What paint?

Question 1: draw with acrylic paint! ~ Gouache pigment, Mali 3.50 yuan, 1 can, 100ml (Qingdao seems to sell 2 yuan), Cui Wen, Minghua, bamboo 100ml is 1.30 yuan/can, but bamboo does not contain formaldehyde! ~ ~ Each pigment has its own advantages! ~ ~ It is not recommended that you buy high-grade ash! ~ ~ You can use 12 basic color! ~ ~ ~ buying it is a waste of money! ~ ~ ~ I adjust it myself! ~ ~ suggestion-use propylene pigment, not mixed with gouache! ~ ~ ~ If the two pigments are mixed together, a chemical reaction will occur and the pigments will coagulate! ~ ~ Suggestion ~ ~ When you draw clothes with acrylic, you made a mistake. Rinse the paint with plenty of water before it dries ~ ~ otherwise! ~ ~ paint will be difficult to clean when it is dry! ~ ~ (I made 6.7 hand-painted clothes myself! ~ ~ personal advice! ~~~)

Question 2: What brand of paint is better? Watercolor pigments can be bought from Windsor Newton. This brand is of good quality, moderate price and very high cost performance. Its gouache and propylene pigment are also very good.

Domestic Marley brand, the effect is not as good as Windsor Newton's, but it is cheap. The brand has stood for many years in the domestic watercolor industry and is trustworthy.

Transparent ink can buy Japanese cherry blossom brand, which is an old brand, and the quality can be absolutely trusted. (The body paint I bought for cherry blossoms is also good ~)

However, professional color ink is more expensive and needs many colors, which may cost nearly 1,000 yuan. However, you can buy some basic colors for color matching, such as red, yellow and blue, which will save a lot and require certain skills.

The use of watercolor and colored ink can refer to many cartoonists, such as CLAMP.

Question 3: What are the main differences between pigments and dyes? The main differences between pigments and dyes:

Pigment is a substance that can color objects. Dyes are substances that can color fibers and other materials. The difference is that pigments are easy to fade under certain circumstances, while dyes are not easy to fall off and change color.

Pigment is insoluble in medium, while dye is soluble in medium (such as water, solvent, oil, plastic or polymer, etc.). ).

Pigment exists in the medium in the form of particles, and dye exists in the form of molecules. The surface of many objects is easily damaged, such as snow, sunshine, rain, high temperature, friction, oxidation, chemicals and so on.

Pigments are mainly used in paints, inks, printing and dyeing, plastic products, paper making, rubber products and ceramics. With the rapid development of the next industry, the demand for pigments is constantly expanding, and the development prospect of China pigment industry is very broad.

Pigments usually have the following characteristics:

Color. Color pigment is a kind of pigment that selectively absorbs and scatters visible light energy, and can appear yellow, red, blue and green under natural light.

The ability of colored pigments to absorb incident light. It can be expressed as a relative percentage of the coloring power of standard pigment samples.

Coverage ability. The ability of film-forming substances to cover the surface color of substrates. The color paint commonly used for covering 1 square meter contains grams of pigment.

Light resistance. The ability of a pigment to retain its original color under certain illumination. Generally, the eight-level system is adopted, and eight is the best.

Weather resistance. The ability of pigments to maintain their original properties under certain natural or artificial climatic conditions. Generally, a five-level system is adopted, with five being the best.

Volatiles. Mainly refers to the moisture, generally not more than 65438 0%.

Oil absorption. Refers to the grams of refined linseed oil required for100g pigment to form a uniform block, and the oil absorption is the best, which is related to the specific surface area and structure of pigment particles.

Water soluble substance. The water-soluble substances contained in the pigment are expressed by the mass percentage of the pigment. The water-soluble substances of paint pigments are often controlled below 65438 0%.

Dyes are colored substances. But colored substances are not necessarily dyes.

Dye application:

Choosing dyes according to fiber properties Because of the different properties of various fibers, it is necessary to choose appropriate dyes when dyeing. For example, when cotton fiber is dyed, because its molecular structure contains many hydrophilic hydroxyl groups, it is easy to absorb moisture and expand, and it can react chemically with active groups, so it is more alkali-resistant, so direct, reduction, vulcanization, ice dyes and reactive dyes can be selected for dyeing. Polyester is hydrophobic and alkali-resistant at high temperature. In general, the above dyes should not be selected, but disperse dyes should be selected for dyeing.

