Historical buildings in Shantou

1. What is the oldest building in Shantou? The former Shen Xin Shantang "Water Dragon Bureau" is located on the road outside the city, opposite to the first squadron of Jinping Fire Fighting. Funded by overseas Chinese at home and abroad, it was completed in 1927 and put into use in 1929. "Water Dragon Bureau" was a non-governmental organization at that time, with the first fire truck in Shantou history. At that time, the building was three stories high and was a "tall building" in the old Shantou city. There are watchmen in the building and full-time staff on duty 24 hours a day to judge where the fire happened by observing the color and shape of smoke over the city. When a fire broke out in the city, the duty officer rang the big copper bell on the third floor, and the firemen living in the back floor immediately dispatched to put out the fire after hearing the bell. 195 1 year, the Shantou People's Fire Brigade was established after the Shuilong Bureau was taken over by the new China * * *, and the original site of the Shuilong Bureau became the team site of the fire brigade, which continued until194 when the Shantou Fire Brigade moved to Daxue Road.

Now, the Shuilong Bureau, which has long been a dangerous building, has been restored according to its original appearance after more than a year, reappearing its appearance more than half a century ago. A large number of historical photos and old objects of the former Water Conservancy Bureau were stored in the building, which welcomed a large number of citizens to visit and added a "fossil" to Shantou reflecting the historical changes of Shantou's fire protection.

2. What is the oldest building in Shantou? The "Water Dragon Bureau" is located on the road outside the city opposite to the first squadron of Jinping Fire Fighting. It was built by overseas Chinese in 1927 and put into use in 1929.

"Water Dragon Bureau" was a non-governmental organization at that time, with the first fire truck in Shantou history. At that time, the building was three stories high and was a "tall building" in the old Shantou city. There are watchmen in the building and full-time staff on duty 24 hours a day to judge where the fire happened by observing the color and shape of smoke over the city. When a fire broke out in the city, the duty officer rang the big copper bell on the third floor, and the firemen living in the back floor immediately dispatched to put out the fire after hearing the bell.

195 1 year, the Shantou People's Fire Brigade was established after the Shuilong Bureau was taken over by the new China * * *, and the original site of the Shuilong Bureau became the team site of the fire brigade, which continued until194 when the Shantou Fire Brigade moved to Daxue Road. Now, the Shuilong Bureau, which has long been a dangerous building, has been restored according to its original appearance after more than a year, reappearing its appearance more than half a century ago. A large number of historical photos and old objects of the former Water Conservancy Bureau were stored in the building, which welcomed a large number of citizens to visit and added a "fossil" to Shantou reflecting the historical changes of Shantou's fire protection.

3. What is the history and culture of Shantou? I'm from Shanwei, near Shantou. English: Shantou was once called Shantou.

Shantou City is located in the east of Guangdong Province, at the southern tip of Hanjiang Delta, bordering Raoping County in Chaozhou in the northeast, Chaoan County in Chaozhou in the north, Puning City in Jieyang in the west, Huilai County in Jieyang in the southwest and Nanhai in the southeast.

The whole territory is located between east longitude 1 16 14' and north latitude 16 5438+07 19' and north latitude 23 02' and 23 38'. The urban area is 0/87 nautical miles from Hongkong/KLOC-and 65447 nautical miles from Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province Province. It has always been an important transportation hub, import and export shore and commodity distribution center in eastern Guangdong, southern Jiangxi and southwestern Fujian, and is known as the "gateway to South China".

Shantou was originally a fishing village on the seashore of Jieyang (later living in Chenghai). In the Yuan Dynasty, a large fishing village called "Xia Ling" was formed in the present photochemical department. By the ninth year of Jiajing (AD 1530), a sand ridge was formed between the Malao Palace on Waima Road and Qilu, which was called "sand mountain". In the third year of Wanli (1575), sand ridges piled up into pieces, which was called "Shashanping". In the fifty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (17 17), a battery and a smoke pier were built at the current site of Shantou Sub-branch of Waimalu People's Bank, which was called "Shashantou". Later, the Qing Dynasty set up a station here to collect salt tax, referred to as "Shantou". In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1809), it was called "Shashantou Port" because more and more merchant ships docked. Before the opening of the port, the "Juck Zhang Guild Hall" had been established, and business activities were increasingly active, which had taken shape as a commercial port. After Shantou opened its port, opium and foreign commodities were continuously imported, and a large number of "piglets" (contract Chinese laborers) were continuously transported to colonies of various countries as coolies. Britain, Germany, France, Norway, the United States, Japan and other countries have set up consulates to carry out economic, cultural and military aggression.

