What are the characteristics of the moonflower?

Month season (ChineseRoses) scientific name Rosecvs. alias periwinkle, moon red, four seasons rose, etc., family Rosaceae, genus Rosa, native to China. Flowers large, fragrant, widely used in horticulture and cut flowers, loved by the world, the external shape of the rose, known in English as the "Chinese rose", the moon season has been cultivated a variety of colorful varieties and was crowned with a variety of names.

Month season belongs to the family Rosaceae, rose plants for thorny shrubs or trailing, green climbing plants. Leaves alternate, odd pinnately compound. Flowers solitary or in rows of corymbs, panicles; petals; or double petals. A variety of flowers are fragrant. After flowering, the receptacle expanded, that is, become a rosehip, red, yellow, orange-red, black purple and other colors, in the shape of round, flat, long due and so on. Moonflower is an evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub with hooked prickles. Pinnate leaflets 3 to 5, flowers often clustered, slightly fragrant, single petal, pink or nearly white. Flowering period in October. Such as perfume moon, from the moon and giant-flowered rose natural hybridization. Branches long, often with climbing, leaflets 5-7, glossy surface, new, young leaves are often bronze color. Flowers are pink, light yellow, orange, pure white and other colors, fragrant, growing season blooming endlessly. The modern moon season is a group of hybrid moon season varieties that have been crossbred many times and selected over a long period of time. Shrubs or vines; thicker, larger and glossy surface leaves; flower buds are more ovoid, richly shaped, compound to double petals, lightly to strongly fragrant. Continuous flowering, and in May to June and September to October for the blooming period.

Rosaceae plants are native to the northern hemisphere, almost throughout Asia and Europe, China is one of the origin of the moon season. Now all provinces are cultivated. Moonflower on the environmental adaptability, like warm and cool climate and plenty of sunshine, drought-resistant, cold-resistant. Moonflower for China's native species, has a thousand years of cultivation history. Moonflower is known as the queen of flowers in the world, in the 17th to 18th century, imported into Europe, they used the European species of moonflower for repeated hybridization, after more than two hundred years to create more than 20,000 horticultural varieties. These varieties are categorized as Chinese moonflower, miniature moonflower, ten sisters moonflower, multi-flowered moonflower, extra-large moonflower, single-flowered large moonflower and vine moonflower. The roots, leaves and flowers of the moonflower can be used medicinally, with the effect of blood circulation, detoxification and swelling; fragrant varieties can also be extracted from flavorings and food.

Moonflower is one of the top ten traditional Chinese flowers. According to legend, the Shennong era has been the wild moonflower into the home cultivation. It was planted in large quantities in the palace gardens during the Han Dynasty and became more common in the Tang Dynasty. As early as a thousand years ago, moonflower has become a famous flower in China. It has "the world's wind flow" of beauty, its color, shape, fragrance are good, the flowering period of up to half a year, can be from May has been open to November, so there is a "month red", "month open", "Periwinkle", "four seasons rose" and other names. The moon season is known for its strange appearance and color, cold and beautiful spring. 18th century, the Chinese moon season was introduced to Europe through India, enjoying the reputation of "Queen of Flowers" in foreign countries.

Introduction of moonflower varieties: many varieties of moonflower, has reached 20,000 species, ranked among the world's top flowers. Divided into Chinese moon type, hybrid perfume moon type, large-flowered multi-flower type moon type, multi-flower type moon type, ten sisters moon type, vine moon type, emblem type moon type. The moon season is native to China Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Henan, Hebei and other provinces, Tianjin Ziya River and the South Canal area is world-famous hometown of the moon season.

