The golden age from the traditional perspective

Politics: in Song Dynasty, the civil service system was established, and a large number of talents were selected by the imperial examination, so the politics was relatively clear;

Economically: the economic center of gravity has shifted to the south, and agriculture (Suzhou and Shanghai run through the world, etc. ), handicraft industry (textile and porcelain shipbuilding) and commodity economy (jiaozi, urban commerce, etc. );

Science and technology: the three great inventions represented by printing technology lead the world in science and technology and have a far-reaching impact on world civilization and European historical development; Navigation, shipbuilding, medicine, technology and agronomy all reached unprecedented heights in the Song Dynasty. In the field of astronomy, the Song Dynasty also made brilliant achievements. In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, Yang Zhongfu formulated the Unified Calendar, and Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan was praised by the west as the earliest scientific encyclopedia in the world.

Culture: After the Tang Dynasty, various literary forms, such as prose, drama, acrobatics, music, poetry, novel painting, calligraphy, etc. , has been highly developed. Traditional Confucianism developed in the Song Dynasty, forming "Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism", and literature and art also presented a magnificent scene. Among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, the Song Dynasty accounted for six. Song Lian in Ming Dynasty once said, "Since Qin Dynasty, civilization has flourished in Song Dynasty."

Foreign exchange: the Maritime Silk Road will strengthen exchanges with Asia and Africa and promote the exchange of world civilization.

In a word, the political stability, relative clarity, economic prosperity, advanced agriculture, handicrafts and commodity economy, advanced scientific and technological innovation and developed foreign exchanges in the Song Dynasty are brilliant pages in the history of world civilization.