone is thick and soft, bright and mellow, melodious and gentle, and it is mainly popular in the Jiangnan region of China.

The North School flutes are strong and rugged in style, and the flute they use is mainly the bang flute. The body of the bang flute is shorter and thinner, and its tone is high and bright, and it is mainly popular in the northern part of China.

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Famous flute players

Famous modern flute players include: Liu Sen, Wu Guozhong, Chen Yue, Feng Zicun, Liu Guanle, Lu Chunling, Zhao Songting, Wang Tiehammu, Jian Guangyi, Yu Xunfa, Zeng Yongqing, Chiang Kuoji, Miu Yimin (U.S.A.), Du Rusong, Zhang Weiliang, Zhang Xianghua, Zhan Yongming, Wang Jihheng, Daiya, Liu Haicheng, Chen Tao, Chen Zhongshen, Ma Di . Mr. Wang Ziheng, Mr. Dai Ya Tang Junqiao,Zeng Gege, etc.

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Flute making

The bamboo used for flute basically goes through the process of cutting, lacquering, drilling, proofreading, wrapping, and engraving after it is dried in the shade. One of the special features of the instrument is that the flute is often inscribed with a Tang poem and the name of the maker. Some of the more famous flute makers include Zhou Linsheng, Wang Jianhong, Zou Xusheng, Wang Yiliang, Dong Xuehua, Wen Feng, Bao Miaoliang, Bao Xiangke, Ying Mingzhang, Fan Di Zhi, Jia Yaoliang, Wei Xianzhong, and so on.

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Flute film paste method

First of all, use a needle to cut the film pair, cut rectangular small pieces, and then use the right hand's thumb, forefinger two fingers gently kneaded into a small ball. By twisting the membrane twisted into a lot of fine wrinkles, and then gently unfolded, the membrane back to its original state, and then use the two hands of the thumb, the four fingers of the food gently to the front and back, left and right tense it a few times. This not only prevents the film affixed after the phenomenon of loose, and make the film grain more uniform. Then use glue (donkey skin glue) dipped in water (or garlic juice can also be), rubbed in the membrane around the hole, so that the membrane grain and the flute grain into a parallel direction, pasted on the flute membrane can be empty.

Additionally, the membrane should not be rubbed out too much, because if it is too big, the sound will be sandy. The membrane should not be too tight or too loose, too tight, there is no clear knee loud tone, too loose sound hissing, not good. Solution: When it is too loose, use the belly of the finger to hold the two sides and gently pull it; when it is too tight, use the belly of the finger to press the center of the membrane, but do not dirty the membrane, and even more so when it is not stained with water. If the membrane is stained with water, it will become old and the sound will not sound good. In short, the film is a very meticulous and patient work. High-quality flute film, if the film technology is not good; it is not possible to achieve the ideal **** sound effect. Therefore, to master the film technology is a beginner to learn to play the flute of the necessary courses.

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Recorder Maintenance

(1) If you find the bamboo is not too dry, you can plug all the holes of the recorder, then pour in some salt water and soak it for one to two days (depending on the humidity of the bamboo, and the wet one should soak it for a longer period of time), and then open the holes and pour out the salt water, and then rinse it out with water for one hour before putting it in the tube. After an hour, then in the tube coated with some cooked vegetable oil (preferably oil soup chili pepper pure red oil, with this oil for a long time can make the bamboo body red, never rupture insects), can be used. If you buy a bamboo flute that is dry and strong, it is best to use alcohol to scrub the barrel and the blowhole around the flute to sterilize it. In addition, a small amount of water inside the bamboo will also be eliminated with the evaporation of alcohol.

(2) professional flute player, have a flute box, there is no box, you can do a cloth cover (preferably laminated or cotton), it is best to do a wide, a narrow, wide summer, narrow winter with weekdays. Put the flute inside, if the set, the box are not available, you can find a clean cloth to wrap, so as not to wind and sun, dust into.

(3) After each blow, be sure to pour out the saliva inside the flute barrel. It is best to make a cloth brush, after the spit is poured out, poke it in and rub it gently, then put it into a box or bag. This will prevent the spit from getting moldy and smelly inside the cylinder, which may cause the cylinder to rot.

(4) When the weather is too hot or too dry, it is best to make a "gallon" (a small stick of considerable length, wrapped with several layers of clean cloth and smeared with some oil), which can be inserted into the cylinder when not blowing to prevent the flute from rupturing. The thickness of the "gall bladder" should be compatible with the thickness of the barrel, if it is thick, it cannot be stuffed in, and if it is thin, it will not be on the bamboo wall, and it will not be able to moisten the flute.

(5) After blowing for a long time, there will be a lot of dust inside the cylinder. Dust and gas water infiltration, over time into the dirt, which is not only unhygienic, often give off a bad smell, and even to affect the tone, pitch. At this time it is necessary to wash. Especially if you do not have a case or a cover, you should wash your flute once in a certain period of time. When washing, it should be noted that it is not advisable to use water to wash, so that the flute's dip absorbs too much water, a wet and dry, it is easy to rupture the flute. Available soft cloth or medicine sheep, etc., bundled in the wooden stick (stick to fine not too thick), soak alcohol (preferably alcohol) scrubbing.