Legend of the moonflower

Peace moonflower is the Frenchman Francis Mellon in 1939, the Frenchman, the Frenchman, the Frenchman, the Frenchman, the Frenchman and the Frenchman. Méran was bred in 1939 under the hooves of Fascism. He sent it to the United States under the code name 3-35-40. American horticulturist bakeye received this oceanic variety, immediately sent to the United States north and south of the important flower beds for propagation. A few years later, this new variety made a comeback and became a sensation all over the U.S. In 1945, the Pacific Moon Season Association named this variety Peace and declared: "We are sure that this new variety of Moon Season, which is the most marvelous of our time, should be named after the greatest wish of the world's people today, "Peace", and we believe that the Peace Moon Season will grow forever in our children's country as an exemplar of peace. We believe that the Peace Moon Season will be a model that will grow forever in the gardens of our children and grandchildren.

The Peace Moon was named on the day that the Allied Forces conquered Berlin and Hitler died. And when the Peace Moon Season was honored with the unconditional surrender of all American imperialism. When the United Nations was founded and held its first conference in San Francisco, in the vase in each delegate's room was a bouquet of Peace Moon Season presented by the American Moon Season Society. A note on it read: We hope that the "peace" moonflower will influence people's thinking and bring lasting peace to the world. During the Second World War, fascist bandits murdered one hundred and seventy-five men over the age of fifteen and put women and children in concentration camps in a village called Risti, fourteen kilometers from Prague. After the war, in honor of these people, many moonflower experts and some voluntary contributors built a moonflower garden here in 1955, where the main variety is Peace.

The characteristics of the moonflower

Biological characteristics of the moonflower

Evergreen or semi-evergreen erect shrubs, branch tips open, usually with barbed prickles, odd pinnately compound leaves, alternate, leaflets 3-5, broadly ovate to elliptic-ovate, leaf surface smooth and glossy, the apex is pointed, the margin is sharply serrate, the petiole and the leaf axis scattered prickles and short glandular hairs Petiole and leaf rachis scattered with prickles and short glandular hairs, stipules largely attached to petiole. Flowers solitary, or several clusters; cut flowers for the varieties are often large-flowered monofloral varieties (also known as HT system), flower shape, color, bud shape, the number of petals vary according to varieties; there are heavy, semi-double and single-valved points, but most of the heavy petals; colorful flowers, red, yellow, purple, pink, white, brown, black and complex colors, some varieties of petals with different spots, stripes or halos, most of them are fragrant.

Lunar characteristics like sunshine, air circulation, well-drained cultivation environment, most varieties of the optimal temperature for the growth of daytime 15 ~ 26 ℃, 10 ~ 15 ℃ at night. Winter temperatures below 5 ℃ into the dormant, can withstand -15 to ℃ of low temperature. Summer temperatures holding 32 ℃ or more into the semi-dormant state, can withstand high temperatures of 35 ℃. Suitable for loose, fertile, pH 6 ~ 7, humus-rich soil. Like 75% to 80% relative humidity, too dry leaf growth is not good, too wet is prone to disease. Flowering branches from sprouting to flowering about 45 to 50 days in summer, 60 to 70 days in winter. Flowers generally open from spring to early winter.

Moonflower varieties are mainly small moonflower, moon red, variegated moonflower.

1. small moon season: plant dwarf multi-branched, generally no more than 25cm high, small and narrow leaves, flowers are also smaller, about 3cm in diameter, rose red, heavy or single petal, suitable for potting bonsai material, cultivars are not many, but the small moon season plays a major role in the dwarfing of the high species.

2. Monthly red: the stem is more slender, often with a purple-red halo, thorns or nearly thornless, thinner leaflets, with a purple halo, the flower is solitary, purple or deep pink, pedicel slender and pendulous, varieties of iron petal red, red moon season.

3. Color change moon season: flower monopetalous, light yellow at the beginning of the opening, followed by orange-red, red and finally slightly dark.

Cut flowers of the moon season has the following characteristics: ① generally should be high for the heart of the crimped or warped, open for a longer period of time, contain but not show, give a person beautiful, generous, novel feeling; ② petal texture hard, outer petals neat, no cracking phenomenon; ③ flowers bright, pure, bright; ④ branches and pedicels upright, strong support, with a certain length; ⑤ durable insertion resistance; ⑥ to have a good yielding performance, the large flowers per square meter of production. Generally large flowers per square meter annual output of about 100; medium-sized flowers of about 150; ⑦ before and after the short interval between the two flower picking.

