What is the difference between theater and opera and **** the same point?

I. Definition of Drama:

"There are two kinds of flowers, each with its own branch". Let's talk about Chinese drama in terms of "contemporary drama" and "classical drama".

Drama is a literary genre alongside poetry, prose and novels, and is a comprehensive stage art that uses literature, music, dance, art and other artistic means to shape the image of stage art, reveal social conflicts and reflect real life.

Definition of key points:

1, we say "drama" actually refers to the script (dramatic literature)

2, in the West, theater, that is, drama. In China, theater is a general term for opera, drama, opera, etc., and often refers exclusively to drama.

Second, theater classification:

(1), the different forms of expression: drama, opera ("White Hair Girl", "Madame Butterfly"), dance drama ("Red Detachment of Women", "Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty"), poetry, opera

(2), the plot of the complexity and structure: multi-act play, one-act play

The scripts usually use the words "Act" and "scene" to indicate the passage and plot. "Act" refers to the development of the plot of a large paragraph. "A scene" can be divided into several scenes, "a" refers to a scene in a spatial change or time apart from the plot. Scripts are generally not too long, not too many characters, and not too many scene changes. The best way to adapt a short textbook play for beginners is to write it as a short one-act play.

(3), the subject matter reflects the different times: historical drama, modern drama

(4), from the plot theme of the different; tragedy, comedy, positive drama (tragic-comedy).

(5), different from the regional color: Beijing Opera (Beijing), Shanghai Opera (Shanghai)), Henan Opera (Henan), Lv Opera (Shandong Jiangsu), Sichuan Opera, Han Opera (Hubei), Chu Opera (Hubei Jiangxi), Jin Opera (Shanxi), Huangmei Opera (Zhejiang), etc.

(6), the performance of the different occasions: stage plays, radio dramas, television dramas, etc.

Three, the characteristics of the drama:

(1), the script must be suitable for stage performance. Theater itself will not be subject to the limitations of time and space (one act to another, one scene to another, perhaps in a flash is ten years and twenty years, an actor on the stage to turn around, it can be said that he came from Fuzhou to Beijing, he put the sword on the stage, can also be said that he commanded a thousand troops, although we watch nothing.) So performances can be limited by time and space. Concentrating big things that happen in different places and over longer periods of time on a limited stage and in a performance of two or three hours.

(2) There must be a concentrated and sharp conflict (dramatic conflict).

Theater is a reflection of real-life conflicts, "no conflict there is no drama." Conflict it has a certain development process, this process constitutes the plot structure of the play, therefore, the plot structure of the play can be divided into: (Prologue) Beginning - Development - Climax -Ending (epilogue)

A. What is dramatic conflict?

The conflicts shown in the play between the characters, between the characters themselves and between people and the environment, which are mainly reflected in the conflict of ideas and character of the characters in the play. (Let the students give various examples from the plays they have studied.)

Character conflicts, in turn, vary according to the characters' personalities, identities, statuses, and cultural training, and their knowledge of and attitudes toward society, creating a variety of conflicts.

B. The connection and difference between dramatic conflicts and social conflicts

Dramatic conflicts reflect social conflicts and are more concentrated, more acute and more intense than social conflicts. They both have a process of occurrence, development, intensification and resolution.

Appreciation of the play, first of all, to understand the play shows the conflict, to see how the conflict is caused by the nature of the conflict, and then figure out the process of the development of the conflict, so as to fully grasp the plot of the play.

(3), the language of the drama, including the language of the characters (distinctive and vivid character conversation. The language and actions of the characters must be in accordance with their respective identities and characteristics) and stage instructions.

"Without sound, even the best play can't come out"

(1), stage instructions: including character sheets, stage art, environment, sound, characters on and off the stage, gestures, movements, expressions of the characters' dialogues, and so on. These descriptions portray the character and promote the development of the drama plot has a certain role. This part of the language requires concise, concise and clear writing. This part of the content generally appears in the beginning of each scene (scene). The end and the middle of the dialog, usually enclosed in brackets (square or round brackets).

(2), the language of the characters: including monologue, narration, dialogue (monologue is a character in the play alone to express their personal feelings and aspirations; narration is a character in the play behind the back of the other playwrights on the stage from the side of the audience to say. The script is mainly through the lines to promote the development of the plot, character performance) is the main part of the script, its task is to unfold the plot, suggest the character, performance of thematic ideas.

Opera is a traditional art of the Chinese nation. It is a synthesis of various factors of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts. It has a long history of origin, in the long process of development, after more than 800 years of continuous enrichment, innovation and development. It is rich in dance and high technicality, which makes it different from other dramas and a complete system of opera art.

