How to grow mushrooms? What are the cultivation methods of mushrooms?

Mushroom is a mushroom crop and a dish that people have seen for a long time.

It has rich nutritional value. In recent years, the market demand is increasing, which is also a good planting business opportunity for farmers.

So how do you grow mushrooms? What are the cultivation methods of mushrooms?

mushroom cultivation

1. Location selection

The planting site should be a place with flat terrain, convenient transportation, fresh air and excellent water quality, and the detection of pesticide residues and heavy metals in soil should be done well in advance.

The planning and design of the park should achieve high land utilization rate, scientific and reasonable layout and long service life. After completion, it should have good spawning and fruiting conditions and the ability to resist extreme weather (high temperature, drought, strong wind, rainstorm, flood and hail).

The mushroom shed is 3 ~ 3.2m high, 1 1m wide and 60m long.

The material is steel pipe or steel bar structure, the roof is covered with double plastic sheets, and the middle is thermal insulation cotton felt.

The mushroom shed is 2.5 meters high and 6.8 meters wide, generally 40-50 meters according to the length of the plot, and the spacing is 1. 1 meter. It is made of bamboo and wood, and the roof is covered with plastic to prevent rain. Hang a 95_ single-layer sunshade net at a distance of 1 m from the roof for shading and cooling.

Water spraying equipment is a rotary micro-spraying system.

2. Cultivation season and variety

The rod-making time is1~ March, and the result time is 5 ~165438+1October.

The variety is high temperature 18.

Prepare the materials

Sawdust is hardwood and hardwood, with a processing roughness of 4 ~ 8 mm The local tree species are oak, chestnut, fruit tree, some birch and locust.

It is forbidden to use pine, fir, cypress, camphor and other tree species containing or containing bactericidal substances.

The auxiliary bran is the original fresh bran, and the use of bran is prohibited.

The content of calcium sulfate in gypsum should be greater than 90_, the whiter the quality, the finer the better, and the initial setting time is 20~30 minutes.

Step 3: Formula

Sawdust 79_, wheat bran 20_, gypsum 1_.

Mixed material

Water sawdust in the stockyard to make it slightly fermented and soft, so as to prevent the fungus bag from being punctured.

Mechanical screening is used to remove small fragments, twigs and angular hard objects from sawdust.

According to the formula, sawdust, wheat bran and gypsum are weighed and put into a blender for dry mixing, so that the culture material is evenly mixed, and then water is added to continue stirring, so that the water content of the culture material reaches 55-60.

bale

The bacterial bag is a low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag with the specification of 15.5×55×0.005cm, which is bagged mechanically and bound manually.

Bagging requires moderate tightness, tight bag mouth, handle with care, within the time limit, and clear the materials daily, and paste the holes in time when found.

Standard package weight 1.9~2.0 kg.

5.

Adopt atmospheric pressure energy-saving boiler, with 5000 bags per pot.

Steaming requires timely cooking and reasonable bag folding.

The cover is two layers of new plastic plus a quilt, covered with colored cloth strips or canvas, and fastened.

After cooking, the temperature is raised to 100℃ within 6 hours, maintained with medium fire for 24 hours, and closed for 2 hours after ceasing fire.

When the material temperature drops below 70℃, take it out of the pot and paste it in time if it is found to be broken.

vaccination

The inoculation room should be well cleaned and disinfected in advance. Disinfectant adopts aerosol disinfection box, and new plastic is laid on the ground.

Inoculate when the bag temperature drops below 20℃.

The strains should be of the right age with white and strong hyphae and uniform growth, and disinfected with chemicals. Chemicals should be soaked in 0. 1_ potassium permanganate solution 1 min, or 0.25_ bromogeramine 1 min.

Inoculation tools and sterilized strains are put into the inoculation account 6-8 hours in advance, and fumigated with aerosol disinfection box, with the dosage of 5g per cubic meter.

During inoculation, the tools, bag surfaces and hands of operators shall be disinfected with 75% alcohol.

Inoculate at four o'clock on one side, and the inoculation point is covered with rolling plastic film, keeping warm and moist.

