Classification and establishment of distribution centers

Classification and establishment of distribution centers

Distribution center is a facility that receives all kinds of goods from suppliers, carries out operations such as inversion, classification, storage, distribution processing and information processing, and then prepares goods according to the ordering requirements of many demanders, and delivers them with satisfactory service level.

Classification of distribution centers The types of distribution centers are not only classified by functions, but also by business entities, ownership, business varieties and scope.

(a) according to the main operating points

1. The distribution centers dominated by manufacturers are mainly state-owned factories such as home appliances, automobiles, cosmetics and food. Manufacturers with strong circulation management ability, while establishing a retail system, shorten the logistics distance through the distribution center and deliver it to customers quickly. Its characteristics are few links and low cost. However, for retailers, it is difficult to meet the needs of sales because the delivery from here is limited to the products of one manufacturer, and it is a distribution center with a low degree of socialization.

2. The distribution center based on wholesalers means that wholesalers in full-time circulation industry concentrate the goods of multiple manufacturers as the main goods of wholesalers. These products can be distributed to retailers in a single variety or combination. Although this form has an extra link, it is an effective way for a factory that can't determine its own independent sales route or a retail store that can't prepare all kinds of goods.

3. Retailer-led distribution centers generally refer to distribution owned by large retail stores or group joint ventures.

Heart. Goods purchased from the wholesale department or directly from the factory pass through the retail store's own distribution center and then are sent directly to its own outlets and counters. In order to ensure that the goods are not out of stock, the retail store must have a certain "inner warehouse" to store the goods, and the distribution center can deliver the goods to all departments in the store in time, which is not only conducive to reducing the pressure of the warehouse in the store and saving the area occupied by the warehouse, but also conducive to concentrating the inventory in the distribution center and reducing the total inventory in the store.

4. The distribution center led by the commercial enterprise group is a distribution center established by the commercial enterprise group to complete the supply or sales of goods of the enterprise group. It is established to adapt to the product sales of enterprise groups.

5. Distribution center mainly based on logistics enterprises.

It is a comprehensive logistics center serving wholesale enterprises. Wholesale enterprises all over the country have a considerable amount of goods stored in the warehouses of local storage and transportation companies. In storage and transportation

The company warehouse is equipped on the basis of the transformation from storage type to circulation type.

The distribution center can directly deliver goods to retail stores across the warehouses or distribution centers owned by wholesale enterprises. Compared with the distribution center established by wholesale enterprises, it has the characteristics of high utilization rate of logistics facilities, low cost and wide service range.

(2) According to the business scope.

L, operating the distribution center of bulk commodities. This distribution center mainly provides raw materials, cooking oil, petroleum and gasoline. For processing plants, most of them are built near railways or ports.

2. Manage the raw material distribution center. The raw materials referred to here are mostly goods loaded in containers.

3. Manage the distribution center of each commodity. These goods usually refer to goods transported by containers and pallets, mainly manufactured goods, such as food.

4. Operate a frozen food distribution center. This distribution center has the function of freezing.

5, operating a special commodity distribution center. This distribution center mainly deals in special commodities, such as toxic substances, inflammable and explosive substances, medicines and so on.

(4) According to the scope of distribution

L, urban distribution center. Because cities are generally within the economic mileage of automobile transportation, distribution centers can deliver goods to end users and use automobile distribution. This distribution center is often combined with the retail management center. Due to the short transportation distance and strong reaction ability, it has advantages in multi-variety, small batch and multi-user distribution.

2. Regional distribution center. The distribution center with strong radiation ability and inventory ability distributes to users in all provinces, the whole country and even the international scope. This kind of distribution center is large in scale and is often distributed to business offices, shops, wholesalers and enterprise users.

Establish a distribution center, and the distribution developer does not open the distribution center. Distribution center is the base of distribution activities. At present, China is building a distribution center. Storage and transportation enterprises and wholesale enterprises can carry out some small-scale and small-scale distribution business, but they cannot be called real distribution. Therefore, the establishment of distribution center is the premise of the development of distribution business.

