What are the characteristics and practicality of ancient Chinese architecture?

1. Ancient Chinese architecture uses wood and masonry as the main building materials, and wood frame structure as the main structural method.

This structure is built by columns, beams, purlins and other main components, and the nodes between the components are matched by mortise and tenon, forming a flexible frame. In ancient China, there are three different types of wooden frames: the raised beam, the pierced bucket, and the well stem. The lifted beam style is called "lifted beam style" because the beams are lifted on the columns and the beams are lifted on top of the beams. Palace, altar temple, temple and other large buildings often use this structure. Wear bucket is used to wear the square to rows of columns through the connection up to become rows of frame, and then with square, purlin bucket and become, so it is called wear bucket type. Mostly used for residential and smaller buildings. Well dry type is made of wood cross-stacked, because of its enclosed space like a well and named. This structure is relatively primitive and simple, and is now rarely used except in a few forested areas. Wooden frame structure has many advantages, first of all, load-bearing and enclosure structure is clearly divided, the weight of the roof by the wooden frame to bear, the outer walls play a role in blocking the sun, heat insulation and cold, the inner walls play a role in dividing the indoor space. Since the walls are not load-bearing, this structure gives the building great flexibility. Secondly, conducive to earthquake prevention, seismic, wood frame structure is very similar to today's frame structure, due to the characteristics of the wood, and the structure of the frame used arch and mortise and tenon and have a number of expansion and contraction margin, so within certain limits can be reduced by the earthquake on the harm caused by the frame. "Walls fall down, the house does not collapse" is a graphic expression of the characteristics of this structure.

2, the layout of Chinese architecture has a concise organization

that is, the "room" as a unit to form a single building, and then a single building to form the courtyard, and then the courtyard as a unit to form a variety of forms of groups. In terms of single buildings, rectangular planes are the most common. In addition, there are also geometric planes such as circles, squares, and crosses. As a whole, most of the important buildings adopt a balanced and symmetrical approach, taking the courtyard as a unit and designing along the longitudinal and transverse axes, which, with the help of the organic combination of the building groups and the accentuation, makes the main building appear particularly grand and magnificent. Residential and landscape gardens, on the other hand, adopted the flexible layout of "due to the timing, on the location".

3, ancient Chinese architecture beautiful

Especially in the roof modeling is the most prominent, mainly in the form of hipped, hiatus, overhanging mountain, hard mountain, save the tip, roll shed.

Whether hipped or hipped roof, or hipped roof, is a large roof, looks stable and coordinated. The roof of the straight line and curve clever combination, the formation of upward slightly warped eaves, not only expanding the light surface, conducive to the drainage of rainwater, but also added to the building of the beauty of the flying light.

4, the ancient Chinese building decoration colorful

Including painted and carved. Painting has the function of decoration, sign, protection, symbol and so on. Paint pigment contains copper, which not only can prevent moisture, weathering and peeling, but also can prevent insects and ants. The use of colors is restricted, and the Ming and Qing dynasties stipulated that Zhu and yellow are the most noble and precious colors. Painting more in the internal and external eaves of the beam square, arch and indoor ceiling, algal wells and column head, composition and the shape of the components closely combined with the drawing of exquisite, colorful. Ming and qing dynasty beam square color painting is the most notable. Qing Dynasty color painting can be divided into three categories, namely, and seal color painting, spinning color painting and Su-style color painting.

Carving is an important part of the art of ancient Chinese architecture, including brick carvings on the walls, stone carvings on the pedestal stone railings, gold, silver, copper and iron and other architectural ornaments. The carving of the subject matter is very rich in content, there are animal and plant patterns, figures, drama scenes and historical legends and stories.

5, ancient Chinese architecture pay special attention to the coordination of the surrounding natural environment

The building itself is an environment for people to live, work, recreation, social activities, so not only the internal components should be considered with the coordination, but also pay special attention to the coordination of the surrounding natural environment. Chinese designers in the design are very concerned about the surrounding environment, the surrounding mountains and rivers, geographic features, climatic conditions, forest vegetation, etc., are to be carefully investigated and studied, and make sure that the architectural layout, form, color, etc. with the surrounding environment, thus constituting a large environmental space