Terracotta Warriors and Horses information and overview who can tell me

Overview

The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin is located at the foot of Mount Li, east of the city of Lintong in Lintong County, which is more than 30 kilometers away from Xi'an. According to the history books: Qin Shi Huang started to build the mausoleum from the age of 13 when he took the throne, with the planning and designing of Li Si and the supervision of Zhang Han, the general, the construction took 38 years, and the magnitude of the project and the grandeur of the grandeur of the project set a precedent for the lavish and generous burials of feudal rulers in the past generations. At that time, the Qin dynasty total population of about 20 million, and the mausoleum construction labor as many as 720,000 people. Repair mausoleum home soil, taken from today's mausoleum 2,000 meters south of the village of three Liu to the county quarry between the Department of 5 to 25 meters high, multi-level loess cliffs. Repair the mausoleum with a large number of stone taken from the Wei River north of Zhongshan, Jun E Mountain, all rely on manpower transport to the Lin bump, the project is very difficult.

Qin Shi Huang mausoleum mound height of 43 meters, the bottom edge of the circumference of more than 1,700 meters, built inside and outside the two rammed earth city wall, symbolizing the capital of the Imperial City and Palace City. The inner city is slightly square, circumference of 3890 meters, in addition to the north side of the two gates, the remaining three sides of the opening of a gate. The outer city is rectangular, circumference of 6,294 meters, each of the four sides open a gate. The location of the mausoleum home is in the south of the mausoleum.

The Qin Shi Huang Barrel Pit is the burial pit of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, which is located at the east side of the Mausoleum l 500 meters. In the past, this is a cemetery, local farmers in digging graves had found something like a person. 1974 March, in the mausoleum east of the villagers of Xiyang village drought wells, in the mausoleum to the east of the three miles between the village of the next and the village and the five raa village, found the magnificent scale of the Qin Shihuang mausoleum barrel pits, by the archaeologists of the excavation, only to unveil the buried underground more than 2,000 years ago, Qin terracotta warriors treasures.

The first emperor of Qin Shihuang soldiers barrel burial pit sitting west to east, three pits were zigzag arrangement. The earliest discovery is the first terracotta pit, is rectangular, east-west length of 230 meters, north-south width of 62 meters, about 5 meters deep, a total area of 14,260 square meters, four sides of the sloped doorway, the left and right sides of the terracotta warriors and horses and a pit, now known as the second pit and the third pit.

The Terracotta Warriors and Horses burial pit of Qin Shi Huang is the world's largest underground military museum. Poke pit layout reasonable, peculiar structure, in the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, every 3 meters erected a east-west load-bearing wall, terracotta warriors and horses arranged in the gap between the wall over the hole.

More than 500 pieces of warrior pokes, six chariots, 24 driving horses, bronze swords, Wu hooks, spears, arrows, crossbows, bronze halberds, and other bronze and iron weapons used in actual combat have been unearthed in Pit One. Terra-cotta pit east end of 210 with people as high as the ceramic warrior figurines, facial demeanor, clothing, hairstyle varies, each lifelike, realistic, lined up in three horizontal columns, each column of 70 people, in addition to three leaders dressed in pin armor, the rest of them are wearing a short brown, legs tie wrapped legs, line shoe tie, helmet free hair, bow and arrow, hand-held crossbow, like standby to set off the vanguard troops. After that, is 6000 armor figurines composed of the main body of the force, each hand holding about 3 meters long spear, go, halberd and other long weapons, with 35 team horse chariot interval in 11 east-west over the hole, in line with the 38 road column. North and south sides and ends, each with a line of warrior figurines, seems to be the guard, in order to prevent the side of the tail was attacked. This team lineup, well-equipped, majestic, magnificent, is the first emperor of Qin Shi Huang when the vast army of artistic reproduction, has a strong artistic influence.

The second pit is located in the northeast side of the first pit and the east side of the third pit, was curved square, 96 meters long east-west, north-south width of 84 meters, a total area of about 6,000 square meters. Pit building and the first pit is the same, but more complex layout, more complete military, is the most spectacular of the three pits in the military formation. The second pit built 17,000 square meters of display hall, is currently China's largest and most functional modern site display hall. Yuan Zhongyi, the official director of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum, explains, "Firstly, in order to better protect the cultural relics, and secondly, because it takes at least five to seven years of work to clear the entire military formation all the way out of the ground. The advantage of this is that tourists can both visit the second pit localized style, there can see the excavation of the second pit."

According to preliminary projections, the second pit has more than 1,300 pieces of terracotta figurines and horses, more than 80 chariots, tens of thousands of pieces of bronze weaponry, including generals terracotta warriors, terracotta saddle horse figurines, kneeling shooting terracotta warriors for the first time found. The second pit east and west ends each have four slopes doorway, the north side has two slopes doorway, terracotta pit sitting west to east, the main door in the east. The layout of the pit is divided into four units.