Choose dyes according to the purpose of the dyed object. Because the purpose of the dyed object is different, the requirements for the fastness of the dyed product are different. For example, the cloth used for curtains is not often washed, but often exposed to the sun, so choose dyes with high light fastness when dyeing. As the dyeing of underwear and light-colored fabrics worn in summer, due to frequent washing and sun exposure, dyes with high fastness to washing, sun exposure and perspiration should be selected.

Choosing dyes according to the cost of dyes When choosing dyes, we should not only consider the shade and fastness, but also consider the cost and supply of dyes and auxiliaries used. For example, if the price is higher, try to consider other dyes that can dye the same effect to reduce the production cost. When the selection of dyes in color matching needs color matching, we should pay attention to its composition, solubility, color fastness, dye uptake and other properties when selecting dyes. Because of the different dyeing properties of various dyes, the dyeing effect is often affected by the differences in temperature, solubility and dye uptake. Therefore, when matching colors, we must select dyes with similar performance, and the closer the dyes are, the better, which will be beneficial to the control of process conditions and the stability of dyeing quality.

Choose dyes according to the mechanical properties of dyeing. Due to different dyeing machines, the properties and requirements of dyes are also different. If it is used for jig dyeing, dyes with high directness should be selected; Dyes with low directness should be selected for pad dyeing, otherwise, unqualified products such as deep front and light back and uneven color will be produced.

Question 4: What pigments are used in ink painting? Ink painting is a traditional painting theme in China. The main pigments used are ink and water.

Question 5: What kinds of secant pigments are tattoo pigments-pigments used to cut the outline of patterns on the skin, mostly black.

Atomized Pigment-Pigment used to color the pattern, any color can be used.

Depending on the source of the pigment:

Imported pigments-because many modern tattoo technologies and concepts come from abroad, and the acceptance of tattoo art abroad is generally higher than that in China, the market is more mature than that in China, and some well-known brands of pigments are relatively safer and more reassuring.

Domestic pigments-pigments prepared by domestic merchants themselves, the reliability of domestic pigments is far lower than that of foreign countries because there are no relevant national standards and industry standards at present, but because of its low price (the price of German imported carbon black is 20 times that of domestic carbon black), there are still consumers in the low-end market.

According to the coloring principle of pigment:

Ordinary pigment-ordinary pigment that displays its own color under ordinary light. Common pigments fall into this category.

Fluorescent pigment-does not show color under ordinary light, or shows light color, but shows obvious color when excited by fluorescence. Suitable for displaying tattoo art in bars and other places. Generally, it is not recommended, because the raw materials used in this kind of pigment have large harmful components. However, it is said that some foreign pigments adopt cutting-edge technology, and the tiny particles of each pigment are covered with a layer of safety substance to form a protective layer, which effectively prevents the side effects of the pigment itself on the human body. What needs to be emphasized here is that it is very dangerous to use animal blood or tattoos such as cinnabar and white powder, which are usually invisible and can only be revealed after drinking wine! There is no scientific basis!

Luminous pigment-a temporary pigment commonly used in body painting. If it is to be tattooed into the skin, its safety needs to be certified. It is generally believed that the toxic and side effects of this pigment are higher than those of ordinary pigments.

