What are the eight schools of guzheng? Shandong Zheng School, Zhejiang Zheng School, Henan Zheng School and Chaozhou Zheng School should be fast and good! ! !

Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, guzheng has gradually spread from the northwest to all parts of the country, and has been integrated with local operas, rap and folk music, forming various schools with strong local styles.

The distinctive features of Shaanxi Zheng music are firstly the particularity of melody and the wandering of two tone sandhi. The fourth tone in the heptatonic scale is high, while the seventh tone is low. Deviation, of course, is not half a tone. The two voices wavered again. Generally speaking, slide down next to the next note; Secondly, in the process of melody, it is generally jumping up and down step by step. Third, when playing, press the strings with your left hand and use your big finger, which is a necessary technique for melody. Fourth, the style of writing is exquisite, and there are many sorrows in euphemism; Generosity is urgent, and there is lyricism in agitation. The late Wang Xunzhi, a famous guzheng master in Zhejiang, said that "Shaanxi School Lyric" showed the style and characteristics of Shaanxi Guzheng music.

Second, Henan Zheng's "Zhongzhou Classical Tune" (or "Voice of Zheng Wei")

A great feature of Henan Zheng is that the right hand starts from the place near the Qin code and flows to the place near Yueshan. At the same time, the left hand shakes a lot, and the music performance is very dramatic and effective. In Zheng, Henan, this skill is called "wandering". Among them, left-hand sliding pressure (left-hand pressing to the phoneme slightly retreats when playing the string, and greeting sounds slide up quickly, leaving no sensitive traces), small vibrato (vibrato is thin and tight), sliding vibrato (edge vibrato) and big vibrato (vibrato is wide and affectionate) are the most distinctive. In the application of fingering, whether it's the long, round and beautiful Tik Tok, the patchwork beat, or the mournful steps, the tragic and desolate tremors, they are all integrated with melody and emotion, depicting modality and meticulous description. For example, the song "Wild Goose" is another feature of Henan Zheng, which uses various fingering expressively and integrates narrative, concreteness and lyricism.

Third, Shandong Zheng's Qilu taipan.

Shandong Zheng music is mostly directly related to Shandong Qin Shu and folk music. Most of them are Gongdiao, which consists of eight boards. Some of them are piano music as a prelude to the piano book, similar to Henan Bantou, with 68 "Banqu", the autumn moon in the Han Palace, Hongyan calligraphy and so on. In the folk, many musical images are often expressed in the form of divertimento ensemble, and these four ditties, Qin Yun, Bai Feng Cui Zhu, Night Tour and Shu Yun, are divertimento played as dialogues. In the 1950s, the title of "Mountains and Flowing Water" was added, which swept the country. In addition, it also evolved from Qin Shu's singing and qupai, such as Fengxiang Song and Broken Bridge. Shandong Zheng used to use fifteen strings, the outer bass part used seven old strings, and there were eight strings inside, commonly known as "seven old Eight Little". When playing, the big finger is used frequently and forcefully. Even if it is a "flower finger", it is mostly a big finger playing with a "brace"; But the left hand is both rigid and soft, sonorous and deep, and the playing style is simple.

Four, "Han Jiang Si Zhu" Chaozhou Zheng

Chaozhou Zheng: Popular in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, it has a special musical structure and unique rotating style. Zheng can is different from other musical instruments in his own way. The most important thing is the change of left glide, which is called rhyme complement. Otherwise, it is hard to say the genre and development of Zheng music. In Zheng Chao, the application of this technology can be said to be wonderful. In fact, it is a combination of several scales and modes pressed by the left hand when playing guzheng. Moreover, the melody is also different from the twelve average laws and folk music in other places. Chaozhou Zheng is exquisite, subtle and unique because of its smooth and gorgeous right hand and unique left hand slip-flower play.

The main tunes of Chaozhou Zheng are "emphasizing six", "ignoring six", "living five" and "going backwards". Among them, the tune of Liu Chong is euphemistic; The tune of Light Six is fresh and lively; The tune of "Living Five" is touching and sad, with distinctive rhythm.

