How to treat patients with advanced liver cancer (what is the latest technology introduced from abroad at present?)

Surgical treatment is the traditional method of treating liver cancer. In recent years, due to the early diagnosis of liver cancer, localized diagnosis, tumor biology and the updating progress of several concepts of liver cancer surgery, especially with the means of comprehensive treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, the effect of surgical treatment of liver cancer has been significantly improved. They mainly include the following:

1, surgical resection treatment

2, intraoperative local treatments for unresectable liver cancer: ① intraoperative hepatic artery portal vein chemotherapy and ligation; ② injected chemotherapy with inserted injection pump; ③ intraoperative inserted microwave radiation therapy; ④ intraoperative cryotherapy; ⑤ intraoperative electrochemistry; ⑥ triamcinolone acetonide plus hepatic perfusion chemotherapy; and ⑦ sequential treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.

II. Radiotherapy

In recent years, with the research progress of radiophysics and radiophysiology, radiotherapy equipment has been developed, such as cobalt 60 gamma rays or X-rays of electron linear gas pedal, high-energy rays, etc. The irradiation method and range of liver cancer have been improved, from the original whole liver irradiation to local irradiation to whole liver mobile irradiation, to surgical localization local irradiation and ultra-divided irradiation. -The methods and scope of irradiation for liver cancer have also been improved, from the original whole liver irradiation to local irradiation to whole liver mobile irradiation, so as to improve the effect of liver cancer radiotherapy and reduce the side effects to the lowest level. It mainly includes external radiation therapy and internal radiation therapy.

Three. Chemotherapy

95 % of liver cancer patients have lost the chance of surgery at the time of diagnosis, and most of liver cancer patients also rely on chemotherapy. In the past, the evaluation of chemotherapy for liver cancer was not high, especially the systemic administration of chemotherapy had little effect, but in recent years, the route of administration of chemotherapy has been changed, and hepatic artery chemotherapy and embolization have been performed, so that the effect of chemotherapy for liver cancer has been significantly improved. At present, it is believed that cannula chemotherapy is better than systemic combination chemotherapy, and combination chemotherapy is better than single-agent chemotherapy. Hepatic artery cannulation chemotherapy is considered to be the best treatment for patients who are not suitable for surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

IV. Interventional radiology

Interventional radiology techniques of percutaneous luminal super-selective hepatic artery perfusion chemotherapy and embolization, which emerged in the 1980s and has been rapidly developed, play a crucial role.

These interventional radiologic techniques are essential for the treatment of both early-stage limited hepatocellular carcinoma and intermediate- and advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, as they are the decisive therapeutic methods.

V. Immunotherapy

China has tried BCG vaccine, bacillus subtilis, levamisole, tumor seedling, embryonic cells, thymosin, transfer factor, immune ribonucleic acid and so on, but all of them did not get obvious effect. In recent years, interferon, interleukin-II, lymphokine-activated killer cells have been used more frequently, which can improve the therapeutic effect of hepatocellular carcinoma to varying degrees when used alone or in combination with other therapies.

VI. Anhydrous alcohol injection

In recent years, there are many clinical reports on anhydrous alcohol injection under B ultrasound guidance in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. This treatment has obvious effect in shrinking the lesion, controlling and delaying the growth of the tumor, and it is commonly used in clinic because it does not require special conditions, simple operation method, few complications, little pain for patients, and low cost.

VII. Laser photodynamic therapy

The ultrasound-guided local laser irradiation of hepatocellular carcinoma and injection of chemotherapeutic drugs at the same time have achieved better results.

VIII. Ultrasound-guided microwave coagulation therapy

This kind of therapy is suitable for small hepatocellular carcinoma.

9. Guided therapy

Guided therapy is to use an antibody or compound with special affinity for liver cancer as "carrier", or guided by physical action such as magnetism, or guided by tumor vascular specificity such as iodine oil, and then with the tumor-killing "warhead" (radionuclide), which is used to kill liver cancer. Then it can be cross-linked with the tumor-killing "warheads" (radionuclide, chemotherapy drugs, toxic proteins, BRM, etc.) to achieve the purpose of killing more tumors and damaging less normal tissues.