About the bird essay, to self-edit, sneak attack do not, 发到我的邮箱1175113505@qq.com

Found an article on the Internet about the old Beijingers play birds, think the writing is very vivid, specially forwarded to you for your enjoyment, this article is not finished, but I can not find the follow-up, if there is that friend to find also please send you up, so that we can read a complete, thank you. R j-jAH

Old Beijingers have fun. Old Beijing's play, from theater and opera to wrestling and eagles, from porcelain and furniture to smoke pots and strings, from literature to elegance from big to small everything. Among the many ways to play, the most common among the people is to play with tickets (Beijing Opera), play with winter insects and play with birds. Today, let's just talk about the old Beijingers playing with birds. What kind of birds did Beijingers play? Beijing people play with: Bailing, red, Quercus, painted eyebrow, yellow bird (yellow Qiao Er), indigo chin, the above birds play is to call the sound of the child; another old West, Taiping bird, gray, soap child, (my bird) (with the bird), (Yan bird) finch, the crossbill, the yellow bird, yellow hemp, bamboo points red, gold winged, the above birds play is to play the bomb gripping the flag. There are so many birds, where do we start? It's better to start with the larks, after all, they are "dragon birds", and also the earliest birds that Beijingers played with as recorded in the exact text. The first bird that Beijingers played with was the Dragon Bird. .8<-

The written record of Beijingers playing with birds can be traced back to the early years of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, the eight banners of Manchuria entered the customs, in addition to the army also brought Manchurian living habits. One of them was "raising birds of prey". .hxin [Y

Manzhou (called Manchu after the 1911 Revolution) rose in the White Mountains and Black Waters, larks, also known as larks belonging to the songbird bird category bird of prey order Larks, in our country produced in the Mongolian steppe, the Northeast and the northern part of Hebei, the Manchus regarded it as a "place of the Dragon" produced by the "Dragon Bird ", only the royal relatives can be raised to enjoy. Raising larks, since ancient times, there is a "Northern School", "Southern School" of the division. "Northern School" of the lark's call has strict requirements; "Southern School" is to speak of the white spirit around the cage flying song. V_jiOT!

Manchu people play larks belong to the "northern school". The northern school of larks should strictly abide by the "thirteen sets" of sounding method. At present, about this "thirteen sets of" why people have different opinions. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, Mr. Jin Shou Shen, a flag person described the thirteen sets of: house finches noise forest, mountain magpies, red, group of chickens, whistles, swallows, cats, magpies, harrier eagles, Quercus, yellow bird sets and painted eyebrow Luoer, Huberlao cross-tailed; contemporary player Mr. Wang Shixiang described as: house finches haunted the forest, Huberlao (i.e., Huberlao) stirred the tail, the mountain magpies, "cackling head to explode the forest! ", cat calls, eagle calls, "water car pressure dog", etc., because Mr. Wang himself did not row the Bailing, said there are missing, but generally consistent with Mr. Jin, only in the red sound, water car sound, the dog barking on the discrepancy. In fact, playing the Northern School of Bailing "thirteen sets" there are many, all over the different sets: Beijing South City to play called "Qingkou", there is a car sound, the dog barking, but in the North City, "net mouth" in the These sounds are dirty mouth; at the same time, there is also a "cultural and military" points, "martial arts Bailing" is called red sound. Combined with the breeding history of the red (red breeding later than the Bailing), I think the initial red call was only included in the "house bird noise forest" category, later, with the red into the palace favor, the players began to deliberately let the Bailing to learn red mouth, and proud of it. /=bSt

