All bamboo fibers

Bamboo fiber is a kind of natural bamboo fiber made by combining physical and chemical methods. The preparation process: bamboo → making bamboo chips → steaming bamboo chips → crushing and decomposing → degumming with biological enzyme → carding fibers → textile fibers.

Bamboo fiber, bamboo fiber is divided into two categories;

The first category: natural bamboo fiber-bamboo fiber.

Bamboo fiber is a kind of natural bamboo fiber made by combining physical and chemical methods. The preparation process: bamboo → making bamboo chips → steaming bamboo chips → crushing and decomposing → degumming with biological enzyme → carding fibers → textile fibers.

The second category: chemical bamboo fiber

Chemical bamboo fiber includes bamboo pulp fiber and bamboo charcoal fiber bamboo pulp fiber: bamboo pulp fiber is a kind of fiber made from bamboo chips, then pulped and wet spun, and its manufacturing process is basically similar to viscose fiber. However, the natural characteristics of bamboo are destroyed during processing, and the functions of deodorization, antibacterial and ultraviolet protection of fiber are obviously reduced. Bamboo charcoal fiber: It is a fiber product made of nano bamboo charcoal powder, which is added to viscose spinning solution through a special process and then spun by an approximate conventional spinning process. Zhu Sheng bamboo fiber technical parameters Average fineness: 6dtex Average strength: 3.49CN/dtex Average length: 95mm Bamboo fiber is a natural functional fiber with antibacterial, bacteriostatic, deodorizing and ultraviolet protection functions. Bamboo fiber can be pure spun and blended, which is one of the new raw materials for developing and popularizing new products in wool spinning, linen spinning, silk spinning, cotton spinning, color spinning, semi-worsted spinning and other enterprises. Blended products are one of the indispensable varieties in underwear, socks and other fields. The pure spinning count of Suzhou Zhu Sheng brand bamboo fiber can reach 60 nanometers. Fabric manufacturers can choose bamboo fibers from Zhu Sheng to interweave and increase the functionality of fabrics. For example, by interweaving flax 39Nm and bamboo fiber 39Nm, the fabric retains the style of hemp products, and at the same time increases the antibacterial and deodorizing functions of the products and the added value of the products.

According to the different raw materials and processing technology, bamboo fiber can be divided into bamboo fiber and bamboo pulp fiber. Bamboo fiber is degummed from natural bamboo by physical and mechanical methods. Compared with cotton and wood pulp cellulose fiber, bamboo fiber has good physical and mechanical properties.

High performance, high strength, strong wear resistance and good drape, which can be both pure spinning and blended.

1 raw material processing

At present, bamboo pulp fibers are mainly processed by viscose process, so there are also environmental pollution problems in the manufacturing process, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the national economy, and sewage treatment itself also increases the production and manufacturing costs. At present, Lyocell process has been developed for bamboo pulp fiber.

D production can reduce the environmental pollution in the production process, and its wearability is close to Lyocell fiber, which has a good development prospect, but the maturity of the process needs further practice and exploration. Using bamboo fiber can avoid environmental pollution, but bamboo raw materials must be degummed and refined to become bamboo fiber. The production process refers to the hemp fiber production process, which is backward in technology and low in output.

