What are the benefits of Montessori education for children?

Montessori is a world-famous expert in early childhood education. For a hundred years, her educational ideas and methods have always had a positive impact on preschool education in the world. Montessori's education method is an excellent educational model to carry out quality education and develop children's potential. 1. Ten characteristics of Mongolian education: 1, child-centered. Children are regarded as independent individuals different from adults, and the adult teaching concept is opposed. 2. "There is no class in teaching". Montessori opposes teacher-centered cramming teaching, and advocates starting with daily life training, with a good learning environment and rich educational content, allowing children to learn spontaneously and actively and construct their perfect personality. 3. Grasp the sensitive period of children. Children aged 0- 6 will have a certain preference tendency in a certain period. If you study along the sensitive period, you can get the maximum learning effect of this feature. The teacher plays the role of tutor. Generally speaking, Mr. Montessori is called a mentor. He must have a deep understanding of the child's spiritual world and know the child's development like the back of his hand in order to provide timely and appropriate help and guidance to the child. 5. Cultivation of complete personality. The ultimate goal of Montessori education is to help children normalize. Through the design of environment and the operation of teaching AIDS, children can establish a perfect personality step by step. 6. Respect the growth rhythm of children. Montessori education requires teachers to teach students in accordance with their aptitude according to the development process of children, and not to engage in one-size-fits-all education according to different characteristics. 7. Mixed age education. Let children of different ages be together, so that younger children can have imitators of different ages, while older children can enhance their knowledge and ability by helping younger children. 8. Rich teaching materials and teaching AIDS. Montessori's teaching AIDS are very rich, but they are not tools for teachers to teach, but materials for children to work with. Through these tasks, children can establish a perfect personality from self-repeated operation exercises. 9. Eliminate the single reward and punishment system. Montessori teaching respects children and cultivates their budding sense of dignity. 10, explosive teaching achievement. Montessori education respects children's inner needs and allows them to grow up in a timely and appropriate manner. It is not easy to perceive the results in the short term, but it will show the child's inner mental development level in the form of an explosion at some time. Second, the foundation of liberalism-Mongolian education law. Freedom is the basic principle of Montessori's educational method. Montessori called her education method "education method based on freedom", also known as "education of free research". Therefore, grasping the connotation of "freedom" is the premise of understanding the essence of Mongolian education law. (1), about freedom. Montessori believes that freedom means that children can do what they like and accept any top-down orders or coercion and repression without being bound by anyone. A child whose spontaneity of vitality is suppressed will never show his original nature, just like a butterfly specimen whose wings are pinned by a pin, losing the essence of life. So the teacher can't observe the actual situation of the child. Therefore, we must study children in a scientific way. First of all, we should give children freedom and promote their spontaneous expression, and then observe and study. The so-called freedom for children here is different from indulgence or unlimited freedom. Montessori said: "Let children learn to distinguish right from wrong and know what not to do. Such as willfulness, irrationality, violence, disturbing order, obstructing group activities, etc., will be strictly prohibited and gradually eradicated. They must be patiently tutored, which is the basic principle of maintaining discipline. " In fact, indulging children will never be truly free. (2), about discipline. Montessori believes that discipline is a positive state and is based on freedom. A person who is as quiet as a mute and as motionless as a paralyzed person cannot be regarded as a disciplined person. Positive discipline contains a noble educational principle, which is completely different from the "immobility" caused by coercion. She said: the cultivation of discipline can not rely on propaganda and preaching, nor on blaming mistakes, but on natural activities. It is important to let children know discipline in activities, accept and abide by collective rules from understanding, and distinguish right from wrong. Therefore, true freedom also includes the ability to think and understand. A disciplined person should take the initiative to control himself when it is necessary to obey the rules, instead of giving in to others. In the activity room of Montessori school, children can move freely, talk, exchange places, and even move desks and chairs at will. Children in the classroom have purposeful and voluntary activities, and everyone is busy with their work, walking around quietly, taking things away and putting them away without causing confusion. Because they know that it is necessary to be quiet and orderly, and they also know that some activities are forbidden. When children grow up in this environment, they will naturally pay attention to their behavior. In this way, you will form a good habit of obeying discipline. Third, environmental education children Montessori attaches great importance to the environment. She said: "In our school, the environment educates children." It is considered that the environment is an important conservation content, and many aspects of conservation methods are also determined by the environment. Children need a suitable environment to develop normally and perfect their personality. Generally speaking, however, most children live in unsuitable environments. Children are naturally close to nature, but with the development of civilization, nature is getting farther and farther away from children. They live in an adult world, and everything around them is not completely suitable for them in terms of specifications, weight and shape, so it is difficult to operate at will. The purpose of "preparing the environment" is to enable children in embryonic state to grow up smoothly and prepare the environment for spiritual food such as order and wisdom. For children before the age of six, the environment in which adults and children live is very different in size and rhythm. Therefore, children must always rely on the help of adults in their