Shantou is named after the sand ridge formed by sediment accumulation in Yu Haibin. Due to the continuous alluvial sediment and tidal waves along the Hanjiang River, a natural sand dike was formed in the old city of Shantou today, which was called "Shantou" and was originally called "Shantou". Shantou is also known as Tuodao. Stripe is a small, round and spotted fish, which belongs to a kind of shark and is called shark strip. Shantou is located on the Tuojiang River, surrounded by water on three sides, and was once a peninsula in history. In the past, the bay was rich in sharks, so it was called "Tuo Island".

Opening port-Shantou has a history of 130 years. It used to be a rough bay, but it was only because of the alluvial sediment carried by the Han River in recent hundreds of years that it floated up from the bottom of a friend's sea. In the Yuan Dynasty, a large fishing village was initially formed in the present photochemical department area, which was called "Xia Ling" in the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), and the Yuqian household in Pengzhou was located here. In the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1575), the sand ridges at the mouth of the Han River had accumulated into pieces, which was called "Shaxianping" in history. In the fifty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 17 17), a smoke pier and a battery were built here, which was called "Shaxian Head". From Yongzheng (AD 1730) to Qianlong, more and more people moved here to live. In addition to fishing and farming, they also use seawater to dry salt, and salt vendors from all over the world often come here to sell salt. Qing * * * set up a station here to collect salt tax. Shantou for short. Shantou also has "Tuo Island". Later, with the increasing frequency of merchant ships in the past, in the 21st year of Qianlong (A.D. 1756), the Qing Dynasty set up the "Constant Customs" in Fangjishan (now Cocoon Island) to collect tariffs on commercial transportation between the north and the south, which was the earliest customs established in Shantou.

After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC)-1949- 10 after the establishment of new China, the organizational system was reorganized and the Chaoshan area was established; 1953 65438+ 10 merged with Huiyang and Xingmei regions to form the Guangdong administrative office; 1February 1956, together with xingge, was called Shantou area.1February 1965, xingmei set up an independent zone, and Shantou and its counties were called Shantou area. After several changes. But Shantou is the seat of local or regional party and government organs. 198 1 year 1 1 month, Shantou set aside a piece of land to establish Shantou Special Economic Zone. 1In July, 983, the cities merged and established the system of city leading counties, which governed Chenghai, Nan 'ao, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Jiexi, Puning, Huilai, Raoping and Chaozhou. 1989 65438+ 10 Chaozhou was designated as a provincial city. On April 6th, 199 1 The National Academy approved the expansion of Shantou Special Economic Zone to the whole city of Shantou, covering an area of 234 square kilometers, and it was officially implemented on June 6th1991. The State Council 199 1 year 65438+February decided to adjust the administrative divisions of Chaoshan area and set up three prefecture-level cities: Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang. 1April, 993, the State Council approved the withdrawal of Chaoyang county and the establishment of a city (county level); 1April, 994, the state of Liaoning approved Chenghai to withdraw from the county and set up a city (county level); In the same month, the State Council approved the transfer of heqing town, Chaoyang City, to Shantou City and the establishment of Hepu District (county level). So far, Shantou City has jurisdiction over five county-level districts, namely Longhu, Jinyuan, Shengping, Dahao and Hepu, and Nan 'ao County, and is in charge of Chaoyang City and Chenghai City.

Jinping district, Shantou City was approved by the State Council in March 2003. It consists of the original Shengping District, Jinyuan District, Xunhui Neighborhood Committee of Shixian Street in Dahao District and the area north of Longxi Road in longhu district.

Review of centennial activities

4. Urgently ask for a historical paper (more than 800 words) about Shantou in Grade One, and analyze the history, present situation and development countermeasures of Shantou arcade. As a new architectural form in modern Lingnan, arcade embodies the main features of modern Lingnan architecture, such as overhead, open, arcade, patio, flower window, etc. It is an important carrier to reflect modern Lingnan architectural culture.