The fiber quality is unstable, which causes great waste. After complete degumming, its fiber fineness is about 0.05 tex and its length is less than 5 mm, so it can't be processed on the ring spinning machine. Therefore, in the process of fiber preparation, the glue can not be completely removed, and bamboo fiber needs to be connected with the remaining glue to make the required bamboo fiber bundle. In the processing of bamboo fiber, fineness and length are contradictory. To obtain a certain fineness of bamboo fiber, the fiber length can not meet the requirements; When the fiber length meets the requirements, the fineness of the fiber is not enough. This contradiction is a difficult problem that all bamboo fiber manufacturers need to overcome at present. At the same time, due to the semi-degummed fiber processing technology, it can not be used to produce high-count lightweight fabrics and clothing. At present, there are three main methods to refine bamboo fiber: ultrasonic refining, biological enzyme refining, mechanical rolling and stretching refining. Ultrasonic wave can shorten the degumming time of bamboo fiber, but the effect is weak; Biological enzyme has a certain effect on the refinement of bamboo fiber, but because there is no biological enzyme specially used for degumming bamboo fiber in the market at present, only the enzyme preparation of flax fiber can be used, and the effect is not ideal; Mechanical rolling and drafting have significant effects on the fineness of bamboo fiber. Mechanical kneading can ensure the uniformity of bamboo fiber fineness, but the result of mechanical drafting is unstable and needs further experimental research.

2 textile processing

2. 1 Spinning processing

Due to the low wet strength of bamboo pulp fiber, the yarn is greatly influenced by the relative humidity in the workshop during processing. For a yarn count of 25 tex

At this time, the problem of yarn strength is more prominent, especially the warp yarn used for weaving. Pure bamboo fiber yarn of 25 tex and above is difficult to maintain good yarn state and withstand wet sizing processing, which makes sizing processing difficult. In this case, it is recommended to use blended bamboo fiber yarn. Bamboo pulp fiber yarn is not allowed to be stored in a particularly humid place, otherwise the number of broken ends in post-processing will increase after the yarn is wetted, which will seriously cause weaving failure or a large number of fine lines on the cloth surface, which will affect the cloth surface effect. Both bamboo fiber and bamboo pulp fiber have poor cohesion and static phenomena, especially bamboo fiber has high rigidity, so it is necessary to adjust these deficiencies in spinning processing. Before production, it is necessary to carry out necessary pretreatment. During production, the relative humidity in the workshop should be kept stable and high, and a certain amount of oil-water additives should be added to the fiber to reduce the surface specific resistance of bamboo fiber, reduce static electricity and fiber damage, and ensure the smooth production. In the process of opening and cleaning, the technological principle of "more carding and less beating, more harvesting and less dropping" is adopted to reduce the speed of each beater and avoid excessive fiber damage and entanglement; In the carding process, the principle of "slow speed, light basis weight, more recovery and less tension" should be adopted to reduce fiber damage and short fiber rate. Roving adopts the technology of "light weight, heavy pressure, proper twist coefficient, low speed, small package and small nip" to reduce accidental elongation and evenness and improve yarn quality; The principle of "tight gauge, high twist, low rotation speed and small tension" should be adopted in spinning to reduce the easy winding of rollers and cots after yarn breakage and affect production efficiency; In the winding

Following the principle of "light tension, low speed, small elongation and elastic retention",

42 synthetic fiber Zheng Jian [2009] No.5

Reduce grinding "process principle, in order to reduce the regeneration hairiness, reduce the broken head.

And the generation of impurities.

2.2 weaving ~jo-r

Due to the excessive hairiness of bamboo fiber, warping should adopt "low speed"

Degree, light pressure, uniform tension "principle, to ensure the warp.

The arrangement and tension are even, avoiding the broken head caused by hairiness winding. A kind of bamboo

Pulp fiber hairiness is relatively less, the warping process should follow the "medium speed,

Small tension, small elongation, elastic maintenance, reducing wear and hairiness, not easy to break.

Head "process principle, choose the appropriate process parameters, improve the operation.

Level. Ensure that the machinery is in good condition, and ensure "tension, arrangement and winding".

Around "three uniformities".

Because bamboo fiber yarn has high strength, long hairiness and elasticity.

Poor characteristics, sizing is based on the principle of high consistency and low viscosity.

The formula must ensure the hardness and wear resistance of the size film. Sizing adopts thick quilt.

Covering, reducing wear, "high consistency, low viscosity,

Elastic and dimensional retention film ". Suction speed of bamboo pulp fiber yarn

Fast and easy to foam, but after moisture absorption, transverse expansion causes fibers and yarns.