(6) Sometimes due to weather changes, too cold or too hot, or because the bamboo is too young, too few bamboo joints, the flute body is easy to rupture. In order to prevent such rupture, or after the rupture, can be at both ends and blowing hole to the membrane between the hole, membrane hole to the sixth hole, the two places each with a silk thread bundled (there is a stretch of plastic is best not to use). Or the head and tail with copper (or aluminum) ring hoop.

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Blowing level

Beginner's level (Grade 1-4):

Grade 1 :

Additional test: checking playing posture

Long scale exercises

Only a mother is good in the world

Spring has come

Singing Two Little Cowherds

Kangding love song

Neimeng Ditty

Fengyang Flower Drum

Lao Liuban

Ode to Joy

The North Wind Blows

Golden Serpent Dances Frantically

Second Level:

Scale Exercises for Skilled Fingering

Basic Exercises for Playing Tones

The Song of Homesickness

My Motherland

August Laurel Blossoms

Ten Big Sisters

As Long as Mother Smiles

Colorful Clouds Chasing the Moon

Pulling Camels

Sheep Shepherding Song

Sheep Shepherdess

Dry Heavenly Thunder

Three Levels:

(1) All Presses as 5-Fingered Pieces

Basic Single Spit Exercises

The Ballad of Yellow Water

Su Wu Shepherds the Sheep

The Laundry Song

The Beauty of Lake Taihu

Malanhua Blossoms

On the Golden Mountain of Beijing

The Story of the Yellow Crane

The Middle Six Panels

Manjiang Red

(2) All Presses for 2-fingered Pieces

Comprehensive exercises of single, double and triple spitting Exercises

Yimeng Mountain Ditty

Picking Tea and Puffing Butterflies

Red Plum Zan

One Plum

Gao Shan Qing

Turning over the Serf and Singing

Nan Nai Wan

Tibetan Dance

Level 4:

Vibrato Exercises

(1) Minor Piece

Mayella

Jasmine Flowers

Embroidered Gold Plaques

(II) Solo Pieces

Mountain Songs

Pushcart

I Am a Soldier

Tianshan Dance

Joyful Songs

Intermediate (Grades 5~6):

Grade 5

(I) Skit

Guanshan Yue

Chant

Letters' Journey

Blue Flowers

(II) Solo Song

Gusu Xing

The Boat Song of the Water Countryside

Joyful Little Piper

Tartar Dance

Small Cowherd

Perjing Tunes

Going to the Countryside

Grade 6

(1) Skit

Spinning Cotton

Shandandandan Blossoms in Red

Ah Tiny Jumps to the Moon

Thirty Mile Pavement

(2) Solo

The Train Runs Toward Beijing

Hello in Northern Shaanxi

Whips the Horses Busy in Transporting Grain

Joyful News

Six Panels of Medium Flowers

Morning

Three Plum Blossoms

Spring in Ordos

Advanced (Grade 7~10)

Seventh Grade

Happy Encounters

Singing Mountain Songs on Foot-powered Waterwheels

Five Clappers

Hundreds of Birds Leads

Merriment of the River Yi

Memories of the Hometown

Makeup Terrace Thinking of Autumn (Bass Flute and Guzheng)

New Song of the Herdsmen

Thunderbolt (Concerto)

Lei Feng (Concerto)

Cold Moon

Countryside Songs

Advanced (after Grade 8~~10)

Grade 8

Spring to Xiangjiang River

Hanging the Red Lanterns

Partridges Flying ( I)

Partridge Fly (II)

Three Fifty Seven

Springtime in the Garden of Jujubes

Grade Nine

Harvesting

Larks

The Sandy Ground

Springtime in the Pamirs

Hearing the Springs

Your Orchid Meets the Spring

Grade Ten

Khola Dance

Qinchuan Lyrics

Walking to the West

Mountain Village Welcoming Relatives

Moonlit Night at the Autumn Lake

After Grade 10

Symphony No. 4

Langya Divine Rhythm

Conflux (Concerto)

P牡丹亭(组曲)

"赤日 "

Bang Flute Concerto

Bamboo Tracks

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History of the flute

During the period of the Yellow Emperor, which was about 4,000 years ago, a large amount of bamboo grew in the Yellow River valley, and bamboo began to be selected as a material to make the flute, and it is recorded in the Records of the Grand Historian that, "The Yellow Emperor The Historical Records recorded: "The Yellow Emperor made Linglun cut bamboo in Kun豀, chopped it and made it into a flute, and blew it as a phoenix song". Taking bamboo as the material for the flute is a great progress of the flute system, for one thing, bamboo is better than bone vibration, and the pronunciation is clear and crispy; for another, bamboo is easy to be processed. Qin and Han Dynasty has a seven-hole bamboo flute, and invented a two-headed flute, Cai Yong, Xun Castor, Liang Wu Di have produced twelve law flute, that is, a flute a law.

The flute was called "篴" in ancient times. In the Han Dynasty, Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi" recorded: "The flute, seven holes, bamboo also".