The cage of the Northern School of Bailing is moderate in size, simple and elegant, generally three circles with high soil barrier, no bird bar, there is a soil platform in the center, and some sand grains and gravel are glued on the soil platform, because the Bailing water canisters are hung on the outside of the cage, so there is a water door on the soil barrier. Bailing cage design, Bailing bird with the matching is fully in line with the Bailing habits: Bailing feet long, back toe claw is also long, suitable for life on the ground, nesting in the grasslands or cultivated land, good in the high places to chirp. Therefore, the Bailing cage without a bird bar and replaced by a platform; cage bottom without "bird poop pad" and replaced by sand, so the need for high earth block; Bailing lively and active, in order to prevent the water cans in the water wet sand, so the water cans hanging outside the cage. Although, the northern school of Bai Ling cage simple and generous, decorative very little, but from its use of food cans and water cans have reflected the influence of folk culture. I have seen a pair of Bailing water cans (the reason why it is called "a pair" is because Bailing water cans are divided into two parts - metal water plate and hanging in the water plate on the can), the shape of its water plate is a pomegranate-type, which means more children and more grandchildren; cans are incense burners; the overall design expresses a prayer for more children and more grandchildren. The overall design expresses the good wishes of praying for more children and more grandchildren. The reasonable structure of its components, the shape of the circumference of the later other birdcage bird design, production provides a model for learning. jn~!V!+ +

After the Bailing, there is the Hongzi. Reds, scientifically known as swamp tits. Regarding the breeding origin of the red son, there is a piece of folk wild history about Master Qianlong and Liu Luobanzi. This piece of wild history was heard by my father from a Muslim uncle and then told to me. My father was interviewed by Prof. Yuan Jiafang of the Capital University of Economics and Business, and this wild history was also covered in the interview, which was published in the January 1997 issue of Hong Kong's Hwa Sheng monthly magazine. The wild story goes like this: P7'M],!9w

It is said that one year Master Qianlong went to Chengde for summer vacation. The sedan carriage traveled to the Hebei territory of a mountainous, wooded area, the Qianlong master in the sedan chair suddenly heard a sound of birdsong. This bird song is different from the "thirteen sets of thirteen sets" of complexity, but listen to the extraordinarily fresh and natural, and do not feel that the mood of the people Huo Ran, the summer heat is eliminated. Even if you are the nine to five of the Qianlong Emperor could not help but be a shock: I am in the Palace, I do not know how many rare birds and animals, how many "net mouth of the Hundred Spirits", but have not heard such wonderful celestial music, a pity, a pity ...... immediately stomped his feet in the sedan chair! Three - this is the old sedan chair line of rules - foot stomping a stop sedan chair, two under the sedan chair, three will have to pick the sedan chair curtains to smell the sedan chair people what they commanded. It is said that the accompanying officials at that time there was the prime minister, Mr. Lawrence Liu. The emperor asked him what bird is calling, the entourage have not paid attention to do not know. At that moment, Lord Liu saw a very small bird flying away. When he got up the sedan chair to go again, he paid extra attention. ^[0" vtb

Row not much time, a small bird in the tree next to the official road clear and bright call, the emperor heard is just the kind of bird song, immediately ordered to drop the sedan chair, and personally out of the sedan chair to see. At this time, Liu Yong preached: bea|?lK

"Your Majesty, in my humble opinion, this is the 'three colors and six languages' bird." 3=IG#6)~C

"What is 'three colors and six languages'?" iFSJ4 W(

"Back to the emperor, this bird black top white belly and gray wings is 'three colors'; its song said 'Kirikou red', 'Kirikou red ' This is six languages." u9BjgK(M

"Liu Aiqing said very much to my mind. But I don't know why it was changed to chirp 'Kirikizu'?" O6/xPeak

"Back to the emperor, today dry air dry, this bird to change the song 'Kiri water' is to check the emperor's road labor, for the emperor to pray for rain to relieve the heat of the action." !h?=Wv ==]

Master Qianlong was overjoyed and immediately ordered his attendants to catch the bird. The crowd finally caught the bird with great effort. Because of the road only with the Bailing Cage, the bird into the Bailing Cage for the Emperor to see. But the bird is small, wild and afraid of people, presented to the emperor in front of a sudden face of a golden figure is more and more afraid, coupled with the spacing of the cage bars of the Hundred Spirit cage, the bird even a sip of wings from the cage between the bars drilled out and flew.