According to incomplete statistics, China's various ethnic regions of the opera genre, there are more than 360 kinds of traditional repertoire tens of thousands. After the founding of the People's Republic of China and the emergence of many adapted traditional repertoire, new historical drama and modern theater to express the themes of modern life, are warmly welcomed by the audience. The more popular and famous types of theater are: Peking Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yueju Opera, Yu Opera, Xiang Opera, Cantonese Opera, Qinqiang Opera, Sichuan Opera, Paiju Opera, Jin Opera, Han Opera, Teochew Opera, Min Opera, Hebei Opera, Huangmei Opera, Hunan Flower Drum Opera ...... and so on more than fifty types of theater, especially the Peking Opera is the most popular, all over the country, regardless of the area of the limitations. However, in recent years, the development of theater art in China is becoming weaker and weaker, and it has been affected by the impact of the new art. In particular, Hong Kong and Taiwan songs flooded into the mainland, students chasing stars, over-ambitious, but little is known about the artistic treasures of our Chinese nation.

Ancient Chinese theater is called "opera" because it is mainly composed of "play" and "song". Chinese opera mainly includes Song and Yuan southern opera, Yuan and Ming miscellaneous operas, legends and Ming and Qing legends, but also includes the traditional repertoire of modern Beijing opera and other local operas, which is the general name of Chinese national theater culture.

○Modern theater mainly refers to plays, operas, and dance dramas that have been imported from the West since the 20th century, with drama being the mainstay, and foreign drama generally referring exclusively to drama.

Chinese opera has a long history, and it first emerged from songs and dances imitating labor.

(1) Pre-Qin - the budding period of opera. The "Ode" in the Book of Songs and the "Nine Songs" in the Chu Ci are the songs and dances sung at the time of sacrificing to the gods. From the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, songs and dances to entertain the gods gradually evolved into songs and dances to entertain people. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Middle Tang Dynasty, there appeared "Jiao Dai" (i.e., a hundred operas), which mainly focuses on competition, "Senjun Opera", which is performed in the form of questions and answers, and "Tap Shake Niang", which plays the role of a song and dance of a short story of life. These were all budding dramas.

(2) Tang Dynasty (middle and late) - the formation of opera. After the middle Tang Dynasty, China's theater developed by leaps and bounds, and the art of theater was gradually formed.

(III) Song and Jin dynasties - the development of opera. The Song Dynasty's "miscellaneous operas", the Jin Dynasty's "Yuanben" and the sung form of "Zhu Gongtiao", from music, structure to content, have laid the foundation for the Yuan Dynasty's miscellaneous operas.

(4) Yuan Dynasty - the maturity of the opera. In the Yuan Dynasty, "miscellaneous operas" were greatly developed on the basis of the original, and became a new type of theater. It possessed the basic characteristics of drama, marking the stage of maturity of China's theater.

Yuan miscellaneous drama is on the fertile soil of folk opera, inheritance and development of the previous generation of various literary and artistic achievements, through the workshop, rows of hospitals, actors, musicians and "book club" talent **** with the efforts, and improve and create a comprehensive stage art. In form, Yuan miscellaneous operas with the four major sets of the Northern Quartet arrangement of the storyline, the incoherence, the use of wedges combined to form a book of four folds of a wedge of the usual format (Wang Shifu's "The Western Wing" is unique in the Yuan miscellaneous operas in the long story, *** wrote five twenty-one folds), each fold of a number of tunes with the same palace key to form a suite, and, if necessary, add another "cuneiform Each of these is composed of a suite of several pieces in the same house key, with a "wedge" added when necessary. At the end, the content of the play is summarized in two, four or eight verses, called "title". Each section consists of three parts: the lyrics, the narration (bingbai) and the section (kopan). The lyrics are filled out according to the tune of the tutor's mood, also known as the text, lyrics or lyrics. Its role is to narrate the storyline, characterization. All the words rhyme with the same rhyme. Narration is a kind of artistic means to express the plot or explain the relationship of the characters in the form of speech, which is divided into dialogues (dialogues between the characters), monologues (words in which the characters express their personal feelings and desires alone) and narration (words that the characters say to the audience behind the backs of other people in the play on the stage), and with whiteness (narration inserted in the lyrics), etc. The characters are the movements and expressions. Section is action, expression, etc. A play is usually sung by the end of the main character or the main character, while the other characters have no singing. The main singer is called "Moben", and the main singer is called "Danben".

Footage:

Mean: male role. In the Yuan miscellaneous plays, the main end is the male protagonist of the play.

Dan: playing female characters. Zheng Dan (the female lead in the play), Xiao Dan, and Wearing Dan.

Jing: commonly known as "flower face", "flower face", most of them play the character or appearance of the male characters have special points. For example, the official (government servant) in "Dou E Grievance" is a net.

Ugly: also known as "three flower face" or "small flower face", mostly play the character of witty characters, there are clowns and martial arts clowns.

Outside: Yuan miscellaneous dramas have outside the end, outside the Dan, outside the net, etc., is the end, Dan, net and other secondary roles in the line. Supervisors - outside the end.

Miscellaneous: also known as "Miscellaneous Dang". The name of the role of the old woman. For example: Granny Cai.