Modern and Ancient Ways of Transmitting Information

Ancient times: Beacon fire, postal station

Modern times: Telephone, letter, e-mail

Ancient ways of transmitting information:

1. Using migratory birds, especially pigeons, geese, etc., as a tool for transmission

2. As a way of stuffing, such as in the belly of the fish, cakes, buns, etc.

3. With special sounds, such as bells, drums, firecrackers

4.

4. With lights, fire, such as lanterns. Beacon and so on

5. There are other signs, furnishings and so on, such as signs to lure the enemy

Modern ways of transmitting information:

1. wired communication transmission, such as telephone, fax, telegraph, television and so on

2. wireless communication transmission, such as walkie-talkies, beepers (in order to phase out), cellular telephones, radio

3. digital communication transmission, the most familiar, connected to the network, and so on

3. The most familiar, connected to the Internet computer, digital television

4. Paper communication transmission, such as letters, newspapers

King's order to pass the Dragon Festival

Warring States of the Chu state of the festival of letters. It is made of bronze, long bar shape, with the first end engraved and cast in the shape of a dragon. The front and back sides are engraved with "the king's order, the order to pass on, leasing a gallery, drinking of", **** nine characters. This kind of copper section has been found many, where for official business to and from the holding of the can be lodged to stop the stagecoach, and get to eat and drink.

Hundred thousand urgent general order

Xixia copper plate has a letter plate, within the lodging standby copper plate, guarding the card in three forms. The copper plate in the picture is a letter plate, also known as the military order plate, for the copper ensemble type, by the upper cover and the bottom of the two parts of the composition. The whole is above and below the round, above the rectangular perforation, can be tied rope or fixed with a belt on the body, so that marching or passing orders are not easy to lose.

Circular part of the diameter of 15 centimeters, round cover side of the semi-circular 0.6 centimeters of the edge of the circle, the center engraved with block letters Xixia "Ci Ran horse burning" (Chinese characters interpreted as "fire rush horse") 4 words, the lower part of the round cover spread smooth, the other side of the card on the upper half of the outer circle also has a width of 0.6 cm. Part of the outer circle also has a 0.6-centimeter-wide half circle, the plate is engraved with a four-link Lonicera curvilinearis decorative pattern, can be inserted into the text in the copper plate. The production process of the copper plate is quite exquisite, copper density is very good, there is no sand hole, the appearance of regular and beautiful. According to the evidence, the Xixia people wrote "the sea of literature" on the "letter plate" interpretation said: "rapid and urgent fire immediately with, so the name of the letter plate", indicating that this card for emergency military affairs that is 100,000 fire when conveying the military orders of the special sign, is the Xixia army official level higher level of the use of the person.

According to the "renewed Ziji Tongjian long edition", the Song army in the Yuanfeng five years (1082 years) in June of the war with the Western Xia, beheaded the Western Xia "commander of the army Weiming ink Qin Wei, deputy commander of the army Abuja, got the copper seal, the starting symbol of the army, the army of the book, and was the head of the tomato Ding where thirty-eight levels, the imperial edict of the seal of the seal of the deed to the military book of the army of the horse to come up". Here said "military" that is "sign" or for the transfer of military special "military order letter plate".

China is one of the first countries in the world to establish an organized delivery information system. As early as three thousand years ago in the Shang Dynasty, information transfer has been recorded. Passing by horse is said to be stage, stage is the early organized communication. Located in Jiayuguan Railway Station Square, the "postman" sculpture, which is taken from the Jiayuguan Wei and Jin Dynasty mural tomb, the postman holding up the documents and paperwork, the stagecoach four-legged air, speed. This brick mural picture in 1982 was the first congress of the All-China philatelic federation as a small chapter stamps theme pattern, which shows that Jiayuguan is one of the birthplaces of Chinese information culture.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, a whole set of postal system was formed. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the instruments passed were divided into grades, and the instruments of different grades were to be passed by special persons and horses in the prescribed order and time. Sending and receiving these documents should be registered, indicating the time, in order to clarify the responsibility.

Sui-Tang period, the stagecoach business has been unprecedented development. Tang Dynasty official postal traffic lines to the capital Chang'an as the center, to the four sides of the radiation, straight to the border areas, roughly 30 miles to set up a post station. According to the "six canons of the Tang Dynasty", there were 1,639 post stations in the country at its peak, and more than 20,000 people specializing in postal service, including 17,000 postal soldiers. Postal stations were divided into three kinds: land, water, and both waterways, and each station was equipped with a post house with post horses, donkeys, post boats, and post fields.