Methods of propagation of flowers

The propagation of the moon season is based on nutrient propagation, and can be cuttings, grafting, dividing, pressing and so on, with cuttings, grafting the most applications.

1. cuttings propagation

Cuttings propagation of the moon season, first of all, to do a good job in the preparation of the cuttings of the hotbed, to be in the hotbed loaded with heat stuff, such as horse dung or leaves, watering compaction, will produce - a certain amount of heat. From the mother plant of the moon season, cut the half-woody branches after flowering, the length of about 10 centimeters, the general branch has three buds, to cut all the leaves of the lower part of the cuttings, leaving only the top two leaves for photosynthesis, the leaves can not be too much to stay, consuming nutrients within the stems and evaporation of a lot of water, the base of the cuttings cut into a "horseshoe The base of the cuttings is cut into a "horseshoe" diagonal shape, placed in a basin of fresh water to prevent wind drying, cuttings should be taken in a timely manner. The most suitable temperature for rooting moon season 20 ~ 25 ℃, generally more than 8 ℃ in order to start ship rooting. If the ground temperature in winter is below 8 ℃, it is difficult to root the cuttings. When the temperature rises in the spring, in addition to paying attention to the bed spraying, you must not ignore the water in the bed, otherwise, due to lack of water, the cuttings will wither, and even seedlings that have been rooted will be dried up and die. The method of checking the substrate is to insert your hand into the soil at a depth of 8-10 centimeters, take out a little, if your hand is pinched into a ball, it means that the moisture is suitable, and the pinch does not form a ball indicates that the soil lacks water.

First of all, we need to use a stick to make holes and then cuttings in the sand holes by hand, the depth of insertion of 1/3 of the insertion, spacing to the leaves do not ride together as appropriate, inserted in a timely manner with a fine spray bottle watering, watering, the bed of sand sprinkled with plastic film cover, shade for 1 week, the leaves sprayed 1 to 2 times a day, the wound began to heal after about 1 week, a month About the roots can be transplanted, in the transplant to do the root sticky mud, while digging and planting, in the mud mixed with 1% to 2% of copper sulfate and 0.50% or so of urea can prevent root rot and can promote the growth and survival of seedlings. Before potting the pot drain pad on the broken tiles, add the soil mixture, and then plant the seedlings with soil into the pot, layered processing compaction, watered once after planting, placed under the shade 7 ~ 10 days later, moved to the ventilation of sunny places, watered once a day after potting.

2. Grafting propagation

Grafting is the main means of propagation of the moon season, grafting, the choice of rootstock is very important. Sufficient sources of plugs, rooting is easy to adapt to local climatic conditions, and scion has a good affinity, the rootstock commonly used in China for rose. Dormant grafting is often used branching, in the spring before the leaf buds sprout. Growth period grafting is often used bud.

Cultivation and management of moonflower

The cultivation of moonflower is divided into facility cultivation and open field cultivation.

1. Facility cultivation (potted)

Month season is a light-loving plants, but too much light on the development of flower buds is not favorable, but the growth in the sunlight in the place of the growth of slender branches. Season from budding to flowering about 45 days, the optimal temperature for growth 15 ~ 25 ℃, in this temperature range of flowering large and beautiful, to 30 ℃ is slow growth, 30 ℃ above the flowering flowers become smaller, the color of the flowers become pale, 2 ~ 3 years seedling potting to repair the root of the old root short cuts to promote the development of new roots, but the repair of the root should not be too heavy, planted to pay attention to the roots of the stretching system, the plant upright, the pots should not be added to fill the pots are generally in the dormant period, the pots. The moon season grows vigorously, need more fertilizer, potting once a year or every other year, potting in the dormant period, potting needs to be watered twice. Spring, summer and fall should be placed in full sun, good ventilation and not waterlogged site.