Question 6: What are the ingredients of various pigments? It is not easy to find, you can find the following: ochre: it comes from iron ore and has excellent stability. It can be divided into yellow ochre and red ochre. It is the most commonly used color of ancient painters, with strong hiding power, easy drying and firmness. At present, most synthetic ochre sold in the market is more transparent, stronger and more durable than natural ochre. Raw and cooked ochre is a color made of compounds containing iron and manganese. Cooked ochre is relatively stable in watercolor, but not very stable in oil painting color, especially not too strong. The stability of raw ochre is worse than that of cooked ochre, and the coverage of these two colors is not very good. Raw brown and cooked brown: These two pigments are dark and are natural soil pigments. Raw brown has a faint green tendency, and cooked brown has a reddish tendency, which will be stronger with age. Mature brown has a light specific gravity and is easy to float from the color layer. These two oil painting colors dry quickly, and they dry faster when mixed with other colors. When used alone, it is forbidden to paint other colors before the color layer is completely dried, otherwise the picture will crack easily after drying. That is to say, when it is used as an oil base, it must be dried before it can be used, and it should not be too thick when used alone. Because of its light weight, classical oil painters often use it as transparent paintings. Brown pigment extracted from coal tar and asphalt has poor stability because it contains impurities. If the varnish is mixed and painted transparently on the screen, it can be used to copy European classical works. Ivory black: Ivory black is made by baking animal bones in the air. As an oil painting, it has good color stability and is not easy to crack after drying. It is the purest black pigment. It can be used with any pigment, and it is the best variety of black pigments produced in China at present. It may crack when used alone. Only a little addition of other pigments can avoid cracks. Carbon black: It is a pigment produced by soot. Cold tone, good stability, slow drying, and can be used with various pigments. Analysis of oil painting techniques What are the characteristics of blue-green oil painting pigments? Ultramarine: Originally made of natural semi-precious stones (jade and bluestone), it has beautiful and glittering color and is expensive. Today, a synthetic ultramarine is used, which has strong stability, poor adhesion, general hiding power and slow drying, and is suitable for transparent painting. Can be mixed with any pigment except copper pigment (emerald green). Violets are produced by ultramarine and have the same properties as ultramarine. Cobalt blue (cobalt oxide): It is the best blue with moderate hiding power and dryness. Suitable for transparent painting, the effect is best when used alone. Don't use it on the wet color layer, it will dry easily if it is too thick. Cobalt violet and cobalt blue have the same characteristics and belong to the same pigment. Sky blue: it is a color similar to cobalt blue, with certain stability, slightly green, bright, pure and thick. Durable and easy to dry. Pulan blue, also known as Paris blue, is a compound of iron and cyanide, which has strong coloring ability. Slow and steady. Mixing with lead white, cadmium color and earth red will play an oxidation role, and the picture will turn brown after a long time. Purple: It is arsenate color, with average stability, poor light resistance and easy fading. Emerald green: strong stability, weak hiding power, crystal clear and transparent color, which is a transparent color with light specific gravity and can be used for transparent painting. Emerald green is also called emerald green: rich in color, it is the most stable color among greens and dries slowly. Medium chrome green: good coverage, slow drying, excellent stability, and reacts with cadmium yellow. Cobalt green: general hiding power, fast drying, capable of blending various colors and good stability. Earth green: It is a brownish soil pigment, which is easy to dry and has good hiding power. It is warm, but not very bright. It can be mixed with any pigment and is very stable. Pink green: extracted from natural minerals containing iron, it has good hiding power, can be blended with any color and is relatively stable. What are the characteristics of red oil painting pigments? Cinnabar is cinnabar, and its chemical composition is mercury sulfide, which is slightly toxic. Domestic cinnabar is a fine pigment with stable quality. The scarlet pigment in oil painting dries slowly and has strong hiding power. It is durable when used alone, but it will darken in direct sunlight. When ancient masters used cinnabar, the surface was coated with wax or transparent protective color. When vermilion is mixed with copper-containing colors, it tends to turn black, and when it is mixed with colors with low specific gravity (such as blue), it will appear flooding. Cadmium red is a selenide of cadmium sulfate and cadmium, which can replace cinnabar and be made into red, crimson and purple. Cadmium has bright red color, thick cracks, good hiding power and long drying time, and will gradually darken in the sun. Cadmium red can be orange with cadmium Huang Tiao, and it is forbidden to blend with copper-containing color. In addition, it can be mixed with any color, durable and does not change color. The red in the west is carmine ... >>

Question 7: What is the name of ancient pigments in China? A complete collection of ancient color appellations

Princess: It's the same as the ancient fee, pink. Yang Fei, ChristianRandPhillips and pink are synonyms.

Rouge: 1, the color of rouge used by women when dressing up. 2, Chinese painting dark red pigment.

Dan: Also known as cinnabar, cinnabar, cinnabar and scarlet, it is more lively than scarlet.

Child: Red.

Akane: The color of madder is deep red.

Hector: Crimson, fiery red. Generally refers to red, fire red.