In 1978, two bamboo flutes were unearthed from the tomb of Zenghouyi in Suixian County, Hubei Province, and two bamboo flutes were unearthed from the No.3 Han Tomb of Mawangdui in Changsha City, Hunan Province. The unearthed flutes and the Han flutes recorded in the ancient books were exactly the same in shape except for a slight discrepancy in their lengths; and the unearthed flutes were the same as those recorded in the records and the characters of "chi" were written on the bamboo cylinders inside the tombs, which are obviously the bamboo flutes of ancient times, and the ancient flutes and chi are very similar, which have been traditionally used for the flutes. The ancient Chi and flute were very similar, and some people did not distinguish Chi and flute and said that they were the same musical instrument, but in fact there was a difference. From the excavated Chi and flute, it can be seen that: Chi, with 6 holes and a closed mouth, can play five tones plus one changeable tone, and is fully lacquered; flute, with 7 holes and an open mouth, can play seven tones plus two changeable tones, and is not lacquered. During the Warring States period, the Chi was one of the main melodic instruments played during the sacrifices to the gods or feasts, and the flute was also very popular. In the Flute Fugue of Song Yu, a student of Qu Yuan, the flute in the south of the country at that time was also mentioned, which was very much similar to today's flute.

The flute in the Han Dynasty before the vertical flute, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the flute has become a vertical blowing xiao and horizontal blowing flute **** the same name, and continued for a long period of time. Han Wu Di, Zhang Qian through the Western Regions after the introduction of horizontal flute, also known as "horizontal blowing". It occupies an important position in the music of the Han Dynasty. Hunan Changsha Mawangdui No. 3 Han Tomb unearthed two bamboo flutes, both belong to the horizontal blowing class of flute instruments.

Beijing Dynasty, the flute is not only extremely common, but also development, shape, length, thickness and change. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty and Sui Dynasty, it began to have the name of "horizontal flute". In the later part of the Sui Dynasty, a ten-hole flute capable of playing chromatic scales appeared.

From the Tang Dynasty onwards, there was a difference between the large and small horizontal flutes. At the same time, the vertical flute was called the xiao, while the horizontal flute was called the flute. In the Tang Dynasty, Lu Cai made the "Shakuhachi", a vertical flute, which was introduced to Japan, and in the Shokurain Temple in Nara, the ancient capital, there are four horizontal flutes made in the Tang Dynasty in China. Among them, there are one tooth and one carved stone flute, and two bamboo flutes, which are of different lengths, but all of them have seven oval sound holes. Liu made a seven-star pipe flute with a membrane to help the sound, and was the first person to add a membrane to the flute.

In the Jin Dynasty already had a vertical flute, blowing the head with a wood, so that the gas from the gap through, shot to the two whistling holes in the edge of the Ling pronunciation.

Song flute system is diverse, there are forked hand flute, dragon neck flute, eleven holes of the small horizontal blowing, nine holes of the large horizontal flute, seven-hole jade flute and so on.

After the Yuan Dynasty, the flute was similar to the present one. Due to the prosperous development of opera, the flute became the accompanying instrument of many kinds of operas and was divided into two categories according to the kinds of operas accompanied by it: the bang flute and the qu flute.

In the 1960s, Zhao Songting invented the row flute, which was made by tying two to four flutes of different tunes together, expanding the range by more than three octaves, making the music rich in variations and easy to play.

The flute is a popular wind instrument in China, also known as the "bamboo flute" because it is made of natural bamboo.

The flute is made of a bamboo tube, which is knuckled inside and has a blow hole, a membrane hole and six tone holes on the body of the tube. The blowhole is the first hole of the flute, from which the airflow is blown in, causing the air inside the tube to vibrate and pronounce the sound. Membrane hole is the second hole of the flute, dedicated to paste the flute membrane, the flute membrane is made of reed membrane or bamboo membrane, the flute membrane vibration by the airflow, it will send out crisp and mellow music.

The flute is short and simple, but it has a history of seven thousand years. About 4,500 years ago, the flute was changed from bone to bamboo. At the end of the first century B.C., when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the flute was called "Hengbuki", and it occupied a very important position in the drum and wind music of that time. From the 7th century onwards, the flute was improved by the addition of membrane holes, which led to a great development of its expressive power, and the playing technique was also developed to a fairly high level. In the 10th century, with the rise of the Song and Yuan operas, the flute became the main instrument to accompany the chants and songs, and it was also an indispensable instrument in the bands of folk operas and ethnic minority dramas.

The expressive power of the flute is very rich, it can play long, high-pitched melody, but also can express the vast, broad mood, but also can play the joyful and gorgeous dance music and the graceful minor key. However, the expressive power of the flute does not only lie in the beautiful melody, it can also express various sounds of nature. For example, it imitates various bird calls and so on.

The flute is not only rich in playing skills, but it also has a variety of varieties, there are qu flutes, bang flutes, fixed-key flutes, keyed flutes, yuping flutes, seven-hole flutes, eleven-hole flutes and so on, and has formed the north and south of the two schools of a very different style.

Go for it, I hope you succeed soon!