What are the trends in world literature?

The phenomenon of comparative literature is not new in China, but it has not long emerged as a modern discipline in the country. In the history of comparative literature, all new theories and new schools come from the crisis of comparative literature, and each crisis triggers the emergence of new theories, new views, new methods and even new schools. When the French school was overly obsessed with factual evidence and was in crisis, the American school came into being, ushering in a turnaround for comparative literature. Now there are many problems in front of comparative literature, and comparative literature feels all kinds of crises, which may be the inevitable result of the development of comparative literature itself. Perhaps this is the inevitable result of the development of comparative literature itself. It is of great significance to put forward the Chinese school, and perhaps the second major turnaround in the history of comparative literature will come from it. The rise and prosperity of Chinese comparative literature is not a direct extension of the French and American schools. Although it has been greatly influenced by the world comparative literature, it has its own unique process of occurrence and development. Chinese Comparative Literature is based on Chinese cultural traditions, straddles East and West, and is dedicated to the study of heterogeneous cultures. Chinese comparative literature is the third stage of the development of world comparative literature, which strives to realize cross-cultural communication and maintain multiculturalism. Le Daiyun once put forward a conception: if the first stage of the development of comparative literature is mainly accomplished in France, the second stage is mainly accomplished in the United States, and if the third stage of the development of comparative literature will be characterized by the rise of East-West comparative literature and the reversion of the theory to the practice of literature, then, will its main achievement be in China? When Western comparative literature touches Eastern literature, or when Eastern scholars want to explore Eastern literature in comparison with Western literature, the biggest difficulty encountered first is the difference between Eastern and Western cultures. In the long course of human development, this cultural difference has formed a high wall far beyond the ability of literature itself to cross. The purpose of the Chinese scholars in establishing the Chinese School was to raise the flag of Oriental China after the French School and the American School, so that Oriental culture and literature could be put on the same plane with Western culture and literature, on an equal footing, and under the same conditions of comparison, differentiation, and exchanges. From the origin, Chinese people's comparative literature consciousness is not directly affected by the West, but in the context of Sino-foreign cultural exchanges, based on the intrinsic needs of Sino-foreign literary dialogue and literary innovation, which is the result of the interaction between internal and external forces. This means that there is a profound difference between Chinese comparative literature and Western comparative literature: Western comparative literature is carried out within the specific regional literature of Western literature, which is a kind of regional comparative literature in a long period of history; Chinese comparative literature happens in the background of world literature from the beginning, which crosses the East and West literature, and has a broader vision of world literature. When European and American comparative literature has been far less prosperous and developed in the mainstream of their academic culture, Chinese comparative literature has achieved a high degree of prosperity. At the turn of the century, the civilization of the earth also underwent profound changes. since the 1980s, with the introduction of communication satellites, the Internet and other new media, international exchanges and cooperation in various fields, such as politics, economy, military, culture, science and technology, have been further enhanced. The global time and space constraints have made the world a closely connected, interdependent and interlinked information whole, and the earth on which we live has become a "global village", with the "geographical space" of civilization replaced by "world space", and globalization has become a "world space". The "geographical space" of civilization has been replaced by the "world space", and globalization has become the most important feature of our time. Globalization has become an almost undefined and ubiquitous slogan, and many have come to refer to our era as the "age of globalization". The popular concept of globalization focuses on a historical process in which social factors and relationships expand spatially, and in which the way people behave, think, and the role of social forces take on an intercontinental character. The globalization of economy and technology and the consequent rapid circulation and collision of ideas, concepts and consciousness show that we have entered an unprecedented era. Globalization stems first and foremost from economic integration. The profound changes in economic life have greatly altered the structure and process of the subject of rule and governance, posing a serious challenge to the traditional political system, profoundly affecting the political life of mankind, and vigorously promoting the political development of mankind. At the same time, economic globalization has brought about cultural pluralism. Cultural pluralism is based on the premise of cultural individuality. Today, all ethnic groups interact with each other on the basis of economic development, and they also cherish the independence of their own cultural development and attach importance to the preservation and development of their own cultural spirit and characteristics. In this process, there is mutual attraction and integration of different cultures, as well as inevitable confrontation and rivalry between different cultures. While the international political society is multipolar, the cultures of the peoples of the world are also diversified. The global integration that was earlier manifested in the economic sphere has been escalating, further affecting the political and cultural life of mankind. As the role of culture in economic and political development becomes more and more prominent, the globalization