The arrangement of threads is relatively tight, which leads to uneven sizing or adhesion of yarns, which is more difficult.

So as to form a good serous film. At the same time, bamboo pulp fiber has hygroscopicity and expansibility.

In the process of dehydration and shrinkage, the deformation is large, the cohesion is reduced, and the fibers are easy to face each other.

Slippery, the strength drops obviously. Therefore, sizing should follow the principle of "improvement"

Wear resistance, pressure resistance, air permeability, small tension, low elongation and slow speed.

Drying "process principle, especially

However, the development and application of natural bamboo fiber is the focus of related enterprises in recent years.

Point is also a hot issue in scientific and technological research. With the deterioration of global climate,

With the decrease of wood resources, it is urgent to find substitutes for wood fibers and chemical fibers.

The source of new materials, bamboo fiber raw materials come from natural renewable resources, products

It is biodegradable after use and meets the requirements of environmental protection. Bamboo fiber is considered as a substitute.

As an ideal material to replace these fibers, hemp fiber for textile is treated by flash explosion technology.

Research on science has been reported at home and abroad. these

The research progress makes people see the application prospect of natural bamboo fiber, but at present,

The processing technology and extraction quality of bamboo fiber limit its large-scale popularization.

Use, there is still a certain distance from the real industrialization.

3 Conclusion and prospect

Mechanical defibering technology is a key step in the preparation of bamboo fiber, which is directly related to

The quality of subsequent fiber preparation, which is exactly what bamboo fiber preparation is currently studying.

Weak link. At present, there are only mechanical processing methods of bamboo fiber.

The separation principle is explained through the understanding and experience of the production process. Explain bamboo

The principle of fiber separation is summarized, including "high temperature cooking" and "mechanical method"

Impact-friction separation theory, but only some preliminary introduction has not been deepened.

The analysis shows that there is no systematic theory of fiber separation at present. By hammering and rolling,

Mechanical carding and other methods are mostly through weakening the bonding strength between fibers or

Forced destruction of bamboo structure, so that bamboo chips under the action of external forces such as mechanical impact and friction.

, which eventually leads to fiber decomposition. The above two theories are just macroscopic phenomena.

Qualitative analysis revealed the defibering process of bamboo under the force field.

But it cannot fundamentally explain the mechanism and conditions of fiber separation. Zhejiang Province

The theory of thermal-mechanical coupling stratification of bamboo proposed by Yao and Zhang Wei of Forestry College.

The mechanism of fiber is only the preliminary revelation of bamboo defibering mechanism [6]. Therefore, in a

It restricts the development of bamboo fiber processing technology to some extent.

At present, the preparation of bamboo fiber still has the following problems.

Question:

1) The physical and chemical properties of bamboo fiber have not been deeply understood.

The basic theoretical research is weak, and the bamboo under the coupling effect of force-heat-chemistry is weak.

The study of academic behavior has not yet formed a systematic theory.

2) The separation theory of bamboo fiber is not mature, and the separation method is not available.

Can fundamentally solve the technical problems existing in bamboo fiber processing; As for bamboo

The mechanical mechanism of fiber separation has not been revealed.

3) The production technology system of bamboo fiber has not yet been formed, and there is a lack of special bamboo fiber.

Maintain production process, equipment and industry norms.

The essence of bamboo fiber opening is to destroy bamboo days with appropriate methods.

However, the composite structure completely separates the fiber from other components (matrix).

Finally, the fibers in bamboo are extracted from the original composite structure. but

How to realize this process effectively is something we must realize. Obviously,

A thorough understanding of bamboo characteristics and its failure mechanism will help to uncover.

This paper shows the scientific method and mechanism of bamboo fiber formation, which provides a basis for the design and manufacture of most.

Effective preparation of bamboo fiber processing equipment is an indispensable condition.