Chinese traditional culture content

I. The Hundred Schools of Thought

"The Nine Streams and Ten Schools"

1. Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi; ideology: morality, inaction, and impunity; Nanhua Jing, Tao Te Ching, The Book of Guanzi)

2. Confucianism (Confucius, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mengzi, Xunzi; ideology: Ren, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, and faith; four books: "The Meanwhile," "The Great Learning," "Mencius," "The Analects of Confucius"

3. Legalism (Li Yul, Han Fei, Li Si, "Han Fei Zi," Ideology: centralization of power in the monarchy, rule of law by rule of law)

4. Mohism (Mozi, "Mozi," Ideology: conciliatory love, non-attacking, raising the wise, thrift)

5. Famous Schools (Deng Analytics, Huishi, Gongsunlong, and Huan Tuan, "The Gongsun Longzi"

6, yin and yang family (Zou Yan, "Zouzi")

7, vertical and horizontal family (Guigu Zi, Su Qin, Zhang Yi, [the "Book of the Warring States Vertical and Horizontal Families" records])

8, miscellaneous (Lu Buwei, "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals," Liu An, Corpse Kao, "Corpse Zi", "Huainan Zi")

9, novelists (Yu Chou, "Yu Chou Zhou said")

10, agriculturalists (Xu Xing, "Shennong" has been anonymous)

The Hundred Schools of the Zu Zi, is a general term for academic schools of thought during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. According to the "Han Shu - Art and Culture Zhi" records, count the name of a **** there are 189, 4324 writings.

Two, qin, chess, calligraphy and painting

Flutes, erhu, guzheng, xiao flute, drums, guqin, pipa. Ten famous songs ("High Mountains and Flowing Water", "Guangling San", "Flat Sand and Falling Geese", "Three Plum Blossoms", "Ambush on Ten Sides", "Sunset xiaojiao drums", "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", "Autumn and Moon in the Han Palace", "Yangchun Baixue", "Fishing and Woodcutter's Questions and Answers");

Chinese Chess, Chinese Surrounding Chess, chess, chess board; Chinese Calligraphy, Seal Engraving and Seal Cutting, the Four Treasures of the House of Arts and Letters (Brush, Ink, Inkstone and Xuanpaper), woodblock printing, Chinese painting, landscape painting, and Chinese landscape painting. ,; Chinese painting, landscape painting, taiji drawing.

Three, traditional festivals

China has a variety of traditional festivals, many things have a variety of rituals and customs. There are nearly 50 traditional festivals of the Han Chinese people.

The following are the 15 major festivals: Spring Festival, Shangyuan Festival (Lantern Festival), Flower Morning Festival (Hundred Flowers Birthday), Shangsi Festival (March 3), Cold Food Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Tanabata Festival, Mid-Yuan Festival (Ghost Festival), Mid-Autumn Festival, Chrysanthemum Festival, Winter Solstice Festival, Lapa Festival, Zaosai Festival (Small New Year's Day), New Year's Eve. Each place also has local and ethnic specialties.

Four, language and writing

Chinese is the most widely spoken language in China and the most widely used script in the world. In addition to the Han Chinese, the Hui, Manchu and She ethnic groups have basically switched to Chinese.

Modern Chinese is divided into a standard language [Mandarin] and dialects. Chinese dialects are usually categorized into ten major dialects: Mandarin, Jin, Wu, Hui, Min, Yue, Hakka, Gan, Xiang and Ping dialects.

From the point of view of language affiliation, the languages spoken by the 56 ethnic groups in China belong to five major languages: Sino-Tibetan, Altaic, South Island, South Asian and Indo-European.

V. Traditional Music

Traditional music refers to the music created by the Chinese people using their own inherent methods and taking their own inherent forms with their own inherent characteristics, including not only the ancient works that have been produced and passed down in history, but also contemporary works. It can be seen that traditional music includes "national music" but not "new music", but they are all "Chinese music".