The Tang Dynasty also had express provisions for the journey of the post, the land post fast horse a day to go 6 post that is 180 miles, and then soon to 300 miles a day, the fastest requirement of 500 miles a day; walking staff 50 miles a day; against the water boat, the river 40 miles, the river 50 miles, and the other 60 miles; along the water, all the provisions of 100 to 150 miles. The poet Cen Sen wrote in his poem "On the Way to Longshan, Presenting Judge Ziwen", "A stage passes a stage, and the stagecoach is like a stream of stars; at the same time, it sends out to Xianyang, and the curtain reaches the head of Longshan Mountain". Here he compared the stagecoaches to shooting stars. On the 9th day of the 11th month of the 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. At that time, Tang Xuanzong is Huaqing Palace, the two places are separated by three thousand miles, within six days Tang Xuanzong knew the news, the transmission speed of 500 miles per day. This shows that the organization and speed of postal communication in the Tang Dynasty had reached a very high level.

Song dynasty will be all the official documents and letters of the organization called "delivery", and the emergence of "urgent delivery store". The urgent delivery of the stagecoach horse collar tied with a copper bell, in the road Mercedes-Benz, daytime ringing bell, night fire, crash death is not responsible. Store for horses, several stores for people, rain or shine, day and night. Southern Song Dynasty in the early years of resistance to the gold general Yue Fei was Song Gaozong to twelve gold medals from the front line to force the recall of Lin'an, this kind of gold medals is the urgent delivery store to pass the gold sign, containing 100,000 fire meaning.

1. using migratory birds, especially pigeons, geese, etc. as transmission tools

2. for the way of filling, such as hidden in the fish maw, cakes, buns, etc.

3. to special sounds, such as bells, drums, firecrackers, etc.

4. to light, fire, such as the Kongming lanterns, beacon towers, etc.

5. to the light of the fire, such as the Kongming lanterns. Beacon and so on

5. There are other signs, furnishings and so on, such as signs to lure the enemy

Modern ways of transmitting information:

1. wired communication transmission, such as telephone, fax, telegraph, television and so on

2. wireless communication transmission, such as walkie-talkies, beepers (in order to phase out), cellular telephones, radio

3. digital communication transmission, the most familiar, connected to the network, and so on

3. The most familiar, connected to the Internet computer, digital television

4. Paper communication transmission, such as letters, newspapers, etc.

(written more briefly, if there is a mistake, please correct! Thank you!)

One is the letter, which is distributed by the letter carrier, who rides to each post station and then changes horses to deliver the letter

There are also pigeons, which are used to send letters, tying the letters to the legs of the pigeons and releasing them to fly, and the pigeons return to their original places, and the pigeons are used in the places where the letters are written

There are also some more informal ones, which are rumors, storytelling, and so on, where people spread messages to each other through rumors

There are also some other more irregular ones, which are rumors, storytelling and so on, where people spread messages to each other through rumors.

Or a storyteller would make up a book about something and sing it out in a storytelling style, which is also considered to be information dissemination

One is the letter, which is sent by the letter carrier, who rides a horse to each post station and then switches to a different horse to deliver the letter

And then there is the pigeon, which uses a pigeon, and straps the letter onto the leg of the pigeon, and then releases it, and the pigeon goes back to its original place, and writes the letter from whichever place it came from

There are also the pigeons which are used to carry letters.

There are also some more informal is the rumor, storytelling, etc., people pass the word to each other to spread the information

Or storytellers will be certain things into a book words, with the way of storytelling sung, is also regarded as the dissemination of information

Ancient Communication

Overview

In the ancient times, our country used to beat drums to convey information, the earliest when the end of primitive society, the first time to beat drums to convey information, the first time to beat drums to convey information, the first time when the end of primitive society.

In ancient times, China used drums to convey messages, the earliest being at the end of primitive society.

By the time of the Western Zhou Dynasty, China already had a relatively complete postal system.

In the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, with the political, economic and cultural progress, postal communication was gradually completed.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei's greatest achievement in postal history was the formulation of the Postal Order.

One of the signs of the development of postal communication in the Sui and Tang dynasties was the increase in the number of postal stations.

During the Yuan Dynasty in China, there was another great development of postal service.

The most important feature of the reform of the postal system in the Qing Dynasty was the merger of "post" and "post".

After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, with the establishment of modern postal service, the old postal system was gradually eliminated.

Beacon to pass military intelligence

"Beacon" is a communication method used to pass border military intelligence in ancient China, began in the Shang Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty, extended to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and practiced for thousands of years, especially in the Han Dynasty, the scale of the beacon organization for the big. In the border military fortress or traffic high, every certain distance building a high platform, commonly known as beacon platform, also known as beacon flint, pier beacons, smoke pier. Garrison on the platform to guard, found that the enemy invasion, burning firewood during the day to "burnt smoke" alarm, burning firewood at night to "raise the beacon" (fire) alarm. A burnt beacon, the neighboring stations also see the successive fire, passing from one station to another, in a flash, in order to achieve the report of the enemy, deploying troops, seeking reinforcements, to overcome the enemy to win the purpose.

