What are the learning methods of China history?

The content of history course is complicated, and if there is no suitable learning method, it will often get twice the result with half the effort. In order to help you study history better, the following are the learning methods of China history that I share with you, hoping to help you!

Learning methods of China history

Take Qin as the boundary and Sui as the point.

There are many ancient dynasties in China, including not only great dynasties of more than 250 years, but also many fleeting and partial regimes. But when memorizing the whole context, I don't recommend you from summer to Qing, which is easy to be confused. A better way is to locate the Qin Dynasty and Sui Dynasty first, and then divide the ancient history of China into three sections for memory through these two dynasties, that is, near first, far later and middle and late.

Context after Sui Dynasty

Sui dynasty was a unified dynasty after the great division, much like Qin dynasty. After the Sui Dynasty? Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties? This is easy to remember, but there were still some short-term peaceful administrative powers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, which can be remembered as follows:

? Huang Chao, Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, Zhou. The right to drink a glass of wine to relieve the soldiers, Xia Jin in Song, Liao and Western Regions. ?

The Great Uprising in Huang Chao took place at the end of the Tang Dynasty, which was the reason for its demise. In the following 53 years, there were five short dynasties, that is, the Five Dynasties. Because in history, these five dynasties were called? After x? Not easy to remember, sometimes students meet? Eastern Han Dynasty? 、? Beihan? 、? Houhan? It's easy to get confused. So, we put? Week? On the whole, if it is positioned directly behind Huang Chao, it will not be confused.

The right to quench thirst by drinking poison is a great event initiated by the Song Dynasty. Liao, Xixia and Jin ethnic minority regimes stood side by side with the Song Dynasty. The rise of Mongolia in the Southern Song Dynasty can be associated with the Yuan Dynasty. Release? Song Liao Xi Xiajin? Tandem together, it is the same era, convenient to remember, and the three minority regimes are also a testing ground.

Pre-Qin context

First near, then far, let's take a look at the pre-Qin context, which history calls? Pre-Qin era? . In fact, the pre-Qin period is easy to remember, right? Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States? . Then there were five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, because it was not a test center, so just remember that there were five tyrants. The Seven Heroes of the Warring States are the test sites, which should be remembered, but it is not difficult. It is divided into three parts: Qi Chuyan, Wei and Qin. ?

Put Qin at the end, because Qin is an important test center. First, the politics and economy in the early Han Dynasty will be brought into the history of Qin Dynasty. Second, there were C-level test sites in pre-Qin? Great social changes? It is also easy to take the Qin dynasty away.

Between Qin and Sui Dynasties

The dynasties between Qin and Sui Dynasties were very complicated, because there was the longest period of great division in China's history. So what was the whole between Qin and Sui Dynasties like? Great unification and great division? The first half is the unification of the Han Dynasty, and the second half is the division of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

First of all? The Han dynasty was divided into two parts, east and west, and finally Wei Shuwu? It shows that there were a large number of test sites in the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period.

The Three Kingdoms eventually belonged to the Western Jin Dynasty, so? The Three Kingdoms belong to the Western Jin Dynasty, Wuhu Southern and Northern Dynasties. ? After the Three Kingdoms came the Western Jin Dynasty, and then the Five Dynasties Rebellion. China is divided into North and South Dynasties, and the regime change between North and South is a testing ground. Emperor Wu of Song replaced Jin, Song Qi and Chen Liang? Song Qi Liang will compare it with later Zhou and recite it.

The northern dynasties are a bit messy, but according to the test sites, just remember? Wuhu returned to the Northern Wei Dynasty? Do it.

The last two clues are Sui, dating back to the first paragraph of memory, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

As long as students don't mistake the order of Qin Dynasty and Sui Dynasty, this split memory method is not easy to remember wrong in the memory age, but it is actually much more convenient than remembering from summer to Qing Dynasty.

Review methods of ancient history in China

Concrete first and then abstract.