After the Qingming, is the moon season out of the cellar of a meticulous pruning, the moon season robust branches selected to stay, the other horizontal branches, weak branches, cross branches, too dense branches should be cut off, the selected branches should be selected from the base of the 3 to 5 buds, the above branches are all cut off, so that the plant absorbs a large number of nutrients from the soil to supply pruning left behind after the branches of the leaf buds and buds of the flower long-term growth needs. Remember to prune the buds after sprouting, pruning late to affect the first flowering, the requirement of growth height consistency, each plant can stay in the main branch 3 to 5 branches, up to 7 branches.

Pot planted moon season is not dry not watering, watering is watering through. Summer weather is hot, evaporation, potted watering should be more, especially in the evening 1 should be watered. Season in the temperature over 30 ℃ is poor growth, flowering less, some people think it is not enough fertilizer will be more fertilizer, but bad things. Summer season is generally not fertilizer, only the growth of strong branches and plants to take thin fertilizer, 1 to 2 times a week, such as after 11 a.m. appropriate shade, 4 p.m. and then sun, to avoid hot temperatures at noon, but also so that it can be subjected to the afternoon before and after the afternoon of the weaker sunlight, is conducive to photosynthesis, and for the next crop of flowers to accumulate nutrients. After pruning can be fertilized, with 50% human urine mixed with 2% calcium superphosphate applied. In mid-February fertilizer with 3% of human urine or 1% urea can be used, but also in the rain before and after the rain sprinkled with urea, in the new red should not be fertilized, this time the fertilizer led to young root injury, so that the plant wilted or stopped growing, so because of special attention.

Moon season also need to carry out medium-term pruning, mainly to cut off the grafted seedling rootstock sprouting tiller branches, after the flower with the leaves to cut off the remnants of the flowers and sparse excess buds, the first crop of flowers will be weak flowers from the base of the cut, the rest of the flower of the strong branches, from the remnants of the flowers under the 2 to 3 leaves to cut off, the second crop of flowers can still be taken to sparse the weak branches, to stay strong branches, strong buds pruning method.

Monthly season also needs to be pruned 1 time before wintering, but not too early, the moon season pruning, not only to select and retain strong branches, but also to pay attention to the main from the uniformity of large-flowered varieties to stay 4 to 6 strong branches, each branch in 30 to 40 cm at the side of the selection of the birth of strong buds, cut off the upper branches of which. Trailing, vine varieties, then remove the old, weak, diseased and insect branches to cultivate the main stem.

2. open-air cultivation

Open-air planting of the moon season, the root system is developed, fast-growing, robust plants, flowers slightly large, high ornamental value, in the management of the different types of different types of growth habits and geographic conditions to choose the cultivation measures, cultivation of the choice of terrain is higher, sunny, air circulation, the soil is slightly acidic. Cultivation of deep turning of the land, and the application of organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, cultivation density upright varieties of 75 cm × 75 cm, expansive varieties of plant spacing for 100 cm × 100 cm, vertical varieties of plant spacing for 40 cm × 50 cm, vine varieties of plant spacing for 200 cm × 200 cm.

Pests and diseases of the moonflower

1. Pharmaceutical control

(1) powdery mildew

A fungal disease that harms flowers in environments that are poorly ventilated at high temperatures and high humidity. Powdery mildew-like phenomenon in the young leaves, called powdery mildew, 600 times the solution of powdery mildew or 400 times the solution of the fungus.

(2) black spot disease

Harmed by fungi, mycelium or conidia in the disease residual branches or fallen leaves in the soil overwintering, the following spring, absorbing water to produce conidia, mainly through the wind and rain spread, rainy, foggy, open air is conducive to spore germination, it is easy to develop. When there are water droplets on the leaves, the spores can germinate and invade after 6 hours. Rainy season under conditions of high air humidity, conducive to the propagation of germs and disease prevalence. Available 0.10 ~ 0.20 degrees of boomerang sulfur composite, 50% of the carbendazim wettable powder 500 - 1000 times liquid spray foliar.

