How does a hub work?

The working principle of a hub is that a hub works on the physical layer of the OSI/RM reference model and the MAC (medium access control) sub-layer of the data link layer. First of all, the node sends a signal to the line, the hub receives the signal, because the signal is attenuated in the cable transmission, the hub receives the signal will be attenuated after the signal shaping amplification, and finally the hub will be amplified signal broadcasting forwarded to all other ports.

The hub is a pure hardware network substrate equipment, basically does not have the switch "intelligent memory" ability and "learning" ability, but also does not have the switch has the MAC address table. It is not targeted when sending data, using the broadcast method of sending. When it wants to send data to a node, instead of sending the data directly to the destination node, it sends the packet to all the nodes connected to the hub.

Expanded:

Differentiated from the LAN perspective, hubs can be categorized into five different types.

1, Single Trunked Segment Hubs

The simplest hubs are a class of hubs used for the simplest trunked LAN segments, similar to stacked Ethernet hubs or token ring network Multi-Access Units (MAUs), for example.

2. Multi-segment hub

Derived directly from the single trunked segment hub, using a hub backplane, this hub comes with multiple trunked segments. Its main advantage is that users can be distributed over multiple trunk segments to reduce the information traffic load on each segment, and the information traffic between segments generally requires independent bridges or routers.

3. Port Switched Hub

This integrator is a hub that automates the process of connecting between user ports and multiple backplane segments on top of a multi-segment hub with the addition of a Port Switched Matrix (PSM).The PSM can provide an automated utility for connecting any foreign user port to any trunked segment on the hub's backplane.

4, network interconnect hub

Port-switching hubs focus on port switching, while network interconnect hubs provide some type of integrated connectivity between multiple network segments on the backplane, which is accomplished through an integrated bridge, router, or LAN switch. These types of hubs are usually in chassis form.

5, switched hub

The line between hubs and switches has become blurred. Switched hubs have a core switched backplane, using a pure switching system instead of the traditional *** enjoy media trunk segments. Such products are already on the market, and hybrid (trunked/switched) hubs are likely to control this market for years to come.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Hubs