In our country's history, there is another in order to win the hearts of the beauty of the beacons lit at will, ultimately leading to the death of the country's "beacons play the vassals" of the story.

The Zhou Dynasty, known historically as the Western Zhou, established its capital at Haojing after the destruction of the Shang Dynasty. In the early days, in order to consolidate the power of the state, the king of Zhou successively assigned his brothers, relatives and meritorious officials to various places as vassals, established vassal states, and set up a whole set of systems, and agriculture, handicrafts, and commerce were all developed to a certain extent.

The allusion to the transmission of letters by geese

The allusion to the transmission of letters by geese comes from the Book of Han in the biography of Su Wu. Su Wu biography" in the "Su Wu shepherd sheep" story. According to records, han emperor wudi day han first year (100 BC), han envoy general su wu mission to xiong nu by leather Hou Shan Yu detained, he brave, Shan Yu will be exiled to the North Sea (now Lake Baikal) no man's land shepherding. 19 years later, han zhaodi successor, han and the murder of the peace, marriage. Han envoys came to the murder, asked to release Su Wu back, but Shan Yu refused, but could not say, so they lied that Su Wu has died. Later, Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty sent another envoy to Xiong Nu. Chang Hui, the deputy envoy who went to Xiong Nu with Su Wu and was detained, through the help of the forbidden pawns, met with the Han envoy secretly one night, told the envoy the situation of Su Wu, and came up with a plan to let the Han envoy tell Shan Yu: "When the Son of Heaven of the Han Dynasty hunted in the Shanglin Garden, he shot a goose, with a letter on silk tied to its foot, which reads Su Wu is not dead, but in a great swamp." The Han envoy was very glad to hear this, and rebuked Shan Yu according to Chang Hui's words. Shan Yu was amazed to hear this, but he could not deny it, so he had to release Su Wu.

The Green Bird Transmits Letters

According to China's ancient wondrous book "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", there are three green birds***, named Zhaolan and Ziyan (there is another green bird whose name the author did not access), which are the attendants and messengers of the Queen Mother of the West, and they are able to fly over thousands of mountains and rivers to transmit messages, and deliver the good tidings of good fortune, happiness, and joy to the earth. It is said that the Queen Mother of the West once wrote a letter to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the Queen Mother of the West sent the green bird to deliver the letter, and the green bird carried the letter from the Queen Mother of the West all the way to the Hall of Cheng Hua in front of the Han Palace. In later myths, the green bird evolved into the phoenix, the king of all birds.

Li Jing, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem, "The bluebird does not send letters beyond the clouds, and the lilac knots the sorrows in the rain"; Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem, "I wish that the three bluebirds could report the longing for each other"; and Li Shangyin wrote a poem, "There is not much way to go to Pengshan, but the bluebird is attentive to visit it. The green bird is very attentive to visit", Cui Guofu has a poem "Remote thinking of Han Wu Di, the green bird a few times", borrowed from the allusion to the "green bird to pass the book".

The Yellow Ear

The pigeon is more familiar with the pigeon because now there are pigeon associations and long-distance pigeon races are often held. The fact that pigeons do not get lost in long-distance flights stems from a feature unique to them, namely, the ability to recognize direction by sensing magnetism and latitude.

There is no clear statement about the exact time of the beginning of pigeon messenger, but as early as in the Tang Dynasty, pigeon messenger was already very common. The fifth generation Wang Renyu "Kaiyuan Tianbao remains" book in the "pigeons" records: "Zhang Jiuling when he was a teenager, the family raised pigeons. Every letter with the pro-knowledge, only to tie the book on the feet of the pigeon, according to the teachings of the place, fly to cast. Jiuling eye for flying slaves, the people were all surprised." Zhang Jiuling was a politician and poet in the Tang Dynasty, he not only used carrier pigeons to deliver letters, but also gave them a beautiful name - "Flying Slave". Since then, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, pigeons have been playing an important role in people's communication life.

Kite communication

The kite, which we use for entertainment today, played an important role as an emergency communication tool in ancient times.

Legend has it that as early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the master craftsman of the State of Lu, Gongshu Pan (i.e., Lu Ban), had modeled after the shape of a bird, "chipping bamboo and wood as a magpie, into the flight, three days not", which was made of bamboo and wood as a material that would fly the "wooden magpie", which was the predecessor of the kite. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun invented papermaking, and people used bamboo gabions to make a frame, and then used paper to paste it, which became the "paper kite". In the Five Dynasties, when people made paper kites, they attached a bamboo whistle to them, and when the wind blew the bamboo whistle, the sound was like the sound of a kite, and the word "kite" came from it.