Shantou arcade is an important representative, a historical witness of Shantou's "century-old commercial port" and a city postcard with Shantou characteristics. First, the historical traces of Shantou arcade "arcade street is one of the representative buildings and urban landscapes with Shantou characteristics. It is the result of the blending of Chinese and western cultures and an important witness of Shantou's modern history.

Shantou arcade commercial street is a basic part of Shantou's history and culture. The regional cultural connotation contained in the traditional arcade commercial street makes Shantou, a century-old commercial port, full of vitality. The formation and characteristics of Shantou arcade building have a long history in China, which can be traced back to the "city" corridor and "square" corridor of commodity trading in Tang and Song Dynasties, and is also related to the earlier dry-column architecture.

Foreign arcades first appeared in ancient Greece. /kloc-In the second half of the 6th century, arcade buildings were also widely distributed in Mediterranean coastal cities in southern Europe. "

The arcades in the southern coastal cities of China are divided into Fujian School and Guangdong School. Influenced by local traditional wood carvings, the facade of Fujian-style arcade is covered with reliefs. The decoration of Cantonese arcade is relatively simple, close to European style.

Shantou is just between Fujian and Guangdong, so the arcade style of Shantou Old Street is just between the two. Shantou's arcade is unique and has its own characteristics.

Chaoshan people call this unique building, which combines Chinese and western styles, "Five-step Gallery". The word "five-foot masonry" comes from Malay Kaki Lima, where Lima is the numeral "5" and Kaki is the quantifier "foot".

The architectural structure of Shantou arcade is unique: the window grilles in each building are different, even in the same building, the window grilles on each floor are different, and some look the same even on the same floor, but in fact the patterns inside are different. The same is true of arcade columns, the bottom of which is often antique Greek Ionian columns, and the second and third floors are mixed columns imitating chiton or squares.

This will increase the facade effect of the arcade, form a natural transition and avoid visual repetition. In the process of development, Shantou arcade has gradually formed a number of arcades with a certain scale, and its typical representative is the arcade in the small park.

The appearance of Shantou arcade has its unique historical origin. After the signing of treaty of nanking, it was developed into a foreign trade port "Shantou Port" in 186 1, introducing advanced western technology and foreign capital. As an unprecedented commercial port, Shantou's traditional shops can no longer meet the needs of the ever-expanding scale of commercial activities and want to seek new space for commercial activities. According to the hot and rainy subtropical climate in Shantou, China craftsmen have created masterpieces of Chinese and foreign architecture on the basis of traditional architecture and drawing lessons from the technology and forms of western "foreign architecture", and gradually developed into Shantou's unique and excellent urban characteristics-a arcade building with one street and two sides and an overhead ground floor.

It can be said that the radial arcade group centered on small parks is the historical witness of Shantou's "century-old commercial port". The small park area is the birthplace of Shantou. Its unique Lingnan architectural style, street features and rich commercial atmosphere are the embodiment of Shantou's personality charm as a "century-old commercial port" and an important local cultural heritage of Shantou.

The arcades in the old streets around the small park are the most representative, combining Chinese and western styles. These arcade groups, the architectural art of combining Chinese and western styles, the scattered commodity outlets along the street, and the circular and radial road network pattern fully show Shantou's humanistic and historical features as a "century-old commercial port".

The arcade group around Shantou Small Park is the first person to witness the development of "a century-old commercial port". At that time, Shantou was opened in the Qing Dynasty, where the economy was prosperous and the trade of all parties gathered. Many cultures collide and communicate here, and the culture is widely spread.

However, due to the passage of time and improper protection, many arcades have collapsed, and the rest have become dangerous buildings. However, many residents still live here and are unwilling to move out.

The administrative department of Shantou also attaches great importance to this issue, but there is no specific plan for the demolition or reconstruction of the arcade. Shantou's municipal departments are also very concerned about the development of arcades around Shantou Small Park. In 2004, the plan of "small park historical building protection area planning" was put forward, but it was not really implemented.

Second, the current situation of Shantou arcade: Roman columns with Greek mule spirals, carved windows and eaves with straight height, baroque style, Byzantine style and Rococo style, although not as glamorous as in the past, can still vaguely distinguish the elegance of the past. Both the earth and the sun in the traditional sense of China and the abstract flowers, waves and clouds with western characteristics are exquisitely carved and lifelike.

Even after a hundred years of wind and rain, its brushwork is still so clearly visible, enough to see how fine the craft was at that time. The sign on the upstairs is still eye-catching. However, people have gone to the empty building, leaving only signs, which seems to tell people about the prosperity of the past.

