Senior History Book 2 Answers

Lesson 1

I. 10,000? Animal husbandry? Yanhuang? Central Plains?C?C?C?C?Copy 5

II. Building, Cooking, Fishing, Hunting, and Farming. Before the invention of writing, the myths and legends passed down by word of mouth were the first people's exaggerated accounts of the history of the ancient times. There were exaggerations in them, but to some extent they also contained some valid information.

Specializing in rice cultivation, the people had advanced agricultural tools, and their houses were built in the dry-fence style. Boats and boats were the main means of traveling, and natural things such as birds and the sun were revered.

Lesson 2

I. Zen? Hereditary? State? Erlitou culture?B?C?B?D?Hereditary instead of hereditary, "world as a family" instead of "world as a commonwealth" society; Xia Dynasty had set up officials; ~ had a certain number of armies; ~ had set up prisons and made criminal laws.

2. The appearance of palace complexes showed the obvious social differentiation; bronze and jade wares were mostly used as ceremonial and sacrificial wares, which to a certain extent reflected the strict social hierarchy and the people's reverence for the gods at that time.

The archaeological excavation in Material 1 confirms the record of "the city..., the ritual..." in Material 2.

Archaeological excavations have the function of corroborating or supplementing documentary records.

Lesson 3

I. Soup? Internal consumption? External service? Oracle? Shang?B?A?C?D?Politics: practiced internal and external service. Economy: emphasized agriculture; developed bronze casting industry. Wen: the A-ancient script was a more mature script. Si: revered ghosts, gods and ancestors; practiced the rule of rites.

II. It helps to understand the economic situation, production and living condition and ruling condition of the Shang Dynasty.

The custom of merchants divining everything in Material 1 corroborates the statement in Material 2.

The A Guwen is a direct record reflecting the social life of the Shang Dynasty and is a first-hand source of information for the study of the history of the Shang Dynasty. It also corroborates the records of some historical documents about the Shang Dynasty, which makes the history of the Shang Dynasty a history of credibility.?

Unit 1 Exercises

I. It is characterized by a sky full of stars and eight majestic directions, with the highest concentration in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in the Middle Plains during the period.

Same: dryland agriculture and rice agriculture appeared almost simultaneously, showing a pattern of north and south. Difference: the southern rice and northern corn, the specific crops are different. Cause: different geographical location, the north is dry and less rainy, suitable for dry agriculture; the south is humid and rainy, suitable for rice agriculture. C?The origin of agriculture, so that human beings no longer rely solely on gathering and fishing and hunting for a living, so that human beings become food producers, providing a sustainable supply of food sources for people. At the same time, a more stable settlement was secured, and as production capacity increased and the population grew, people gathered and settled in clans, forming the first farming settlements.

Ancient Two River Basin, Ancient Egypt, Ancient India, etc.

Second, inter-tribal ** intensification; the emergence of overriding political entities above the general community or tribe. Difference: the initial farming settlements were *** with farming, equal distribution; and this period with the development of productive forces, the emergence of private ownership, the original equal relationship has been destroyed.

There is some truth in this. Because of the obvious difference between the burials, reflecting the different social hierarchies have existed; burials according to the different levels of matching, to a certain extent, reflecting the beginning of the hierarchical ritual culture; Zhu Shu characters, may be an early text; specifications of the discovery of the larger city site, but also reflects the social differentiation is obvious.

Movement: from chancel system to hereditary system. Image: marking the establishment of private ownership and the emergence of the state; marking the completion of the Xia Dynasty's transition from a primitive society to a class society. Cause: the development of productive forces, the emergence of private ownership and class differentiation, etc.?

The Shang bronzes were beautifully crafted, with a variety of forms and functions, unique decorations, etc. A?Because oracle bone inscriptions were the origin of Chinese characters, the continuous development of Chinese characters based on oracle bone inscriptions played an important role in the transmission of Chinese civilization, and later Chinese characters also had an important influence on the creation of characters in some East Asian countries.

