Information about Coubertin

Coubertin, a famous French educator and founder of the modern Olympic movement. Born on 1 month 1 day 1863. His outstanding achievements are mainly in student education and social competitive sports.

In May 1888, Coubertin proposed that "the only solution is to ask children to play" in response to students' "academic overwork". In May 1889, he used the World Expo to hold a sports conference and student sports meeting. In 1892, he called for the revival of the Olympic movement. Later, the Olympic Committee was established in June 1894, and the first Olympic Games was held in Athens in 1896. Now the Olympics has become a world-scale sports event, and the Olympic spirit he advocated has spread all over the world. Because of his immortal contribution to the Olympics, he is known as the "Father of the Olympics".

Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, is known as the "Father of the Modern Olympics" and advocated the Olympic spirit throughout his life. Born in Paris, France on August 0, 1986, he served as the president of the International Olympic Committee from 1896 to 925, and was also the designer of the Olympic emblem and Olympic flag. Coubertin was not only a world-famous international sports activist, but also an accomplished educator and historian. The former residence of Lebaron Pierre Coubertin, President of the Second International Olympic Committee, is at the Chateau de Millville in Normandy, France. There is a sign at the door of the castle that reads "Father of the Modern Olympics and Educator" , historian Pierre Coubertin: 1863—1937.

Coubertin was born into a French aristocratic family and held the title of baron. Since childhood, he has been fond of aristocratic sports, such as fencing, rowing, horse riding, and boxing. His father, Charles de Coubertin, was a famous painter.

Coubertin made outstanding achievements in social competitive sports. In 1892, he called for the revival of the Olympic movement. After that, the International Olympic Committee was established in June 1894, and the 1th Olympic Games was held in Athens in 1896, and he began his life as a sports activist. Now the Olympics has become a world-scale sports event, and the Olympic spirit he advocated has spread all over the world. Because of his immortal contribution to the Olympics, he is known as the "Father of the Olympics". In 1924, Coubertin resigned from his position as chairman of the Olympic Committee after 28 years. On September 2, 1937, when this great heart stopped beating, the whole world was moved.

life

Coubertin was born in 1863 in a Catholic aristocratic family in Paris, France. His father was a royalist bureaucrat, and his mother was engaged in charity and a devout Christian. Coubertin was the youngest child in his family. From his youth, he had a wide range of interests in sports, including boxing, rowing, fencing, and horse riding. He has been smart, diligent and studious since he was a child. After studying abroad, he admired the erudite rhetoric teacher Father Caron. For this reason, he had a strong interest in literature and history courses, and dabbled in the splendid culture of ancient Greece with great interest. After graduating from high school, he attended the Military Academy and then studied education. In order to pursue further studies, he went to the UK to study. There, he devoted himself to studying the history of British education and wrote academic papers on the educational thoughts of Thomas Arnott, a British child educator in the 8th century. Arnott once said: Sports is an activity for youth self-education. This famous saying aroused the spark of devotion to physical education in Coubertin's mind. At that time, he also examined the current situation of education and sports in the UK, and expressed great appreciation for the physical education classes, extracurricular sports activities and regular outings in schools there. He hoped that physical education classes could also be set up in French schools to cultivate students' collectivism and hard work. The spirit of exercise and strengthening the body. At that time, he was deeply saddened by France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, and hoped to revitalize France by reforming education and enhancing people's physical fitness.

Under the influence of ancient Greek culture and the British bourgeois education at that time, he gradually developed the idea of ??reforming the French education system and advocating sports. After graduating from college, Coubertin did not listen to his parents' advice and got involved in the military and legal circles, and resolutely chose the path of education and sports.

After returning to China, he successively published "History of France after 1870", "Reform of the Education System", "Guiding Principles of Sports", "Ideals of Sports Psychology", "Memories of Britain and Greece", "British Education" A series of works such as "Learning" put forward many suggestions for reforming education and developing sports, which attracted the attention of the French people and had a certain international influence.

Between 1875 and 1881, with the efforts of European archaeologists, the ruined and immortal ruins of the ancient Olympic Games were continuously excavated, and the results of the excavation were quickly announced every year. Therefore, Coubertin, like other people interested in Olympia, could listen to the announcement in time and detail. In this regard, he proposed a very valuable excavation plan. At that time he wrote: "The Germans have excavated the ruins of Olympia, but why can't France begin to restore her ancient glorious history?"