2. Comprehensive prevention and control

To early eradication of the disease, early spring in early April, in the cellar after the tree is not active before the first pruning, in the ungerminated before the moon season for a comprehensive and detailed (including plant potting soil, pots around the site) sprayed with boomerang 0.50 ~ 1 degree of stone sulfur.

Plant regular dosing control, available 75% wettable Chlorothalonil 500 times liquid and 18% of the polybacterial copper 150 times liquid sprayed every 10 days, such as dosing after the rain, after the rain but also timely spraying, the time of dosing is June to September often dosing to control the occurrence of black spot disease.

Moonflower varieties

Moonflower color range is wide, the plant is easy to prune, cultivation difficulty is small, its flowers are beautiful, elegant, for China's top ten famous flowers. Shunyi District, Zhaoquanying Township, North Langzhong Flower and Tree Center and the Municipal Institute of Landscape Architecture Science *** with the cooperation of the Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences experts under the careful guidance of the breeding of more than 50 new varieties of the moon season, which grows vigorously, anti-bacterial, adapted to the north and south of China's different climatic planting. Now the series of moon flower varieties are introduced as follows.

(A) vine series of moon flower varieties

Dortmund, Spectrum, Huaxia, Wolong, Royal Carriage, Chang'e Moon, orange flame, etc., it is a rose for the rootstock, to the excellent moon for the scion, the use of high-tech means of grafting and become. Both inherited the rose's resistance to disease and pests, good growth performance, and absorbed the advantages of high-quality moon season landscaping, is the first choice for three-dimensional urban greening. Its climbing climbing growth, strong growth, the highest annual growth of up to 4 meters or so, good resistance to disease, almost no pests and diseases, flowering concentration, bright colors, flowering period of up to 8 months. Can make flower hedge, flower wall, trellis, arch flower column and road isolation zone greening, etc., three-dimensional effect is any vine flowers can not reach.

(B) large-flowered series of moonflower varieties

Red Double Happiness, green clouds, gold medallion, modern art, etc., the gloss of its leaves are leathery, fruitful flowers, flowering diligently, bright colors, fragrant fragrance, plant shape, beautiful posture, can be potted on the balcony, rooftop gardens, in front of and behind the house as well as the city of greening, the most ornamental varieties in the moonflower.

(C) abundant flowers series of moonflower varieties

Moheim, Golden Mary, orange tide, iceberg, Wonderland, laughter, and so on. Clump expansion type, plant type well-proportioned, dense, flower polygonal open, robust, developed root system, multi-floral, long flowering period, colorful and varied, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, disease-resistant, resistant to waterlogging, adaptability to the environment, used for street landscaping, dry cutting, exhibitions, the formation of flowerbeds, flower beds, hedges, hedge planting, container cultivation and so on, in the project is an indispensable member of the greening.

(D) ground cover series of moonflower varieties

Basino, Melang Pearl, Hardev Jun, Royal Basino. The plant is dwarf, was expanding creeping growth state, tiller is very strong. Branches touching the ground rooted, radial extension, the root system is developed, can be as deep as 2 meters. A single plant can sprout 50 branches per year, each branch can bloom 50 flowers, the lower leaves on the flowers, greening effect is excellent. Cold-resistant, heat-resistant, disease-resistant. Normal flowering above zero degrees Celsius, winter can withstand minus 30 degrees Celsius. Resistant to high temperature of 40 degrees Celsius in summer, and normally no need to apply medicine.

(E) miniature series of moonflower varieties

Sun Girl, Golden Sun, Chorus, Dwarf Fairy, Pacoaster and so on. The height of the plant does not exceed 30 cm, the flowers are petite and lovely, in clusters, with developed fibrous roots, is a good potted plants and ground cover plants, with herbaceous flowers arranged flower beds, plazas, can create a beautiful space of different color blocks.

Use

Used for garden arrangement of flower beds, flower border, garden flowers, can make moon season bonsai, as cut flowers, baskets, **** bouquets and so on. Flowers can be extracted spice. Roots, leaves and flowers can be used as medicine, with blood circulation and swelling, anti-inflammatory and detoxification effects.