Five, "Gao Han Ancient Rhyme" Hakka Zheng

Hakka Zheng: that is, the Zheng music of Guangdong Han music, which is one of the excellent traditional music in Guangdong. Guangdong Han music has a long history. According to legend, it was a long historical period from the ninth year of Jin 'an (AD 405) to the demise of the Song Dynasty. With the people of the Central Plains moving south many times, they brought the quaint "Zhongzhou Ancient Tune" and "Gao Han Old Tune". Combined with local music, language and customs, it gradually formed a unique musical style. Locals call it Hakka music, or Waijiangxian and Confucian music, mainly in eastern Guangdong. Hakka Zheng music is famous for its simplicity, elegance, elegance and generosity, and Shuilian is one of the typical representatives of this artistic style. There is no definite number of strings, which has the characteristics of China traditional opera music. In order to facilitate the mastery of tonality, the application of techniques and the presentation of music content, music is divided into "soft set", "hard set" and "anti-line". Traditional handwritten Miyachi scales and printed books mostly record the "bone adjustment" of the melody trunk, while fingering, "variation" and "flower addition" are arranged according to the player's understanding of the music and the accomplishment of Hakka music. At present, most of the Hakka Zheng scores circulating in China are created by Yu Zhai, played by Mr. Luo Jiuxiang and recorded.

Six, "Wulin" Hangzhou Zheng (that is, Zhejiang Zheng)

The performance features such techniques as "big finger shaking", "four o'clock fast", "clip playing" and "lifting strings", and draws lessons from, learns from and integrates the performance techniques of pipa, sanxian, dulcimer and even western musical instruments.

The application of "finger shaking" in Zhejiang Zheng is played with the slight jitter of thumb, and its effect is very similar to that of bowstring instruments. Strictly speaking, this is not found in the traditional Zheng music of other schools, because the fingering or fingering of other schools actually uses the thumb as a relatively quick support and parting, while the fingering of Zhejiang Zheng shows its own characteristics, which is different from other schools. We can clearly see from two Zhejiang Zheng songs "Your Legend" and "Moon Height" that the former simulates the whistling sound of the horn by "shaking your fingers"; The latter showed continuous singing in the way of "flick of fingers".

Zhejiang Zheng music is closely related to the popular rap music Hangzhou Beach Spring. Hangzhou Beach Spring has three basic vocals: Adagio, Allegro and Allegro. As an accompaniment instrument, Zheng, accompanied by flowers, has gradually formed a distinctive "four-point" playing technique. From a technical point of view, it is also used in other schools of Zheng music, but it is not as prominent as Zhejiang Zheng, which obviously forms a performance characteristic and has a special name. The application of "Sifen" in Zhejiang Zheng music often gives people a lively and lively feeling, and it is also often used in some modern Zheng music.

7. Fujian Zheng is in southern Fujian.

The history of Fujian's "Ancient Music Ensemble" is actually the history of Fujian Zheng, which is dominated by guzheng, similar to the Bantou "Zhongzhou Ancient Music" and "Xiansuo Elegant Music" in Henan Province. It can be said that Minnan Zheng, Henan Zheng, Shandong Zheng, Hakka Zheng, Chaozhou Zheng and Wulin Zheng are of the same origin and may all have originated in ancient times.

Eight, Inner Mongolia grassland "denture" denture (Mongolian)-Mongolian guzheng

Mongolian Guzheng: Yatog, an ancient national musical instrument popular in Xilin Gol and Yike Zhaomeng in China, is very expressive; Its structure, tuning method and playing style are different from those of Han Guzheng.

. There are four tunes in Yato songs: ① Chagan tune -(D key), 2, Hages tune -(G key), 3, Heile tune -(C key), 4, Handing Gree tune -(F key). This is a performance theory handed down from generation to generation by Yatogo performers after thousands of years of practice. It is an inherent tune of Mongolian zither, and the tune is exactly the same as that of Han zither.

Yatogo mainly uses the thumb support of his right hand, splits and forefinger to play a song. Ximeng artists respond to chords with big finger, index finger, octave, fourth degree and fifth degree, and also scan chords up and down with big finger; Yimeng artists play octave and quintic chords with their thumb and forefinger in the same direction at the same time, so as to achieve the effect of strengthening strength, changing emotions and highlighting style. As for the fingering of the left hand, it is roughly the same as that of the Han Zheng: pressing, kneading, sliding and vibrating the strings are the main methods. Obviously, Yatogo's gameplay is older.

Now only Shandong, Zhejiang, Henan, Chaozhou and Hakka are circulating.