What were the main regional trade circles in the ancient world? What's the situation?

(1) Mediterranean trade circle. In the world trade in the Middle Ages, the Mediterranean still occupied an important position. On the one hand, the mutual trade between Mediterranean countries has been very prosperous; On the other hand, the Mediterranean Sea is the hub of East-West trade, connecting the western European countries with the eastern region. Constantinople became the center of East-West trade and was later replaced by Venice and Genoa.

(2) East Asian trade circle.

East Asia trade circle is another trade circle in the ancient world, always centered on China. This trade circle includes China, Japanese, Korean, South Asia and Indian zhina.

A. Sino-Japanese trade:

The Qin and Han Dynasties began, and the Sui and Tang Dynasties reached their peak. At that time, the system of sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty was established between China and Japan, not only for political and cultural exchanges, but also for trade exchanges. At this time, Japan imported a lot of goods from China.

Song Dynasty: Sino-Japanese trade further expanded. Because of economic development, Japan exports a lot of goods like China, and Japan imports a lot of copper coins from China.

Ming Dynasty: The Ming government implemented the "tribute ship system", and Japanese businessmen made big profits. But at that time, the political situation in Japan was chaotic and there were many pirates. Japan has implemented a "lock-in policy", but non-governmental trade has never stopped. B. Sino-Korean trade: The Tang Dynasty reached its peak due to the implementation of the system of sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty. By the Ming Dynasty, the trade structure between China and North Korea was relatively perfect.

C. Trade between China and Southeast Asia: Malay Peninsula, Indonesian, Philippine and other countries. It is an intermediate link in China's trade with the West.

D. Trade between China and Indian zhina: Lee Dynasty, Zhancheng, etc. In Song Dynasty, the trade between China and Vietnamese Lee Dynasty was mainly limited to border trade. In addition, Zhancheng has developed into an international trade center in zhina, India, and is an intermediate link between China and South Asia and the Indian Ocean, with an important position.

(3) Baltic Sea and North Sea Trade Circle

The Baltic and North Sea trade circle, that is, the Nordic trade circle, was only formed in the Middle Ages. Compared with Mediterranean trade, Nordic trade was of great significance only in14th century.

On the one hand, due to the developed agriculture in these countries, a large number of valuable and easy-to-transport commodities such as flax, hemp, oil and animal fat have been brought to the market; On the other hand, it is also related to the development of cities in northeast Germany and the Baltic Sea. For example, Flanders is the economic center of the Nordic Trade Zone, and cities such as Hamburg and Bremen also play an important role in intermediary trade.

The Nordic trade circle also has close trade relations with the Ross region. This area is centered on Kiev.