The bird is "Red". Y^yG/F

The Qianlong master naturally ordered to catch again, and at the same time, the rapid return to the capital "manufacturing office" to make office immediately rushed to create a new birdcage. At that time, the masters of the manufacturing office have not seen the red, only know that it can fly out of the cage, the cage of the cage of the Hundred Spirit cage encrypted into 72 strips, now even the larger hummingbirds can not fly out of it! ve6x/ PD

The cage was sent to Jehol, and Hongzi was put into the new cage. The emperor is still not happy: can not run away, but the cage bars are too dense, look blocking the eyes. So again two back to the head of the Hall to redo. After careful consideration, re-design, fine production, the masters of the Office of the Office of the creation of the Red Son of the cage specifications handed down to this day - 64 bars, the outer diameter of 290 millimeters, 200 millimeters high. The new specification takes into account both the ratio of the bird to the cage (the Bailing cage is too big for the Red Son) and the ease of viewing. Even considering the ergonomics - Tianjin red cage than the Beijing cage outside diameter of 5 mm, although only 5 mm, but you carry the Tianjin cage "legs", "frame arm", Beijing cage does not have these problems. The Beijing cage doesn't have these problems. Q]^Yi1PbS

Wild history is very lively, but the legend is also unreliable place: Mr. Jin affected by the Shen in the "life in old Beijing" wrote: red cage in the late Qing Dynasty for the beginning of the nine inches in diameter, and then changed to nine inches two or three minutes. There are sixty, sixty-four and seventy-two cage bars. Mr. Jin is the people of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, personally experienced that era, so I think his old man's description is more credible. It can be seen that the design and manufacture of red cages are constantly evolving. The account in the wild history is not free from bias. On the beginning of red feeding, there is no clear written record, this wild history mentioned "Qianlong years" is the earliest known point in time, but in some of the plaything market has also seen the bottom of the child printed with "Kangxi years" red food and water cans, and was proved that For authenticity, in that case, the red feeding history and to advance. Let us first put aside the difficult to prove the history, take a look at all aspects of red feeding it! I assure Chairman Mao that it is in no way below history A4}#U=3tI

The book picks up where it left off. The saying goes: "If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools", so when it comes to the breeding of red seeds, it is necessary to first say that the red seeds of the "things". A full set of "things" jargon called a "mention of the child" (sound: di a light sound lou), including: a grasp (a hook), a cover cloth or cover plate, a cage cavity, a hall of bird feeders (four or five), bird feeders canisters, canisters, wear know A bird feeder (four or five), a holder for the feeder, a stick for threading a robin (to be used only when needed), bird bars (one or two), and a bird poop mat. It looks simple, but in fact, it's a lot more complicated. pcNSL'u+

First of all, let's talk about the cage. The cage cavity is the main body of a straddle, can also be said to be a straddle in the "practicality" of the biggest part - to close the bird! I have seen in the bird market in Gaobeidian Town, Hebei Province, with broken wire baskets made of bird cages - only cage cavity (if the broken baskets are also counted) - can also fulfill the task of raising birds, birds off. But playing with contraptions is not that casual or simple. Serious cage cavity from the material points: bamboo, wood, iron, teeth (******), bamboo and iron system of five categories; from the shape points: square (bread cage), round two kinds; from the value of points and have: playing the cage, the cage, the cage, the appreciation of the cage of three kinds. vsc&Ju%k