activities. Children have always relied on the assistance of adults, unable to complete their due growth, unable to control their own lives, unable to educate themselves and unable to exercise themselves. If there is no ideal environment, children can't realize their abilities, so they can never be independent from adults. Therefore, Montessori created an environment for children according to their sensitive period and mental absorption before the age of six, so that children can live by themselves. This environment is a "prepared environment". Its significance is not only the environment, but also the way for children to face the future world and all cultures in the near future. Therefore, the following conditions must be met: (1), give full play to the rhythm and pace of children. There are great differences between children and adults in psychology and physiology. Adults' cognition and feelings in an hour are completely different from those experienced by children. Children perceive the world with their own unique pace and get many things that adults can't imagine. Children's unique rhythm has become a part of their personality. Adults living in a complex and changeable cultural environment must protect the environment needed by children's unique "rhythm or pace". (2) Give children a sense of security. Human children mature later than other animals, so they need shelter more. When the child's body feels dangerous, caring for the child with gentle and encouraging eyes can make them move freely and freely. (3) Places and appliances that can move freely. Children must rely on sports to express their personality. Especially their minds, must be combined with sports in order to fully develop. Therefore, children should be exposed to things-tools and places that can move freely, such as collecting, decomposing, moving, rotating and changing positions. (4) beauty. Beauty is very attractive to children, and children's initial desire for activities is caused by beauty. Therefore, the objects around children, regardless of color, luster and shape, must have a good feeling. (5) Necessary restrictions. Don't have too many teaching materials or activities around children. Too many things confuse children's spirit, and they don't know what kind of textbooks to choose and what kind of activities to engage in. So you can't concentrate on the object. In order to prevent children from doing unnecessary activities and causing mental fatigue and relaxation, teaching materials and activities must be limited to some extent. (6), order. Children's sense of order reached its peak at the age of two, and in the following years, children's sense of order was extremely special. The relationship between the sense of order and children in this period is like fish and water, houses and foundations. In fact, children will focus on the sense of order, use wisdom to distinguish and analogy, and internalize things around them. If there is no order, everything will be chaotic and children will lose their sense of direction. Therefore, order must exist in every part of a prepared environment. (7) Coherence with the whole culture. The so-called "order exists in every part of a prepared environment" is to incorporate order into teaching materials and expand children's wisdom. This kind of order can make children work hard towards real and correct "work", that is, children can really and seriously carry out "real life" Children who can concentrate on their own activities independently can really be active in the next stage of the adult world. And order should be shown in a "prepared environment" consistent with the cultural world of adults. Four, the five educational contents of Mongolian education: daily life education: including basic action training, taking care of yourself, taking care of the environment, taking care of others and social behavior. Cultivate children's independence, autonomy, concentration, hand-eye coordination and self-confidence. Sensory education: through the training of vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch, cultivate children's observation, classification and attention. Mathematics education: cultivate children's preliminary quantitative concepts, logical thinking ability, understanding ability and judgment ability. Language education: cultivate children's listening, speaking, recognizing, reading and writing abilities through listening, speaking, seeing, phoning, writing and reading exercises. Science and culture education: including nature, geography, history, science, music and fine arts. By letting children learn national culture, they can cultivate their love for science and national pride, and stimulate their curiosity and thirst for knowledge. Grasping the sensitive period of children in time is the life-saving grace given by nature to children. If the sensitive period cannot develop when the internal demand is blocked, the best period of learning will be lost. If you want to learn this thing again in the future, although it will take more effort and time, the results are not significant. How to use this motivation to help children grow up more perfectly is the responsibility of adults. The following suggestions can help parents grasp the sensitive period of their children in time: 1. Respect children as capable individuals. Children are naturally capable learners. They will find the natural law of growth and constantly let themselves grow into "more capable" individuals. This is the first thing that parents should change. 2, carefully observe the emergence of sensitive period. Every child's sensitive period is not exactly the same. Therefore, adults must observe children's internal needs and individual characteristics with an objective attitude. 3. Arrange a rich learning environment. When observing the emergence of a child's sensitive period, adults should try their best to prepare an environment to meet his growth needs. 4. Encourage children to explore freely. When children gain respect and trust, they will freely explore and try in the environment. 5, timely assistance without intervention. When children are keen on something they are interested in, adults should "let the children do it themselves" and avoid interference. However, it is not necessary to leave the child completely, but to provide timely help and guidance. In fact, Meng Ban focuses on the cultivation of conventional behavior habits and mathematical concepts. Let children improve themselves through trial and error by letting them operate teaching AIDS themselves. Teachers mainly observe and guide in class. I think it is good for children to have more contact when they are young, especially when they are 3-4 years old. However, Mongolian classes do not cultivate children's imagination and personality much. In addition, the cost of Mongolian education is also very high, and almost all its teaching AIDS are imported.