From Shengping Road to the intersection of Waima Road and minzu road, it feels like crossing two eras, like crossing time and space, and suddenly only one road is needed to complete the journey of 100 years from the beginning of last century to the beginning of next century. Here, Fang Qiong Ying (1987-), a female from Jieyang, Guangdong, belongs to that era. She is a 2007 undergraduate in the School of History and Culture of South China Normal University.

Guangzhou, Guangdong 5 1063 1. Analysis on the history, present situation and development countermeasures of Shantou arcade □ Fang Qiongying [Abstract] Shantou arcade is a wonderful flower in Lingnan architecture and the "first person" who witnessed the opening of Shantou port.

However, Shantou arcade, which has been eroded by historical years, is now tottering and collapsed seriously. Studying the present situation of arcade on the mountain and analyzing the reasons for the extinction of ancient buildings are helpful to the development and protection of Shantou.

[Keywords:] Shantou arcade historical development countermeasures literature and culture 156 "inheritance" 20 10 No.6 The prosperous story has already gradually become people's memories with the passage of time, or more sadly, after it irretrievably loses its prosperity, when the body it left behind gradually disappears, the heavy historical and cultural connotation it carries will disappear with the wind, be forgotten by people and finally be forgotten. The transformation of the old city of Shantou has been going on for nearly 20 years.

5. What are the forms of Shantou folk architecture? From traditional architecture, modern architecture combining Chinese and western culture to modern architecture with the flavor of the times, they all have different architectural styles and cultural connotations, covering traditional houses, temples, pavilions and other classic buildings, including arcades, church consulates, school gardens and other fine buildings combining Chinese and western culture since Shantou opened its port, as well as modern urban buildings since the reform and opening up.

Traditional architecture is characterized by ancient dwellings. The ancient house originated from the ancient style of the Central Plains and attracted the northern style. Combined with the local environment and astronomical phenomena, the improved commercial land-root, four-cent gold and four-horse trailer villages of quadrangles were creatively designed and built. It is not only typhoon resistant, but also earthquake resistant, beautiful and durable. Shanglugen style is an exclusive small courtyard style, suitable for small and medium-sized families. It consists of a hall, two large rooms, two small rooms, a patio and a guard room. It is a small courtyard with basically complete living conditions. The four-part golden flower column evolved from Phytolacca acinosa, and its specification is higher than that of Phytolacca acinosa. Hummer trailer is the best in Chaoshan dwellings, with the largest scale and complete functions. Its basic combination is a second-order or third-order ancestral temple building in the middle, with two flower paths on both sides, four symmetrical four-corner gold on both sides, a back alley, a rucksack and a flower path. Its use function and defense function are incomparable with other architectural forms.

After the opening of Shantou port, western powers set up consulates in Shantou, together with churches, "Chaoshan Customs" and other commercial institutions, dozens of foreign buildings were scattered in an area of less than one square kilometer in Fiona Fang, and a small park and outer roads became a characteristic architectural complex combining Chinese and western. For example, "Chaoguan" was built in 1898, with small area, regular appearance and profound connotation. 192 1 post office building, 1930 town hall building, etc. The gatehouse is magnificent with four columns.

Since the reform and opening up, Shantou architecture has entered a stage of development. A number of modern and high-grade modern buildings have sprung up in the central city: international convention and exhibition center, museum, library, Chaozhou opera art activity center, diving hall and so on. These high-level modern buildings have become the landmark buildings of the city, beautifying the urban landscape and showing a brand-new modern atmosphere. Since the establishment of CITIC Seaside Garden in 1995, the "European Style" and "Modern Style" have been introduced for the first time, and at the same time, the residential quarters have also shown a strong modern architectural style. Today, when planning and building residential communities in our city, we pay more attention to embodying local traditional cultural characteristics, and constantly introduce modern urban planning and design concepts, so as to combine modern urban architecture with folk architecture, garden architecture with modern facilities, integrate modern architecture with natural ecology, and avoid rigid, monotonous and flat-changing architectural forms to meet the aesthetic requirements of modern people.

Architecture constitutes a symbol of the city's personality, and also represents the folk customs and aesthetic taste of a certain region and period, recording the shape of the city, and extending to the present and future with its historical background and cultural status.