Yan: scarlet.

Inflammation: spread to red.

Red: The original meaning of fire is red.

Diao: crimson; Light crimson.

Beauty: The appearance of blushing after drinking. Also refers to blushing.

Orange: The yellow color of citrus.

Barnyard grass: light yellow.

Dim: describes the dark yellow color of the sky, lights, etc.

Castanopsis fissa: A deciduous shrub with yellow-green flowers and leaves that turn red in autumn. Yellow wood can be used as dye.

Autumn: 1, medium olive brown, slightly darker and greener than ordinary olive brown. In ancient times, autumn was golden and white, so it was called white for short.

Willow: pale yellow, like willow buds.

Shen: Dark green.

Bi: Bright turquoise.

Cui: 1, jade bird feathers are turquoise. 2. The color of jadeite gemstones.

Light green: green, slightly white.

Ai: The color of wormwood. Light green.

Indigo: Also called "Indigo". Soak the leaves of Polygonum hydropiper in water and mix with the blue dye obtained by lime precipitation. It's dark blue and green. Tibetan: blue and near black

Zang: Blue is reddish.

Dai: Blue-black pigment. Ancient women used it to thrush.

Acetylene: low purity deep purple.

Pale color: that is, the color mixed with black, such as green, yellow, cyan, black and pale color.

White.

Element: white, colorless

Frost: the color of frost.

Ying: crystal clear and white.

Xuan: red and black, with red in black, also refers to black.

Silk black

Black with yellow.

Li: It's as black as grass with yellow in it.

Sih: The original meaning is light black or slightly bluish black.

Dark color: dark black, generally referring to black. Our country has long used mineral and plant dyes to dye fabrics or yarns, and in the long-term production practice, we have mastered the extraction and dyeing techniques of various dyes, produced colorful textiles, and enriched the material and cultural life in ancient China.

Application of various mineral and plant dyes

As early as tens of thousands of years ago in the caveman era, our ancestors had dyed beaded shells and tendons with natural hematite powder. In slave society, there is a fine division of labor in production, and there is a special official position "to dye grass in the palm, to collect it in the spring and autumn, and to be granted"; There is also "dyed human silk" (Zhou Li). Noble silk and silk fabrics must go through "scouring" before dyeing (equivalent to the current scouring process). Taking an exam? In Shi's book, the operation technique of "violent training" is described: first, "soak silk in water for seven days, and then go down to the ground to violently", then "violently all day, stay in the well at night" and "seven days and seven nights". For silk, because it is denser than silk thread, it is necessary to "take the column as dust to make its silk flourish" during intense practice, and then "practice various instruments to make it obscene" and deal with it repeatedly for seven days and nights. Kuangshui and Lynn ash are alkaline plant ash juice (potassium carbonate, etc. ), while Li à n ash is the ash of burning neem, and Hong is more alkaline quicklime (calcium oxide) calcined from shells. After repeated alkali lime juice or ash treatment, most of sericin outside the fiber is removed, which is beneficial to dyeing. The pretreatment of fabric before dyeing-"boiling" is mostly carried out in spring ("boiling in spring"), and then a large-scale dyeing production activity of "summer in summer, summer in autumn" ("summer" means five colors) began.

The dyes used in ancient times were mostly natural mineral or plant dyes, and the extraction and dyeing methods were different.

inorganic pigment

The natural hematite mentioned above is the earliest mineral pigment used, and it was still used for dyeing coarse linen fabrics during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, it was called ochre clothes, probably painted with natural hematite powder, and the collarless ochre clothes were used as prisoners' prison clothes. In addition, cinnabar (mainly composed of mercury sulfide) is also an important red mineral pigment in ancient times. Taking an exam? In Zhong Shi, it was recorded that feathers were dyed with Dan, and Dan was cinnabar. On the linen and embroidery marks unearthed from the Western Zhou Tomb in Rujiazhuang, Baoji, there are traces of painting with Dan. Because cinnabar is red and pure in color, it will not fade after a long time. Until the Western Han Dynasty, it was also used as a pigment to dye expensive clothes. The cinnabar on the cinnabar robe unearthed from Mawangdui No.1 Han Tomb in Changsha was examined by X-ray ...