In order to realize his ambition, Coubertin crossed the English Channel westward and inspected the development of British sports. In 1887, he made a report on "Comparison of French and British Secondary Education Systems". He spoke highly of the British inclusion of outdoor competitive games into educational content, and advocated that competitive games should also be carried out among French students, with sports as the focus. to reform education. In May 1988, Coubertin proposed that the problem of students being overworked due to overloaded studies was: "The only solution is to let children play." That year, Coubertin became the secretary-general of the French School Sports Training Preparatory Committee. The following year, under the promotion of Saint Clair, the "French Sports Federation" was established. In the same year, Coubertin represented France at the Sports Training Conference held in Boston, USA. During the meeting, he further understood the dynamics of world sports development and keenly felt that the development of modern sports is moving towards internationalization, and a number of international individual sports federations have been established one after another. For example, the "International Gymnastics Federation" was established in 1881, and the "International Rowing Federation" and "International Skating Federation" were established in 11892. These organizations laid the foundation for the birth of the modern Olympic Games.

In order to further investigate the development of sports in various countries, Coubertin took great pains to visit some European countries. In 1890, he visited Olympia, Greece, for the first time in his life, the birthplace of the Olympic movement. When he saw the ruins of the ancient Olympic Games, he was very moved and came up with the idea of ??holding an Olympic Games participated by all countries, hoping to enhance the friendship between athletes from various countries.

This year, Coubertin was entrusted by the French government to investigate and study the sports work of universities. Therefore, he took the opportunity to issue a sports status survey form to many countries in the world. Through investigation, he found that various international sports organizations are full of contradictions and confusions, the antagonism is very serious, and sports are becoming increasingly commercialized. This made him realize that the historical experience and traditional influence of ancient Greek sports can be used to promote international sports. At the same time, he deeply felt that the modern Olympic Games should be founded as soon as possible in the spirit of the ancient Olympics, with "unity, friendship, and peace." "" spirit to guide the competition in order to eliminate all kinds of chaotic and unhealthy tendencies in the field of sports. As a result, he actively embarked on the work of creating the modern Olympic Games.

In 1891, Coubertin reorganized the "Uly Simon Committee" into the "High Council of Sports". In the same year, he also founded the magazine "Sports Review", which he used as a basis to enthusiastically promote his sports ideas. At that time, Father Didon, an admirer of Coubertin, founded an academic club and put forward the slogan "Faster, Higher, Stronger". Coubertin admired and agreed with this slogan very much, and later used it as the slogan of the International Olympic Games. Because it embodies the human spirit of always improving and making progress.

On August 25, 1992, Coubertin delivered a speech entitled "Revival of the Olympics" at a meeting commemorating the third anniversary of the establishment of the "French Sports Federation". He formally proposed the founding of the modern Olympic Games for the first time. Olympic Games Initiative.

In order to realize this initiative quickly, Coubertin proposed that the "French Sports Federation" initiate and convene an "international sports conference" attended by representatives of important "sports federations" from all over the world to discuss specifically the matter of reviving the Olympic Games. To this end, a "preparatory committee" was established headed by Coubertin and composed of well-known figures from the UK, the United States and France. Later, he traveled across the oceans to Britain, the United States and other countries to further publicize his ideas for reviving the Olympic Games. . Under his promotion, an international sports consultative conference was held in Paris in 1893 to discuss the establishment of the modern Olympic Games.

After years of hard work and careful preparation by Coubertin and his colleagues, the "Congress for the Restoration of the Olympic Games" was successfully held in Paris from June 8 to 24, 1994. 79 official representatives from 12 European and American countries attended the meeting. At this historic meeting, the Charter for the Restoration of the Olympic Movement was unanimously adopted, defining the purpose of the modern Olympic Games and stipulating that only amateur athletes were allowed to participate. In order to prepare for the modern Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee, the permanent leadership body of the Olympic Games, was also formally established. The famous Greek poet Ze Vikelas was elected as the first chairman, and Coubertin was elected as the secretary-general. The meeting also decided that the first modern Olympic Games would be held in Greece in April 1896. From now on, according to the tradition of the ancient Olympic Games, it will be held every four years.

