The building forms in the southeast coastal areas and the northwest inland areas are different. What is the difference? What are the local factors closely related to this?

Characteristics of residence There are abundant rainfall and many typhoons in coastal areas, so wind and rain protection are the primary considerations for coastal residences. The direction of the streets in coastal cities should generally try to avoid the main wind direction of the local wind speed; In addition to considering the south-facing direction of the building, the layout of the front and rear rows of houses is staggered, which weakens the wind speed and broadens the perspective in twists and turns. Most houses can "push the window to see the sea", which makes people feel happy; Compared with the mainland, the scale of coastal houses is relatively low, small and strong, which is also its characteristic. There are few thatched structures in Fujian and Guangdong coastal areas, and butterfly tiles and small blue tiles are often used to strengthen their firmness. Windshield or horsehead wall is usually built on the roof to reduce the wind speed.

China has a long coastline, and residential buildings are different from those in the north and south coastal areas according to climate differences, in addition to shelter from wind and rain. Dalian, Qingdao and other residential buildings along the northern coast should also consider the cold-proof function of the building. The building structure is relatively closed, large windows are convenient for lighting in winter, and double windows are used to increase the insulation effect. In the southern coastal areas, more consideration is given to shading and rain protection. In the coastal areas of Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian and Zhejiang, there is a kind of "arcade" (also called pedestrian corridor), which is a form to adapt to the local population and less land, and make the house develop into space. From the perspective of folk culture, it provides a good social place for people to chat, drink tea and watch plays, play chess and cards, and the pedestrian corridor has also become an important street well in the southern coastal areas.

① Northern style. It is concentrated in the vast plain area from the north of Huaihe River to the south of Heilongjiang. The group is regular, the courtyard is large, but the scale is appropriate; The architectural shape is not undulating, the house is low and flat, and the roof curve is flat; Multi-purpose bricks and tiles, large wood structure materials, relatively simple decoration. The general style is cheerful and generous.

② Northwest wind. It is concentrated in the Loess Plateau from the west of the Yellow River to Ningxia, Gansu. The courtyard is very closed, the house is very low, the roof slope is low and gentle, and quite a few buildings use flat roofs. Bricks and tiles are rarely used, adobe or rammed earth walls are used, and wooden decoration is simpler. In this area, there are often cave buildings, including pit kilns and peace vouchers kilns. The general style is simple. However, there are many mosques in Hui inhabited areas, which are tall, steep in roof, luxuriant in decoration and strong in color, which are obviously different from ordinary folk buildings.

③ Jiangnan style. It is concentrated in the river network area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The group is dense and the courtyard is narrow. There are many large and medium-sized groups (big houses, halls, shops, temples, ancestral halls, etc.). ) in the town, there are buildings; Small buildings (ordinary houses and shops) are free and flexible. The roof slope is steep, the wing angle is high, the decoration is exquisite and rich, and there are many carvings. The overall style is beautiful and dexterous.

④ Lingnan style. Concentrated in the mountainous and hilly areas of the Pearl River Basin. The building plane is relatively regular, the courtyard is small, the house is tall, the doors and windows are narrow, there are many volcanic walls, the roof slope is steep, and the wing angle is inclined. Township buildings are dense and closed. Decoration, sculpture and painting are rich and complex, with fine techniques. The general style is light and delicate.

⑤ Southwest wind. It is concentrated in the southwest mountainous areas, and a considerable number of ethnic groups such as Zhuang, Dai, Yao and Miao live there. More houses are built on hillsides, which are dry column buildings and overhead floors. Plane and modeling are quite free, and rarely appear in groups. Structural members such as beams and columns are exposed, and only slab walls or floor mats are used as maintenance barriers. The roof curve is soft, dragging for a long time, and the eaves are far away, covered with shingles or straw. Not very particular about decoration. The overall style is free and flexible. Among them, the Dai Buddhist temple in southern Yunnan is huge in space and richly decorated. The shape of the pagoda is similar to that of Myanmar, and the national style is very distinctive.