Red nature, naughty, mouth and claws peeling shaving, the most vulnerable to cage damage, so the red cage will have many materials. In the Qing Dynasty, the most common is "Qiu Zi cage". "Qiu Zi Cage", more long type, on the round car canopy shape, is the ends of the straight wire cage, a said to the best made by the Qiu surname, one said that the shape of the coffin like the Tu Chu "Qiu Zi", and thus the name. "Qiu Zi Cage" is undoubtedly the original shape of the square cage, perhaps the association of the Tuo Chu coffin makes people feel bad, and later, after seeing the shape of the Western bread, people changed their name to "bread cage". Iron square cage, mostly "playing cage", "with cage", "cage", "raise cage", because of its strong and not easy to damage, mostly used for bird catching, raising birds and trading on the way, its use value is much greater than the ornamental value! The production process is also relatively simple, so most of the players who are concerned about the disdain. 72u db^

Some people later made birdcages from rosewood and pearwood. Played Premier Zhou's Mr. Wang Tiecheng's home has a few rosewood made birdcages, is said to have seen the price of tens of thousands. Even the general goods are often priced at thousands of dollars. Compared with rosewood, rosewood is more solid, not easy to deform. Hardwood birdcage raw materials are expensive, complex production process, labor and materials, and because of its weight is heavy, not easy to clean, more than "swinging cage", "appreciate the cage", rarely seen people with their birds. Not long ago, I have seen a bird market in Tianjin Wei ****** round cage, cage cavity parts are made of ******, the whole birdcage graceful and luxurious, beautiful, thanks to who also do not want to use these "heavenly creation" bird it! It can be said that the wooden birdcage and iron birdcage is the cage cavity child use value and ornamental value of the two extremes. Hardwood birdcage now stock is small, is the player can be encountered but can not be sought treasures, dental cage is a rare treasure. So most players collect, use or bamboo cage. sLZ>v

Why use bamboo as raw material? I think there are two main reasons. On the one hand, the objective characteristics of bamboo itself: first, bamboo raw materials are abundant, inexpensive; second, the ductility and processability of bamboo and can be brushed with water is not easy to deform, as we all know, even if the material is made of softer rosewood 290 mm in diameter of the birdcage "big circle" is quite difficult, not to mention that the Hardwood and ******, the processing of bamboo production is relatively simple, which is the objective reason for more bamboo cages. On the other hand is the emotional heritage of traditional Chinese culture: bamboo, in China's traditional culture has always been elegant, ancient, handsome and other character, bamboo products are also due to its raw materials inherited such a spirit, and thus for the people of the country love, which is the subjective reasons for the bamboo cage more. Rh[Ibm56

The late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of bamboo cages exist in greater quantities, there are some of the modern production of bamboo cages of craftsmen, then bamboo cages are not nothing unusual? This is not true! Because of the mainstream bamboo cage, bamboo cage selection and production has been developed to the level of excellence, seemingly simple, simple bamboo cage, contains a lot of "pay attention to". =D}4X1l

The quality of a bamboo cage should be judged from four aspects: the shape of the cage cavity, the choice of materials, the detailed features and why it was made. svqvG7

First of all, the shape. The overall appearance of the cage cavity is the easiest to observe. The first thing to look at is the "top", look at the "top" is "concave" is "convex" or with the "head circle". The first thing to look at is the "top", see whether the "top" is "concave" or "convex" or with the "head circle" level, "top" form directly reflects the cage cavity is solid, concave top convex top are indicating that the cage cavity structure has certain problems, the craftsman's craftsmanship is not good. If possible, you can also gently press the top of the cage to see if it is up and down "flopping". However, it should be noted that some of the older cage cavity due to the longer time, there will be "collapse of the top" of the problem. The second thing to look at is whether the "five circles" on the cage are level. Then there is the bottom of the red cage. There are three kinds of bottom, in the early years for the bottom of the strip, to bamboo strips connected; later because of the red cage and keep yellow bird children, appeared in the bottom of the board of the Ann plywood; and then later to the bottom of the board of lacquer lacquer bottom, known in the industry as the "putty bottom". Three kinds of cage bottom has its own advantages and disadvantages: the bottom of the production of complex, labor-intensive materials, lighter but relatively easy to damage; board bottom and putty bottom production process is simple, not easy to damage but the weight is also more heavy. Cage bottom form on the value of the cage has little impact, choose to buy or pay attention to the workmanship. y)tYSTJK