Originally, kites were made for military needs, and their main purpose was to be used for military reconnaissance, or to transmit information and military intelligence. It was only after the Tang Dynasty that kites gradually became an entertaining toy and were spread among the people.

Lighthouses

Lighthouses originated as signaling beacons in ancient Egypt. The world's earliest lighthouse was built in the 7th century B.C. It was located on Cape Baba in the Darnell Strait and stood like a huge bell tower. At that time people burned firewood in the lighthouse and used its firelight to guide their course.

In 280 BC, the ancient Egyptians built a lighthouse on the island of Pharos opposite the city of Alexandria, Egypt, on the order of King Tolomei II Philadelph, which was 85 meters high and burned wood day and night to use the flames and columns of smoke as a sign to aid navigation. Faros lighthouse is known as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, destroyed by an earthquake in 1302. 9 century, France in the Gironde estuary surgical Duon reef on the establishment of the lighthouse, has been twice rebuilt, the existing built in 1611.

Among the old lighthouses, Italy's Leghorn Lighthouse is still in use today. This lighthouse was built in 1304 in stone and is 50 meters high. The first lighthouse in the United States was the Boston Lighthouse built in 1716. After that, in 1823, built a lens lighthouse, 1858 built a power lighthouse, 1885, the first caisson method of building lighthouses on soft foundations, 1906 inaugurated the first gas flash tower. 1850, the world's only 1570 lighthouses, in 1900 increased to 9,400. By early 1984, the total number of lighthouses, including other illuminated beacons, had exceeded 55,000.

Communication towers

In the 18th century, the French engineer Claude Chapet succeeded in developing an accelerated communication tower. Chapey succeeded in developing a practical communication system to speed up the transmission of information. The system consisted of a number of communication towers erected 230 kilometers between Paris and Lille. At the top of these towers was erected a wooden post on which was mounted a horizontal cross-bar which could be turned and swung at various angles by the operation of a rope. At the ends of the horizontal bar are two vertical arms, which can also be turned. In this way, each tower could be formed into 192 different configurations by means of the wooden poles, and nearby towers with telescopes would be able to see the messages indicating the 192 meanings. Passed down in this order, a message could be completed in only 2 minutes over a distance of 230 kilometers. The system was instrumental in the French Revolutionary War in the 18th century.

Signal flags

Signal flag communication has been used on ships for more than 400 years now. The advantage of signal flag communication is that it is very easy, so even though today's modern communication technology is quite advanced, this easy way of communication is still preserved as an important way of proximity communication. When conducting flag communication, signal flags can be used individually or in combination to indicate different meanings. Usually a single flag is flown to indicate what is most urgent, important, or commonly used. For example, flying an A flag means "there are divers below our ship, please slow down and move away from our ship"; flying an O flag means "someone is overboard"; flying a W flag means "our ship needs medical assistance" and so on.

Signals

For 200 years in the 15th and 16th centuries, fleet commanders commanded their ships by firing their guns or hoisting their sails, and in 1777 Admiral Howe, Commander of the British American Fleet, was the first to write a signaling book when he printed one. Later, Admiral Lord Popham used a number of flags as "shorthand" letters to create a complete alphabet of semaphore, and in 1805, when Lord Nelson was commanding the Battle of Trafalgar, his last signal before he was killed in action was Popham Signal No. 16: "Sail close to the enemy, and fight at close quarters."

In 1817, Captain Marriott of the British Navy compiled the first internationally recognized letter number. The Boat and Sea Signal Flags*** had 40 faces, including 26 letter flags, 10 number flags, 3 surrogate flags and 1 answer flag. The shapes of the flags are different: dovetail, rectangle, trapezoid, triangle and so on. The colors and patterns of the flags also vary.

Modern:

Cell phones, computers, business pain, telephones, radio, TV, books, etc. ......

Language, eyes, gestures, cell phones, computers, business pain, telephone, radio, television, books, the Internet, and so on, too much

Quick delivery, online delivery, cell phones, telephones, SmarTone, letters, newsletters, advertisements

Sending emails, sending text messages, making phone calls, sending faxes, videoconferencing, satellite positioning, postal mail, such as QQ, and other chatting tools, and so on and so forth. High-tech methods

Quick delivery, online delivery, cell phones, telephones, SmarTone, letters, newsletters, advertisements, e-mailing, texting, calling, faxing, language, eyes, gestures, cell phones, computers, business pain, telephones, radio, television, books, the Internet

These are the most common ways to send a message.