7. Hair fungus culture

In the fungus growth room, dark natural temperature or heating is adopted, the temperature is kept between 15℃~20℃, and the suitable air humidity is 65%.

During the growth of bacteria, ventilation, heat dissipation and pile turning should be done in time according to the changes of air temperature, shed temperature, pile temperature and bag temperature to prevent bacteria from burning at high temperature due to lack of oxygen.

When the diameter of mycelium circle reaches 8~ 10cm, the second puncture is carried out, and four holes are pierced around each inoculation point, and the hole depth is 1cm. When the mycelium is half full, it is perforated for the second time, with 8~ 10 holes on each side, and the hole depth is 1.5cm. Seven days after the mycelium is full,

After about 50~60 days, the fungus sticks grow and the hyphae grow in bags, and then they are cultured for 80~90 days to reach physiological maturity.

The sign of physiological maturity: the tumor of mycelium accounts for two-thirds of the whole bag surface, and the tumor has a soft and elastic feeling when pinched by hand. When the color around the inoculation hole changes, it shows that the mycelium is physiologically mature and can enter the mushroom field to change color and produce mushrooms.

8. Take off the bag and turn it into a color

The ground temperature of mushroom shed should be above 65438 05℃ when unloading bags. After bag removal, the fungus holes are arranged upward, with 9 bags per linear meter in a single row.

When taking off the bag, close the tuyere, cover the soil and water it in time to reduce the water loss of the fungus stick.

Reasonable control of temperature, humidity, ventilation, do a good job of discoloration.

After the mushroom sticks are covered with soil and sprayed with water for the first time, and after each mushroom growing, the soil should be checked and covered around the mushroom sticks, so as to keep the mushroom sticks suitable for moisture and prevent the occurrence of landmine mushrooms.

Mushroom planting method

1. Mushroom management

After the rod changes color, it enters the fruiting stage.

The suitable temperature for the formation of Lentinus edodes primordia is 10~20℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is greater than 10℃.

Water management adopts the method of alternating wet and dry spraying. When the mushroom sticks grow, the water content reaches 60%~65% and the air humidity reaches 80%~90%. According to the specific situation of mushroom sticks, measures such as temperature difference, wet-dry difference and vibration stimulation can be taken to promote the occurrence of mushroom buds.

Reasonable artificial thinning of buds, 6~8 mushrooms per branch.

When the fruiting body grows to 6-7 minutes, it is harvested in time, and it is harvested 3-5 times a day.

The mushrooms harvested in time have good color, thick meat, high commodity value, late harvest, thin meat, light weight and low commodity value.

Timely mushroom roots and mineral mushrooms to prevent pests and diseases after rot.

In each stage of mushroom production, pesticide residues and heavy metals were sampled and detected.

2. A large number of bacteria management

When degerming bacteria, reduce the watering times to reduce the water content of the bacteria stick to 55%~60%. Water management is to prevent the skin from dehydration and hardening due to too little water spray, and to prevent the skin from growing poorly and removing bacteria due to too much water spray.

Stop time is 10- 15 days. When the mushroom foot pit turns white and the mushroom sticks recover their elasticity, the stop time is over and the mushroom tube is closed.

During the high temperature period in summer, the management of mushroom sticks focuses on cooling and cultivating bacteria, and natural fruiting is the main way to prevent mushroom rot and death.

After beginning of autumn, environmental conditions are conducive to the formation of mushroom buds and the growth of mushrooms, so we should stop stimulating and vibrating mushroom sticks and let them grow naturally.

Each production cycle produces 5~6 tidal mushrooms.

3. Pest control

During spawning and fruiting, the main miscellaneous bacteria are molds (Trichoderma, Neurospora, Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus), bacteria and myxomycetes.

The main pests are mushroom mosquitoes, mushroom flies, jumping insects, slugs and nematodes.

Adhere to the policy of giving priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention, and strictly control the use of prevention chemicals.

Keep the environment clean and sanitary, find pests and diseases in time and carry out harmless treatment.

In mushroom cultivation, we should pay attention to careful management of investment and timely treatment of diseases so as not to affect the quality of mushrooms.

How to grow the mushrooms recommended for everyone today? What are the cultivation methods of mushrooms? I believe these problems have been solved.