The greatest feature of history lies in its timeliness. If we do not consider the regularity of historical development, we can say that an ancient history is the accumulation of various dynasties. Based on this feature, to review the ancient history of China, we should take time as a clue, first understand, be familiar with and master the specific situation of each dynasty, and then pay attention to the important issues that span several dynasties and even the whole ancient China. Lack of understanding of specific dynasties and facts, rushing into special history reading will miss a lot of knowledge points, and the understanding of the topic will not be in-depth. It's just a kind of rote learning, so it's hard to do well in the exam.

Second, face is the main factor, while point is the auxiliary factor.

This method is mainly aimed at beginners. Specifically, the purpose of reading the textbook for the first time is to have a general understanding of the historical process. It can be said that there is no focus, especially don't pay too much attention to or memorize test sites, especially very specific test sites, such as filling in the blanks in exams and the specific years of events in textbooks. That will distract attention from the overall understanding of history. Take the Western Han Dynasty as an example: read it three times, regardless of weight, and then try to remember it. You may find that some very specific and trivial knowledge points are vague, such as the amount of tax collected during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the specific name of mitigated punishment, the age of procuratorial system, the age of fighting against Xiongnu and so on. What remains in your mind is more general content, such as economic tax reduction, legal light punishment and cautious punishment, and national affection. This shows that you have gained a lot in reading and started to establish a plane understanding of the three generations of literature, scenery and martial arts. As for vague knowledge points, don't worry, that's the next problem to be solved. So did other dynasties.

Third, the combination of reading and memory.

You can read a textbook three times first, and then try to remember what you have learned after you have a certain understanding. It should be noted that what you recall is not fragmentary knowledge, but the whole ancient history from prehistory to Ming and Qing dynasties, in which there is no emphasis or non-emphasis. You recall the politics, economy, military, nationality, culture, thought, science and technology and foreign relations of each dynasty in order. This has at least two advantages: first, you can make full use of your spare time, such as doing this job in the car, on the road, by the pillow or even when waiting in line; Moreover, this kind of memory takes very little time, so we can recall the contents of the textbook in a short time. The second is to change rote memorization into memory. Your memory is not a retelling of the original text, but a memory of the general idea. What will you get in the end? Proud to forget your words? . To recall, just pick up a pen and a piece of paper, take notes on the vague or incomprehensible content, and then look for it in the textbook to make up for it.

Of course, after you have memorized in the order of dynasties, you need to change the theme of your memory. People or topics can be used as clues to recall. You can always recall the deeds of Hanwu, Song Zu and Genghis Khan in your spare time, or you can always recall a special topic, such as the relationship between Han and Xiongnu, and the relationship between Tang and Turkic. The whole ancient history can't stand the countless memories of your vertical and horizontal combination. If you can persevere, you will find that this is a very interesting thing and eventually reach a high level. The whole history will be transformed into your own knowledge, and you can use it and play it. No matter vertical or horizontal, or choice and historical materials, you will be invincible.

Fourth, compare with each other and cut properly.

After you have a better understanding of the textbook, you should pay attention to appropriately deleting some unnecessary contents during the review process. For example, the economic development of each dynasty includes agriculture, handicrafts and commerce. These contents are tedious and detailed, so it is time-consuming and unnecessary to remember them all. We should pay attention to the uniqueness of each dynasty. For example, agricultural production tools have not changed fundamentally since ancient times, and the main contents to be mastered are: Lei Lei in Shang Dynasty, ironware in Spring and Autumn Period, plowshare in Han Dynasty, Quyuan Plough in Tang Dynasty, simple cars, etc. Other content should also be treated in this way. In this way, the content of economic development is actually much less than that in textbooks, and the difficulty of mastering it will be greatly reduced.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) fixed review time

This kind of fixation mainly means to set aside a certain time for review every day to maintain continuity. History needs rote learning, but it is not a rote learning subject. Memorizing and mastering on the basis of understanding will get twice the result with half the effort. Understanding is a gradual process, not overnight. Therefore, it is absolutely impossible to sprint history in a concentrated period of time. Try to keep reading every day, so as to keep a sense of antiquity. At the same time, the shorter the review period, the better the memory effect and the better the effect will be. Cross-review China history and world history every day. Don't just read ancient history or world history for days on end. This means that the review cycle of each major is prolonged, and as a result, you forget the front after reading it, and forget the front after reviewing it. This kind of disorganized or long-term review is inefficient, not to mention the depth of understanding the textbook. At the same time, cross-review (preferably ancient and ancient, modern and modern) can compare the two and connect with each other. For example, events that happened in the same era can be associated with memory. The length of time should also be fixed, such as spending three hours reviewing the history of China and the history of the world every day.