of culture has become a focal point in the development of human civilization. Analyzing the impact of globalization on human culture and social life, and scientifically formulating strategies for cultural development in the context of globalization have become one of the most important issues in social development strategies at the turn of the century. Globalization has created both homogeneity and unity of cultures, and has also contributed to the coexistence of cultural pluralism. Without globalization, it would be difficult for cultures to generate the need for mutual understanding and communication. Because of globalization, there is an "other" outside of Western subjectivity. The emergence of Eastern culture as a force in contrast to the West has made cultural pluralism possible. The globalization of culture has given the cultures of various nationalities the opportunity to communicate with each other, to intermingle with each other, and to develop together, and many exotic cultural qualities have infiltrated into the native culture of nationalities, thus contributing to the development of national cultures. The advent of the era of globalization constitutes a certain impact on national literature, while comparative literature is placed in a more open multicultural context, which brings new opportunities for the development of the discipline of comparative literature in the future. The intercultural and interdisciplinary nature of Comparative Literature makes it more suitable for communicating different cultural systems in a fluid and open globalized context, making it possible for constructive dialogue between Western and Eastern cultures. We can make maximum use of the opportunities brought about by globalization to develop our national literature. Globalization advocates China's opening up to the world and "bringing in and bringing out", which is conducive to utilizing the wisdom of other countries and nations to promote the development of the Chinese nation. Some people believe that globalization will cause national cultures to lose their individuality and dissolve into heterogeneous cultures. Of course, such a danger does exist. As all countries and peoples enter into an unprecedented process of closely interconnected development, it is inevitable that many things will be lost in the process of globalization. In the process of globalization, the hegemony and self-confidence of the strong cultures are exposed, while the helplessness and embarrassment of the weak cultures also come to the surface. However, we should not regard it as a plague and avoid it; it is both a challenge and an opportunity. Narrow cultural isolationism and separatism will only lead to the closure and decline of our own culture. Humanity is experiencing an unprecedented new . Comparative culture should be more committed to promoting the development of cultural pluralism, strengthening understanding and tolerance among people, and opening up and broadening various ways of communication. Under the context of cultural globalization, the basic feature of comparative literature research is cross-cultural research, which takes the new humanistic spirit as the guiding ideology, and carries out cross-cultural comparative literature research in an effective dialogue mode based on the principle of "harmony and difference". Cross-cultural comparative literature research transcends the heterogeneity of Eastern and Western cultures, realizes the ecological balance of human cultures through mutual knowledge and complementarity, improves the human cultural environment, and realizes the ***sharing and ***having of the cultural resources of various nationalities. At the turn of the century, the differences and conflicts of different cultures are becoming more and more obvious, and comparative literature shoulders the historical responsibility of enhancing mutual understanding and communication between cultures and promoting the exchange of world literature. With the goal of "difference***survival and mutual respect", intercultural exchanges and cooperation on the basis of equal dialogues***build the multiculturalism of human beings, realize the ecological balance of human cultures, improve the cultural environment of human beings, and realize the***sharing of cultural resources of various nationalities, this is the ideal and goal pursued by the Institute of Intercultural Comparative Literature. Across the heterogeneous cultures of China and the West, literary collision, cultural infiltration, literary misinterpretation, and the search for such heterogeneous cultures across the literary dialogue, literary communication, and historical relics of literary concepts of convergence, integration and reconstruction, this is the Chinese School of Comparative Literature presented the "cross-cultural research" of the basic features. In view of this, the Chinese school should firstly provide the international field of comparative literature with the knowledge of Chinese literature's ethnicity, region and locality, and on the basis of which, it should search for the roots of today's Chinese literary creation practice. Chinese culture, as an important part of Eastern culture, shoulders a great historical mission, and the study of Chinese comparative literature should focus on promoting the achievements of Chinese culture and literary research to the world, and bringing the best part of Chinese culture to people all over the world to ****enjoy and ****have. At the same time, in the context of cultural globalization, the Chinese culture itself can also draw nourishment from other cultures and develop itself continuously, which is also of great significance to the *** building of the multiculturalism of mankind. Chinese comparative literature, which is founded on Chinese cultural traditions, will certainly promote exchanges and dialogues among different national cultures, accelerate the realization of cross-cultural communication, safeguard multiculturalism, and contribute to the construction of a multipolar and balanced world. References:[1] Gao Changjiang. 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[9] Yue Feng: The Chinese School of Comparative Jiao Studies in the context of multiculturalism [Jl. Journal of Yancheng Normal College (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 2003 (2). [10] Zhang Fengjuan. Comparative Literature Research under the Language of Cultural Globalization" J]. Yunnan Normal University Journal (Teaching and Research of Chinese as a Foreign Language), 2003(5).