Traditional music is an extremely important part of Chinese folk music, and the difference between traditional music and new music does not lie in the sequence of the time of composition, but in the form of expression and stylistic features.

For example, the erhu solo piece "Reflecting the Moon in the Two Springs" and "Singing in the Evening in a Fishing Boat" are recent musical works, but their performance forms are inherent in the Chinese nation, so they are also traditional music. On the contrary, the school music song, piano solo piece "Shepherd Boy Piccolo" and so on are not traditional music because their musical form features borrowed from Western music.

The division of traditional music was first seen in the Introduction to Ethnic Music written by the China Music Research Institute, which was divided into five categories: songs, song and dance music, rap music, opera and instrumental music, but most colleges and universities merged song and dance music into folk songs in their teaching, so that it became four major categories: folk songs, folk instrumental music, music (i.e., "rap") music, and opera music. ) music, and opera music.

In fact, "folk music," "traditional music" and "folk music" are three different concepts: "folk music In fact, "folk music", "traditional music" and "folk music" are three different concepts: "folk music" includes traditional music and new music; while "folk music" is only a category of traditional music. And Chinese folk music is very rich, in addition to folk music, also includes court music, religious music and literati music.

Expanded information:

I. Meaning of culture

Culture (culture) itself is a relatively large concept. Generally speaking, culture is a social phenomenon, is the product of people's long-term creation and formation. At the same time is a historical phenomenon, is the accumulation of social history.

Broadly speaking, culture is the sum of all the material and spiritual wealth created by human beings. It includes both the worldview, outlook on life, values and other parts of an ideological nature, as well as natural science and technology, language and writing and other non-ideological parts.

Precisely, culture refers to the history, geography, customs, traditions, lifestyles, literature and art, behavioral norms, ways of thinking, values and so on of a country or nation.

According to the definition of British anthropologist Edward Taylor, culture is "a complex whole including knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, morals, customs, and the abilities and habits acquired as a member of a society".

At its core is knowledge of all kinds as a spiritual product, the essence of which is communication. Culture is a phenomenon specific to human society. Culture is created by human beings and is specific to them. With human society there is culture, culture is the product of human social practice.

The main kinds of culture

Traditional Chinese culture should first of all include thought, writing and language, followed by the six arts, that is, rites, music, archery, imperialism, writing and mathematics, and then calligraphy, music, martial arts, music, chess, festivals, folklore and so on, derived from the affluence of life.

Traditional culture is something that is closely related and integrated into our lives, something we enjoy without realizing it.

Traditional Chinese culture should include: ancient writings, ancient poems, words, musical compositions, fugues, national music, national dramas, operas, national paintings, calligraphy, couplets, lantern riddles, shooting riddles, wine orders, hiatus, etc.;

Traditional festivals (all according to the lunar calendar) include: Spring Festival on the first day of the first month of the year (the Lunar New Year), Lantern Festival on the first day of the first month of the year, Ching Ming Festival on the fifth day of the fourth month of the year, the Cold Food Festival around the time of the Ching Ming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth month of the year of the seventh month of the year Dragon Boat Festival, Tanabata Festival on July 7, Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15, New Year's Eve on Lunar New Year's Day 30, and a variety of folk activities;

The ancient natural sciences of China, including the traditional calendar, as well as the traditional cultures of the regions and ethnic minorities living in China are also part of traditional Chinese culture.

Three cultural characteristics

1. Passed down from generation to generation, China's traditional culture has been interrupted during certain short historical periods, and changed more or less in different historical periods, but it has remained largely uninterrupted, and has not changed much in general.

2. National characteristics, China's traditional culture is unique to China and different from other national cultures in the world.

3. Long history, with a history of five thousand years.

4, broad and deep, "broad" means the breadth of Chinese traditional culture - colorful, "deep" means the depth of Chinese traditional culture - unfathomable.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Traditional Chinese Culture