Some Suggestions on the Study of China History

Attach importance to getting inspiration from ancient history.

The whole Huangdi Neijing is mostly based on basic theory, and there are few specific treatments. There are only thirteen prescriptions in it, which are called Huangdi Neijing. Thirteen prescriptions of Neijing? Compared with prescription science, there are many records about acupuncture, among which Lingshu is also called Acupuncture Classic, and Suwen also has many chapters about acupuncture. This is because during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the traffic was still very inconvenient, and it was in the stage of vassal separatism. At that time, logistics must be very inconvenient. How did drugs from the northeast reach the southwest? Therefore, what can be popularized on a large scale at this time can only be the idea of not relying too much on transportation and acupuncture tools, and the phenomenon of less drugs and more needles in Neijing naturally arises.

Looking at Neijing and Treatise on Febrile Diseases again, we attach great importance to the emphasis on cold pathogens. In Treatise on Febrile Diseases, almost the whole article emphasizes that cold pathogens invade meridians and viscera, especially in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. From the beginning, typhoid fever can be related to the historical characteristics of the Qin and Han Dynasties, such as sparsely populated, large cities mostly concentrated in the northern part of the Central Plains, and the Han Dynasty was in the second Little Ice Age in China's history, and the temperature was much lower than it is now. According to historical records, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty lived in Pingsi for four years? In summer and June, the wind is as cold as winter? So cold pathogen was the main cause of exogenous diseases at that time, which of course attracted the attention of doctors. Febrile disease school supplemented the deficiency of typhoid fever theory and was formed in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the data in Gao Wangling's book Population of China in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the population of China in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties was about1.5 ~ 200 million, and the population base was 3~6 times that of Han Dynasty. The increase of population means the increase of energy consumption, especially in the densely populated area south of the Yangtze River, which can lead to the small heat island effect and produce warmth and damp heat.

From the macroscopic point of view of the whole history of human development, before the Han Dynasty, people who suffered from many exogenous diseases and few internal injuries, suffered from seven emotions of internal injuries and were tired of eating could be cured by boiling soup. This is because in ancient times, human beings were still in the primary stage in the process of development, and people were more restricted by heaven and earth than today; With the progress of humanities and natural sciences, people's ability to fight against heaven and earth has become more and more powerful. Now that they have entered the youth of human development, they are more exposed to their own internal disharmony. Therefore, in some economically developed areas, the incidence of mental illness, endocrine diseases and other physical and mental related diseases is much higher than that in remote areas. As long as we look at the history of human development in an all-round way and apply it horizontally, it is not difficult to understand and correctly handle some problems.

