Collection history of Tibetan Dao

Tibetan Dao enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad for its unique national characteristics in modeling and technology. The following is a carefully compiled history of Tibetan Dao collection for you. Let's have a look.

Tibetan Dao Collection History Tibetans live in Tibet, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places in western China. They are a powerful and militant nation with a long history and cultural tradition, and were previously called Tubo. It is a custom for Tibetans to wear swords for thousands of years. Tibetan long Dao is not only an important weapon in the war, but also a representative of personal identity and class. What is the Tibetan name of ordinary Tibetan Dao? Straight man? , the official sabre call? Xie lang? . Tibetan knives have a history of nearly 2000 years in Tibet. As early as the first century A.D., Tubo mastered the smelting technology of copper, iron and silver, and forged broadsword and armor in the Gongzampu era (Zampa, the eighth generation of Tubo, presumed to be 1-2 century A.D.). When Princess Wencheng entered Tibet in the 7th century A.D., she was accompanied by a large number of 300 kinds of precious classics, 60 kinds of architectural technical works and a large number of craftsmen, including smelters and sword makers. The advanced technology brought by these craftsmen has played a great role in the development of Tubo cold weapon manufacturing industry.

Under the influence of Han and Tang dynasties, Tibetan cold weapons laid the basic form. From the perspective of Tibetan long Dao, its shape inherits the style of han dao. Tibetan knives are all straight-edged, single-edged, arc-pointed, ridged and compound forged. These features are very similar to those of han dao and Tang Dragon Dao unearthed, but the only difference is that there is a ring on the tip of han dao's knife.

Tangdao still inherited the style of han dao in the early Tang Dynasty, and after the mid-Tang Dynasty, it absorbed the ethnic styles such as Turks and eventually became tangdao, and moved eastward to influence Japan, becoming the ancestor of Japanese Dao.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Tubo and Tibet had a history of border wars with the Tang Dynasty for nearly a hundred years. War is the biggest communication platform to promote the development of cold weapons and mutual learning. This is the first time that Tibetans have learned about the weapon culture of the Central Plains from the war.

The Tibetan iron and steel craft develops with the production demand of daily necessities and a large number of production tools, and the vigorous development of religious art also promotes the continuous progress and perfection of metal crafts in Tibetan areas. Song Shen Guo's "Meng Qian Bi Tan-Qing Tang Lu" also recorded Tibetan forging? Scorpion armor? Skills (? Qingtang is good at forging armor, with iron color and black hair. ,? Fifty paces, strong crossbows can't get in? ,? Every method of forging armor is very thick at first, and it is cold forging without fire. Three points thicker than before, two points thicker. At its end, the tendon head may not be forged, but it looks like a wart. If it is not forged, the thickness should be checked, such as leaving bamboo shoots in the river, it is called a wart. ? )。

It is an important metal hardening method to improve the hardness and toughness of metals by cold deformation. The Tibetan cold forging technology in Song Dynasty is very advanced and scientific, which shows that Tibetan craftsmen have fully mastered the cold forging technology and exquisite smelting technology, and believe that the weapons manufacturing in the same period is also very sophisticated. Song Shizai? Soldiers in Fan Bing belong to different tribes under the disguise of members, and they unite to become soldiers who consider themselves obstacles. ? Fan Bing was one of the four frontier soldiers in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is composed of Qiang and Tubo, who belong to Song Dynasty, at the junction of Song and Xixia, and stationed in Hezhou, Huangzhou, Lanzhou and Zhou Min.

It shows that the cold weapon culture of Tibet was studied for the second time in the Song Dynasty and the Central Plains, and its own evolution. Tibetan Dao learned straight Dao in Han and Tang Dynasties, and adopted Song Like Sword with Ruyi head, which has been preserved to this day. Similarly, Tibetan spears have fully studied the spears made in the Song Dynasty. Some characteristics of spears in Wu Jing Zong Yao in Song Dynasty were fully reflected in Tibetan spears, and some of them have been preserved to this day.

Second, the appearance characteristics

"Historical Records" The first Sino-Tibetan? Tubo king Wang Tong? And then what? How is the sword spread in Tubo? Two sections describe in detail the lines and characteristics of different Tibetan knives in Tibet: The types of swords are divided into (Han swords, mostly with thick tips and narrow handles; ), Sobo (the sword in Sobo area has a sharp handle, which means like the leaves of a pine tree; ), Tiger brand (Mongolian sword, the sword has a flashing green light, which means a green snake chased by Dapeng), Gus (the sword of the nine brothers of Gus, flashing white light, which means a soaked poplar branch; ), Jiare (the sword in Jiayu Luozha area is vigorous and sharp, which means like a tiger running on the grassland). ? The book Historical Records of Han and Zang was written in Yongxuan period of Ming Dynasty, which shows that hide the sword forging had a complete system and genre in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and it was recorded in detail, which is rare in the history of ancient cold weapons in China. The author collects Tibetan cold weapons in Tibetan areas all the year round. After analyzing the different characteristics of decoration, forging and fittings, and comparing with the contents recorded in historical books, it is found that Tibetan cold weapons can basically be described in historical books. For example, the ancient book said that Jiare Jian has tiger stripes, but it is actually a rotary welding forging knife in Tibetan Dao, and the stripes described in the ancient book are like poplar branches. In fact, many forged blades in Kangba Dao have such forged lines, and the descriptions in ancient books are mostly anthropomorphic or quasi-physical. A careful comparison with existing objects can restore the truth of history.

