How many stages does the development of geometry generally go through? What are the characteristics of each?

The development stages and characteristics of geometry are as follows:

1. Ancient Greek period (6th century BC to 5th century BC):

In this period, Geometry began to move from experience to theory. Some basic geometric concepts, such as points, lines, surfaces, etc., were proposed and studied in depth. At the same time, ancient Greek mathematicians also tried to use logic and proof to establish a geometric system. Among them, Euclid is an outstanding representative, and his "Elements" has become a classic work of geometry.

2. Renaissance (15th to 16th centuries):

During this period, geometry achieved new developments. Artists and scientists began to use geometry as a tool to study nature and the universe. At the same time, new branches of geometry such as projective geometry and perspective geometry also began to appear.

3. 19th century:

During this period, geometry was further developed. The discovery of non-Euclidean geometry challenged traditional Euclidean geometry. At the same time, new branches of geometry such as differential geometry and topology also began to appear.

4. 20th century:

During this period, geometry developed rapidly. Some important mathematicians, such as Einstein and Poincaré, made important contributions to geometry. At the same time, branches such as algebraic geometry, differential geometry, and topology began to merge and develop.

The development history of other disciplines:

1. Physics:

The development of physics can be traced back to the ancient Greek period, but the real physics research began In the 17th century. The emergence of scientists such as Galileo and Newton marked the birth of physics as an independent discipline. Subsequently, branches such as thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, and quantum mechanics gradually developed, forming the system of modern physics.

2. Chemistry:

The development of chemistry can be traced back to ancient alchemy, but real chemical research began in the 18th century. The emergence of scientists such as Lavoisier and Dalton marked the birth of chemistry as an independent discipline. Subsequently, branches such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and physical chemistry gradually developed, forming the system of modern chemistry.

3. Biology:

The development of biology can be traced back to the ancient Greek period, but real biological research began in the 19th century. The emergence of scientists such as Darwin and Mendel marked the birth of biology as an independent discipline. Subsequently, branches such as cell biology, molecular biology, and ecology gradually developed, forming the system of modern biology.

4. Earth science:

The development of earth science can be traced back to ancient geography and astronomy, but the real scientific research on the earth began in the 20th century. Branches such as plate tectonics theory, geochronology, and climatology gradually developed and formed the system of modern earth science.