Question 8: Basic classification of pigments According to chemical composition, pigments can be divided into two categories: inorganic pigments and organic pigments, and their sources can be divided into natural pigments and synthetic pigments. Natural pigments come from minerals, such as cinnabar, laterite, realgar, malachite green, heavy calcium carbonate, wollastonite, barite powder, talcum powder, mica powder, kaolin and so on. Biological sources, such as animals: cochineal insects, natural fish scale powder, etc. ; From plants: Garcinia Garcinia, Alizarin Red, Indigo, etc. Synthetic pigments are artificially synthesized, such as inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide, lithopone, lead chrome yellow and iron blue, and organic pigments such as scarlet powder, light yellow, phthalocyanine blue and quinacridone. Pigments are classified according to their functions, including antirust pigments, magnetic pigments, luminescent pigments, pearlescent pigments and conductive pigments. Color classification is a convenient and useful method. This kind of pigment can be divided into white, yellow, red, blue, green, brown, purple and black regardless of its source or chemical composition. The famous ColorIndex adopts the method of color classification: for example, pigments are divided into pigment yellow (PY), pigment orange (PO), pigment red (PR), pigment purple (PV), pigment blue (PB), pigment green (PG), pigment brown (PBr), pigment black (PBk) and pigment white. For example, titanium dioxide is PW-6, lithopone PW-5, lead chrome yellow PY-34, quinacridone PR-207, iron oxide red PR-10, phthalocyanine blue PB- 15, etc. In order to find the chemical composition, there are other structural numbers, such as titanium dioxide PW-6C. I.7789 1 and phthalocyanine blue PB- 15C. I.74 160, so that pigment manufacturers and users can know the composition and chemical structure of listed pigments. Therefore, it has been widely used in international pigment import and export trade, and some domestic pigment manufacturers have also adopted the international classification standard of this pigment. China's national pigment standard GB/T3 182- 1995 also adopts color classification. The color of each pigment has a symbol, such as Baiba, Honghu and Huanghu ... Combined with the code and serial number of chemical structure, the pigment model is formed, such as rutile titanium dioxide BA-0 1-03, medium chrome yellow HU-02-02, iron oxide red HO-01-0/,lithopone. Pigments can be classified according to the types of compounds: inorganic pigments can be subdivided into oxide, chromate, sulfate, silicate, borate, molybdate, phosphate, vanadate, ferricyanide, hydroxide, sulfide, metal and so on. According to the chemical structure of compounds, organic pigments can be divided into azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, anthraquinone, indigo, quinacridone, dioxazine and other polycyclic pigments, aryl methane pigments and so on. From the point of view of production and manufacturing, it can be divided into titanium pigment, iron pigment, chromium pigment, lead pigment, zinc pigment, metal pigment and organic synthetic pigment. This classification method has practical significance, and often a system can represent a professional pigment production industry. From the application point of view, it can be divided into coatings, inks, plastics, rubber, ceramics and enamels, medicines and cosmetics, and fine arts pigments. All kinds of special pigments have some unique properties to meet the application requirements. Pigment manufacturers can also recommend a series of pigment products to professional users. Propylene pigment is a synthetic polymer pigment, which was invented in 1950s and made of pigment powder and acrylic latex. Acrylic latex is also called acrylic polymer latex. There are many kinds of propylene resins, such as methacrylic resin, so there are also many kinds of propylene pigments. Foreign pigment manufacturers have produced a series of propylene products, such as matt propylene pigment, semi-matt propylene pigment and glossy propylene pigment, as well as propylene matt oil, varnish and plastic ointment. Acrylic pigments are very popular with painters. Compared with oil painting pigments, it has the following characteristics: 1. It can be released with water and is easy to clean. 2. Dry it quickly. Pigment can be dried in a few minutes after putting pen to paper, instead of waiting for months to polish it like oil painting. Painters who like slow-drying pigments can use retarders to delay the drying time of pigments. 3. When the colored layer is dried, it will quickly lose its solubility and form a tough, elastic and impermeable film. This film is similar to rubber. 4. The color is full, dense and fresh, and no matter how it is blended, it will not feel "dirty" or "gray". The color layer will never be stained by oil absorption. 5. The durability of the work is very long. The oil film in oil painting lasts for a long time ... >>