1) Kangba Dao is mainly spread in Weizang, Ganzi, Sichuan and Tibetan areas in Yunnan. Gorgeous decoration, gold-plated body, handle like a cloud with a small head, decorated with coral turquoise. The sheath adopts U-shaped iron frame with wood lining, the wood lining is wrapped with leather, and the tail of the sheath is decorated with silver balls.

(2) Amdo Dao is mainly spread in Qinghai, Gansu and Aba Tibetan areas in Sichuan. The cloud head of Amdo Dao has a special shape. The cloud head is flat, long and sharp from left to right, and there is no circle in Kangba area. The scabbard is mostly wrapped in wood, and the upper and lower ends are decorated with silver skin, full of flowers and inlaid with precious stones.

3) Loba knives are popular in Shannan, Linzhi, Milin, Kampot Jiangda and other places. The head of the knife is decorated with diamond-shaped iron inlaid with copper, and the mouth is round, which is different from Amdo and Kangba. The blade is generous, the sheath is wrapped in wood and leather, and some knives are beautifully decorated with iron and gold parts.

Loba Dao and Kampot Dao are actually a kind of Tibetan Dao. 1904, 1 year, the British invaded Tibet, in the famous? Jiang Zi defended the war? The Tibetan people have shown extraordinary fighting courage and determination, and now Nanni Temple has a tribute knife? Mei Duo? The owner's name is Adanima Zaba. He and his younger brother led the Kampot militia to kill the enemy heroically in Nanni Temple and finally died heroically. In this battle, the British artillery commander Zan Sahai even armed himself with a gun. Mei Duo? Split in two, 15 British soldiers were hacked to death. The British doctor said with emotion:? The bravery of Tibetans is unparalleled in the world. ?

4) Toast noble Dao has a special shape, which is quite different from ordinary Tibetan Dao. Sabre is well-made, with obvious religious symbols in the decoration. The head of the knife is round and cloud-shaped, and it is gold-plated as a whole, decorated with grass patterns in the Tang Dynasty. Side? Hey? (Tibetan name: Yongzhong, an ancient religious symbol, representing the sun), the original inlay of the jewel seat of the blade head was lost, and the handle was wrapped with shark skin. The shape of the hand guard of the knife is completely different from that of the ordinary Tibetan knife, which is very special. It takes the shape of a circular armguard, made of iron and covered with leather. c？ U-shaped bronzing decorative strip, decorated with tangled branches, decorated with petals bronzing, used on blanks? Draw it? The blackening process makes the overall iron background black, highlighting the decorative effect of gold petals. In the center of the disc stopper, there is a gemstone inlaid seat with turquoise. Between the jewel seat and the handle, there is a small skull pattern with gold, which represents the dharma protector in Tibetan Buddhism. Tuolin? (stands for wishful liberation). The scabbard is hung by a hanging beam, and the scabbard mouth is iron, and the scabbard mouth is arc-shaped, which conforms to the style of the handle plate to stop the hand. The upper part of scabbard decoration is mainly rolling grass, and the lower part is mainly treasure pattern. The gold-plated pattern of the whole knife is gorgeous, rigorous and exquisite, which is the highest level representative of Tibetan Dao. The hanging beam is decorated with golden wishful patterns and inlaid with coral and turquoise. The bottom of the sheath tail starts from the edge, and the decoration is the same as that of the sheath mouth. The scabbard is wrapped in Tibetan special leather, and its surface is small and protruding, which still keeps the leather bright. According to legend, this leather tanning method was introduced into China and spread in Tibet after the Mongolian Yuan Army occupied West Asia. The nitration process of this leather is extremely complicated and has been lost today. The blade of this knife is well forged, and the color of iron is silvery white. Hundreds of years have passed and there is no rust at all. The lines of forged iron and forged iron in the blade are concave and convex, and the tentacles are like tiny waves, which makes people marvel at their skill. Blade forging completely conforms to ancient records? Gus. Class characteristics. The Tibetan Dao collected by the author is 94 cm long. The whole Tibetan Dao has a magnificent appearance, exquisite and rigorous gold decoration, strong religious decoration, exquisite assembly technology and perfect blade forging.

The value of Tibetan Dao Tibetan Dao has four uses: production, life, self-defense and decoration. With the production history of 1600 years, the technology is exquisite. The blade is forged with steel, and the handle is made of horn or hardwood.

Because of exquisite forging, exquisite carving, dazzling colors and Tibetan language, there are colorful handles and spikes, forming a unique Tibetan handicraft. Especially when friends get married or have children, sending a Tibetan knife will make the owner feel particularly happy.