In China, the city is the center of commodity circulation, with good communication facilities and traffic conditions, and it is also a commodity distribution center. Therefore, China's commodity circulation should first be carried out in large and medium-sized cities as economic centers. As the center of economic development, big cities have the conditions for distribution in terms of material equipment, technology, management level, personnel quality and consumption level. Moreover, the main tool of distribution is the car, and the city scope is within the most economical driving range of the car. So this city is an ideal place for distribution centers.

(A) the establishment of distribution centers

L, various professional storage and transportation companies and commercial enterprises jointly establish distribution centers.

(1) Wholesale enterprises and storage and transportation companies jointly establish distribution centers.

Wholesale enterprises can choose branches of storage and transportation companies with good geographical location and facilities to unite through utilization, merger, shareholding and other forms. Through the alliance, wholesale enterprises not only expand the area of seven warehouses and increase their storage capacity, but also deliver goods to their doors and improve their service quality. For storage and transportation enterprises, the loss of goods in wholesale enterprises once caused a sharp drop in inventory and was in trouble. By establishing a distribution center, wholesale and storage and transportation are combined again, which changes the passive situation of storage and transportation enterprises waiting for users to come to the door, improves the utilization rate of warehouses, vehicles and equipment, and thus promotes the development of storage and transportation industry.

After the establishment of this distribution center, the traditional commodity circulation channels have been changed. Goods can be transported directly from the factory to the distribution center. Wholesalers summarize users' orders and notify the distribution center according to users' ordering requirements. Retail stores and users can also order directly from the factory, and then the distribution center will send the goods directly to the retail stores and users. In this way, wholesalers can concentrate on collecting information and feed back the commodity information to the factory in time, which is conducive to the adjustment of commodity structure and the acceleration of commodity circulation.

(2) Retail enterprises and storage and transportation companies jointly establish distribution centers.

With the establishment of large retail enterprise groups and chain stores, it is necessary to establish distribution centers. Because large retail enterprises generally don't have their own warehouses and are scattered in several places, it not only wastes manpower and material resources, but also increases the cost for the whole group. Therefore, in the name of the whole group, we set up a distribution center together with the storage and transportation enterprises through entrustment, leasing, etc., so as to concentrate the vehicles and needed goods of the internal enterprises in one warehouse, inform the distribution center of the quantity and time of the needed goods, and the distribution center will arrange them uniformly and distribute them to shopping malls or customers reasonably. Because belonging to the same group is conducive to the adjustment and unification of personnel management, finance and interests, it can greatly reduce the logistics cost and receive great benefits from the overall interests of the group.

Similarly, chain stores have been established in China for nearly two years, and it is unrealistic to relocate and establish distribution centers. The best way is to combine storage and transportation companies, use their warehouses and equipment, and entrust distribution, so that you can do more with less money.

2. Each professional storage and transportation company shall establish a distribution center.

Storage and transportation companies use their superior geographical location, complete facilities, special railway lines, years of management experience and business advantages to raise funds through loans, joint ventures and other forms to transform old warehouses and sites into distribution centers. In terms of business, we should stabilize existing customers and actively develop new customers; You can engage in wholesale business by yourself or act as an agent for other enterprises; Carry out leasing business, provide premises, facilities, personnel, management and other services for the lessee, and carry out distribution business for him. The advantage of this form is that the storage and transportation company has autonomy, flexible operation and easy management. But the key one is the number of customers. Only by winning enough customers can we realize the scale benefit of distribution.

3. Each wholesale company establishes a distribution center.

Wholesale companies can use their own circulation channels and storage and transportation equipment for distribution and establish distribution centers. On the one hand, it can be distributed to large, medium and small retail enterprises for the society; On the other hand, we can use our own wholesale network and sales channels to set up chain stores and distribution centers for small and medium-sized retail enterprises.

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