In August 1894, Coubertin once again conducted an on-site inspection of the Olympia area. In order to save money and facilitate transportation, he canceled his plan to hold the Games in Olympia and decided to build a new stadium in Athens that could accommodate 5,000 spectators in the style of ancient Greece to host the first modern Olympic Games. After Coubertin's many efforts and efforts, and with the funding of the wealthy Greek businessman George Avirov, the first Olympic Games was successfully held in Athens on April 5, 1896.

Coubertin demanded that the Games be held around the world and opposed Greece as the permanent venue for the Games. He believes that the glorious history of the ancient Olympic Games belongs to the Greek nation and all mankind. Only by spreading it widely in different countries and regions and becoming an international event can the Olympic spirit be carried forward and have more vitality.

In order to defend the purity of the Olympic spirit, Coubertin published his masterpiece "Ode to Sports" during the Stockholm Olympic Games in 1912. He sang about sports enthusiastically and expressed his Olympic ideals. For this, he won the gold medal in the literary and art competition of the Olympic Games.

In 1913, Coubertin carefully designed the flag for the International Olympic Committee, which is a white borderless flag with five colored rings of blue, black, red, yellow and green in the middle. It symbolizes the unity of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from all over the world at the Olympic Games with fair, frank competition and a spirit of goodwill.

In addition, Coubertin also opened up the field of sports psychology in sports. He has published famous works such as "Treatise on Sports Psychology" (1913 years) and "Competitive Sports Pedagogy" (1919 years). He also published his opinions on sports classification, which provided a good foundation for sports academics. research has made its own contribution.

From 1896 to 1925, Baron Coubertin served as President of the International Olympic Committee. Responsible for the leadership of the organization. During his tenure, the number of IOC members grew from 14 to 40. At the same time, with his support, more than 20 international special sports federations were established. In 1924, due to his old age, he voluntarily resigned from his 28-year position as president of the International Olympic Committee, but he was appointed as a lifetime honorary president.

13 years later (that is, September 2, 1937), Baron Coubertin died of heart disease in Lausanne at the age of 74. In accordance with his last wish, Coubertin's body was buried in Lausanne, Switzerland, and his heart was buried in Olympia, the birthplace of the ancient Greek Olympics. He hopes that even after he is laid to rest underground, his heart can still beat with the pulse of the Olympic movement.

Important events

1863-1937 Born in France, died in Geneva

1894-1925 serves as a member of the International Olympic Committee

1894-1896 serves as Secretary-General of the International Olympic Committee

1896-1925 Served as the second president of the International Olympic Committee

1925 Retired as Honorary President of the International Olympic Committee

later generations' evaluation

Strictly speaking, Pierre de Coubertin's major was not sports. Because he recognized the importance of sports and the role of sports in education, he set the ambition to save the country through education and sports, and was determined to save the country through education and sports. Make unremitting efforts to revive the Olympic movement and strive for its development throughout your life.

Coubertin encountered many difficulties in reviving the Olympic movement, but his determination to develop sports never wavered. He is persevering and hardworking. In 1896, the first Olympic Games was almost aborted due to financial difficulties. He went to Athens in person, met with the Prime Minister and the Crown Prince, and worked day and night to find a way, and finally it was successfully held. The second Paris Olympics was held at the same time as the World Expo, causing conflicts between the two. Coubertin was forced to resign and was ridiculed and reviled from time to time, but he endured the humiliation and never lost heart. He began the work of reviving the Olympic Games from the age of 20 in 1883 until his death on September 2, 1937, and spent 54 years fighting for the Olympic movement. Regardless of his family's unhappiness and difficulties, he personally handled all the work, no matter how big or small: documents, publicity, design patterns... He traveled around to contact all parties, made friends to win support, worked hard, and put in all his energy. His achievements are immortal.

Coubertin was very principled. He insisted that the Olympic Games belonged to the world and should be held in different cities around the world. The Greeks believed that the Olympic Games belonged to Greece and Athens should be the permanent venue for the Olympic Games. Because of Coubertin's insistence on principles, the Olympic Games are as glorious as they are today. Coubertin's unswerving insistence on the principles of peace, friendship, and the purpose of progress, the principle of opposing discrimination and upholding equality, the combination of the Olympics and culture and education, the harmonious development of people, and the reverse representation system have now become The remarkable results are written into the Olympic Charter.