The basic structure of the shape of the qualified bird cage, it has the value of use, can be used as a cage. But as an appreciation of the cage must look at the material of the bird cage selection. My dad told me, "A good birdcage is made from a single piece of bamboo." Don't take this statement one-sidedly as "a good birdcage should be made of one piece of bamboo", it means "a good birdcage should be made of the same piece of bamboo for all its parts (except for the bottom of the board)". How to recognize this standard? First: if the selection of materials from the same bamboo, then "five-way ring" and "big side" on the bamboo traces should be a one-to-one correspondence; Second: five-way ring, big side and can not show the bamboo cage should be the same color, the jargon is "skin color". Then look at the quality of the bamboo used in this cage, that is, look at the "skin color", the new live color and lustre light yellow, the old live color and lustre darker. Good bird cage color is bright, the general will be "Wu Tu". The color of the cage is related to the time of manufacture on the one hand, and the maintenance on the other. Good maintenance of the birdcage color is good, the pulp is also good, the material itself is good and even maintain a deep chestnut color, coupled with the luster of the pulp, is not a piece of elegant atmosphere of the ornaments. In the bamboo cage, especially to put forward is "big lacquer cage". "Lacquer cage" is a lacquered bamboo cage, generally have "purple lacquer", "black lacquer" two kinds. "Lacquer cage" can not see the material of bamboo, only on the lacquer process to identify the advantages and disadvantages, good "lacquer cage" lacquer moist color uniform and has the luster of lacquer, quite ornamental. But the lacquered bamboo cage can not be seen on the bamboo material is good or bad, craftsmen often will be poor material bamboo cage lacquer, in order to cover up its imperfections, over time the lacquer loosening, peeling off the material will often be found to have a big problem. And the lacquer cage is heavy, the lacquer surface is easy to damage, and is not conducive to as a cage. Therefore, although the "large lacquer cage" is beautiful and atmospheric, it is not sought after by players. !D7"=G}HD

Some people may ask: "Some players can accurately tell which cage was made by whom, and the price of bird cages from famous artists is very high. How can people tell by the same size cage cavity? How can they not 'eyeball' it?" It all depends on the fine features of the cage cavity. The so-called fine features, refers to the cage door, cage bars, interfaces, pins and other places of different installation, reinforcement. These subtle differences reflect the craftsmanship of the makers and become their "business cards". Old Beijing has been recognizing "brands" since ancient times, and in the late Qing Dynasty and early Civil War, it was said that "the hooks of the old Zhao family and the cages of the Wang Clutch". "Old Zhao's hooks" refers to the hooks made by "Old Little Zhao", the foreman of the Qing Palace Office, and his heirs; "Wang Clutch's cage" refers to the work of the artisan and his heirs, as we mentioned above. The "Wang Clutch's Cage" naturally refers to the craftsman we mentioned above and his heir's work. "Wang clenched" because he is good at figuring out things and named, "old small Zhao" is because of its generation, craftsmanship worthy of being called an "old" word, but also because in front of the eyes of the Emperor as a businessman, any you more Big is also "small", so there is "old small" this strange title. In addition to these two schools, there were also "Lao Xiao Guo", "Lao Xiao Zhang", "Zhuo Zhou Ma", "Lao Ji", "San He Qiao", "San He Qiao", "Zhuo Zhou Ma", "Zhuo Zhou Ma", "Zhuo Zhou Ma" and "Lao Ji", "Sanhe Qiao" and other famous hook makers and cage makers of different periods. People's artifacts are marked. Hk~k@Wft

About these marks, allow me to sell a secret, let's talk next time.