Three, because before the invention of writing, many events were transmitted orally. Myths and legends, on the one hand, are exaggerated and imaginary, and their credibility is low; however, because myths and legends carry the collective memories of the early ancestors, there is a certain amount of real historical information implicit in them, which is worth cherishing.

The use of fire, animal husbandry, and cultivation of crops?

D?Because from the mutual corroboration of archaeological discoveries and historical documents, the Erlitou site matches very well with the Xia Dynasty in terms of time and geography.

Material on paper and material underground. Historical documents, archaeological excavations. Through the underground material, the material on paper to supplement, corroboration and defense, etc..

Ancient Oracle Rhetoric. Because the oracle bone script is a more mature Chinese character; oracle bone divination rhetoric is a direct record of people's activities at that time, is the study of the history of the Shang Dynasty first-hand information, the value of historical materials is very high; coupled with the rhetoric seen in the lineage of the royal family of the Yin Dynasty and the "Historical Records? The lineage of the Yin royal family seen in the dictionary is basically the same as the lineage of the Shang emperors contained in the "Yin Benji", so the history of the Shang Dynasty is called the history of faith.

The Fourth Lesson

I. The Yin People? The Yin people? Rituals and music? The Mandate of Heaven?A?A?D?B?

II. The Duke of Zhou, named Dan, was the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou, and was known as the Duke of Zhou because of his fiefdom in Zhou, and was a famous statesman and thinker in the history of China. After the death of King Wu, he assisted King Cheng for seven years, pacified rebellions in various places, conquered the remnants of Yin and Shang's power in the east, formulated a system of rituals and music, and put forward a set of ideas to "honor the heavens and protect the people". These measures consolidated and expanded the Zhou's territory and influence, and had a profound impact on Confucianism and China's ancient political thought.

Eating utensils.

King (political) power.

The Battle of Makino, in which King Wu destroyed Zhou and established the Western Zhou.

It shows that the king of Chu coveted the power of the Zhou Dynasty and wanted to replace it; it reflects the historical fact that the power of the vassals was strengthened in the late Zhou Dynasty and the Zhou royal family declined.

Lesson 5

I. Centralized Grand Unification? Qin? The scholar? Confucianism? Law? Dao?CCDAC?

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Lesson 6? The Formation of a Great Unitary Centralized State

Practice and Assessment

1. It is often said that the advanced can become backward, and that the latecomer can rise to the top. Take the unification of Qin as an example, and tell us what conditions must be met for the later to prevail.

1) to change the law to make it stronger and to catch up: for example, Duke Xiaodong of Qin appointed Shang Yang to change the law; ② the policy should be stable and continuous: although Shang Yang was killed, his reform system was continued; ③ to break with the tradition and emphasize the talents: Qin broke the boundaries of the patriarchal system and tried his best to absorb the excellent talents of other countries and entrusted them with important posts and honored them as "guest ministers". Due to the above reasons, Qin was able to rise to the top and became powerful, annexing six states and establishing a unified empire.

2. Combining the contents of Lessons 5 and 6, talk about the basis, conditions and reasons for the formation of a unified state in the Qin Dynasty.

Political foundation: during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, years of conquests, strife among the states, the annexation of small states by large states, the formation of the "Seven Kingdoms of the Warring States", the annexation of the seven states to the surrounding small states and the opening up of the borderlands, the completion of regional unity, laying the groundwork for the Qin's unity; economic foundation: the use of iron agricultural tools for agricultural production, the emergence of the ploughing technology, the expansion of arable land, private hands, and the expansion of the ploughing technology. , expansion of arable land, active private handicrafts and commerce, and strengthening of economic ties between different regions; theoretical basis: the Legalists advocated the implementation of a centralized system of power for the monarch.

Conditions and reasons: Duke Xiaodong of Qin appointed Shang Yang to change the law with the goal of enriching the country, strengthening the army and annexing the world; he abolished the well-field system, abolished the Shiqing Shilu, rewarded plowing and war, and established the county system; he emphasized the use of talents, and made the country strong and the army powerful. The transportation between the vassal states was convenient, and the people of Qin were simple and honest, making it the most powerful of the seven vassal states.