The first unit, located in the east end of the terracotta pit, surrounded by a gallery of vertical crossbow figurines 60, the center of the formation by the eight road east of 160 squatting and kneeling crossbow figurines. Crossbow soldiers to take the formation of the formation, standing, kneeling and undulating rounds of shooting, to make up for the slow crossbow.

The second unit, located in the right side of the terracotta pit, composed of 64 by chariot square (car system wooden, only remains). Each column of 8, *** there are 8 columns. In front of the car driving a real horse-sized ceramic horse 4. After each car lined up 3 terracotta warriors, in the imperial hand pulling the bridle, the other two were standing in the car on the left and right, holding a long-handled weapon.

The third unit, located in the center, consists of 19 chariots, 264 infantrymen figurines and 8 knights figurines in a rectangular formation, **** divided into 3 columns. In front of each horse stands a knight figurine, one hand holding the reins of the horse, one hand as a bow. Behind each carriage, in addition to three carriage soldiers, there are also 8~36 infantry figurines.

The fourth unit, located on the left side of the military formation, 108 knight figurines and 180 ceramic saddle horse figurines in 11 horizontal columns, forming a rectangular cavalry formation. Among them, the 1st and 3rd columns are 6 chariots. In front of each horse, there stands a figurine of a hu-suit rider, holding the horse with his right hand and drawing a bow with his left hand.

The third pit in the west end of the first pit 25 meters, an area of about 520 square meters, in the shape of a concave. There is a chariot in front of the gate, containing 68 warrior figurines. From the layout of pit 3, it seems to be the general headquarters, commanding the left, right and center of the army, just not built.

The fourth pit has pit without figurines, only backfill soil.

From the layout and formation of the 2 pits, the second pit has a complex formation with a full range of soldiers, which is the backbone of the pair. This kind of organization method is called "big formation wrapping small formation, big camp wrapping small camp, even fall hook link, folding and curving relative." Sun Bin's Art of War" says: "in the riding and the war, divided into three, one is on the right, one is on the left, easy to be more than its car, dangerous to be more than its riding, the opposite is wide of its crossbow", the three organic combination, in order to be unscathed in a hundred battles. The second pit is a theoretical illustration of this ancient militarist.

From the terracotta warrior pit unearthed weapons inscribed years, terracotta warriors and horses from the burial pits are built before and after the unification of China by Qin Shi Huang. Qin Shi Huang, with his ability to "wield the sword to break the floating clouds" and "ride the group of talents with a great strategy", destroyed six countries and united the world. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses reflect the strength and power of the Qin Dynasty. After the death of Qin Shi Huang, the second Qin Hu Hai succeeded to the throne, continued to repair the Afang Palace and relaxation of the road, the tax and corvée is more burdensome than before, which caused the peasants to revolt. In this form, the third pit ended halfway, the fourth pit before the terracotta warriors and horses were put, it was hastily filled in. Excavations found traces of fire burning, may be related to the king of Chu Ba into the fire A Fang Palace.

In 1961, the State Council of the People's Republic of China **** and the State Council of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum as a national cultural relics key protection units. 1987, the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit was approved by UNESCO to be included in the "World Heritage List". In the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit No. 1 site of the arch-shaped exhibition hall, set up the "Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin Shi Huang," open to Chinese and foreign tourists.

Cultural Heritage

One of the World's Largest Imperial Tombs The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is one of the world's largest, most peculiarly structured, and richest imperial tombs, and is in fact a luxurious underground palace.

The eighth miracle of the world Foreign heads of state and scholars visiting the Museum of Qin Terracotta Warriors believe that the discovery of the pit of Qin Terracotta Warriors is not only in our country, but also a major discovery in the history of the world's archaeology, and it can be said to be the world's eighth miracle, which can be compared with the Egyptian pyramids and the sculptures of Ancient Greece, and it is recognized as a valuable treasure of the world's human culture.

Shocking archaeological discoveries in China and abroad In 1974, Chinese archaeologists unearthed more than 7,000 pieces of pottery pokes that had been sleeping for thousands of years, which was considered a miracle of antiquity and the most spectacular archaeological discovery of the century. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin, rare in the world in terms of quantity, quality, and archaeological discoveries, provide extremely valuable physical materials for the in-depth study of the military, politics, economy, culture, science, and art of the Qin Dynasty in the second century B.C. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin are the most important cultural artifacts of the Qin Dynasty in the world. It is both the Chinese people's art treasures, but also the world's people *** with cultural heritage.

Treasure trove of ancient clay art The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang are shaped by real life as the subject matter, the artistic approach is delicate, bright, gestures, facial expressions of different demeanor, with distinctive personalities and strong characteristics of the times, showing the peak of the art of clay sculpture, the Chinese nation's splendid ancient culture to add luster, to the world's history of art to supplement the glory of a glorious page.