Attach importance to the influence of the history of cultural thought

Traditional Chinese medicine is not a purely natural subject. Compared with modern medicine based on biology, physics, chemistry and other natural disciplines, Chinese medicine attaches more importance to literature, history, philosophy, art and other humanities. The authors of Huangdi Neijing, which laid the theoretical foundation of traditional Chinese medicine, did not leave their surnames at all, but only used the names of Huangdi Qibo. This practice is rare today, which embodies the philosophy of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. From this point of view, the author of Huangdi Neijing has obtained the essence of Taoist thought, which will naturally be reflected in the book. If you don't understand some philosophies of Laozi and Zhuangzi, how can you learn Huangdi Neijing today? Dong Zhongshu was very diligent in the Western Han Dynasty. Three years without peeking at the garden? It became a much-told story, and its academic thought became orthodox with the support of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The spring and autumn story mentioned? Man-day? In Neijing, it is also widely infiltrated. For example, the time when Sun Simiao, a doctor in the Tang Dynasty, lived was the heyday of Buddhism. Buddhism in China was initiated by the Southern Dynasties, forming a vegetarian tradition for monks. This concept also influenced Sun Simiao's medication. In his famous work "Great Doctor Sincerity", he spoke frankly and said:? Husbands kill for survival and go further for life. I don't need to take life as medicine, it's good for me. ; Others like Zhu Danxi? Yang is always abundant, and yin is often insufficient? Is it influenced by Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism? Defend justice and destroy human desire? Ideological influence; In the Qing Dynasty, the trend of doubting the ancient times prevailed, and Wang Qingren's "Correcting Lin Yi's Mistakes" appeared. What should be considered most is that western culture has occupied China people's outlook on life, world outlook and values since the spread of western learning to the east in modern times. Therefore, the research direction of contemporary Chinese medicine mostly follows the pace of western natural science, and the evaluation criteria of Chinese medicine are mostly westernized, which has a historical origin with the ideological bondage after the Qing Dynasty. Imagine what it would be like under the background that the literary inquisition is surging and the intellectuals can only be silent.

By roughly combing and analyzing the influence of the above culture on Chinese medicine, we can optimistically predict that with the improvement of China's comprehensive national strength, Chinese medicine will be revived, there will be fierce debates and contests between Chinese and Western medicine, and there will be a lot of exchanges and recognition in contradictions. He has me and I have him? In a complicated situation, this revival will take several generations of efforts, and then the new medicine in China may be dominated by Chinese medicine, operated by western medicine, and operated by Chinese medicine and operated by western medicine. In the end, the concepts of Chinese and Western medicine will fade, just as Buddhism was introduced from the west and merged into Neo-Confucianism, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism through the efforts of several generations of Song Confucianism.

Attach importance to the study of the personal life of doctors in past dynasties

Everyone's academic thought is influenced by his family background, living environment, social status, personality characteristics, personal experience and other factors. For example, Zhang Zhongjing, who has served as the magistrate of Changsha for a long time, can use administrative orders to carry out his treatment when a large-scale epidemic is prevalent, so it is easy to have a comprehensive understanding of the explosive epidemic. This part of the epidemic experience has become a part of the treatise on febrile diseases with a high level and a strong theoretical system, while the scattered experience gained from daily small-scale diagnosis and treatment activities has been integrated into the current part of synopsis of the golden chamber, and its system is not very strict; Huangfu Mi, a physician in the Western Jin Dynasty, majored in history when he was young. Because of joint pain in middle age, I became interested in learning acupuncture and self-treatment. Later, he wrote "A Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion" and became a master of acupuncture and moxibustion. For example, Sun Simiao, the drug king of the Tang Dynasty, was talented. Can a teenager get it? Holy boy? Fame, indifferent to fame and fortune all his life, has been practicing medicine among the people for a long time, gained a lot of first-hand clinical experience, and is good at collecting and sorting out folk prescriptions, so his academic characteristics are good at convergence, lively and agile, and there are a lot of original inventions in the square, which is inseparable from his personal experience; Li Dongyuan was born in a rich family, and he was pampered at ordinary times, rich and tasteless, and his diseases were mostly related to the spleen and stomach, so the theory of spleen and stomach appeared. Zhang Jingyue in the Ming Dynasty was called? After Zhongjing, one person through the ages? It is the best summary of his majestic academic atmosphere and rigorous system. He can often put forward the ancient eight-array theory and the new eight-array theory in military affairs, which is inseparable from his well-known family background and long-term military career experience. Yu Yue, a great scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, is known as the first person who advocated abolishing Chinese medicine in modern China. Medicine can be abolished, but medicine cannot be abolished? Because of its great academic and personality influence, this view has also had a far-reaching impact on the academic community, and even been criticized by today's Chinese medicine. But as long as we know that Yu Yue started as a teenager, his family changed one after another, and his relatives left one after another, we will naturally understand the origin of his statement.

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