What is the difference between the southern and northern houses

Northern China and the geographic environment

China has a long history, a vast territory, a variety of natural environments, socio-economic environments are not the same. In the long process of historical development, and gradually formed a different form of residential architecture, this traditional residential architecture y imprinted with the geographical environment, vividly reflecting the relationship between man and nature.

Beijing Folk Houses

The courtyard house is a traditional residence in Beijing and even in North China. Its basic feature is the symmetrical arrangement of houses and courtyards along the north-south axis, facing south, with the main door generally opening at the southeast corner and a shadow wall built inside the door so that outsiders cannot see the activities inside the courtyard. The main room is located on the central axis, flanked by the ear room and the left and right rooms. The main room is the living room of the elders, and the side rooms are for the younger generation to live in. This solemn layout also reflects the orthodox and strict traditional character of the people in North China. Beijing is a warm-temperate, semi-humid continental monsoon climate, winter cold and less snow, spring drought and sand, therefore, residential design focus on heat preservation, cold and sand avoidance, the outer brick wall, the entire courtyard is surrounded by houses and walls, hard mountain-style roof, walls and roofs are thicker.

Inner Mongolia residential

Yurt is a typical Inner Mongolia tent-type residence, the most common felt bag. Inner Mongolia temperate grassland herders, due to the needs of nomadic life, the hometown to easy to dismantle the migration of the felt yurt as a residence. Traditionally, Mongolian herders live by the water and grass, the annual migration of four times, there are "spring puddle, summer Gang, autumn flat, winter" said, therefore, the yurt is the product of grassland areas of mobile grazing.

Ningxia residential

Ningxia is located in the northwest far from the sea, precipitation, temperature difference, cold climate, continental climate characteristics are obvious, drought in winter and spring sandy winds, prevailing northerly winds, so the residence is generally not open north window. In order to keep warm and prevent the cold, take the form of room courtyard, and the house is compact, the roof form for one side of the slope and two sides of the slope coexist.

Northern Shaanxi residential

Kiln type housing is more common in northern Shaanxi and even throughout the Loess Plateau region of residential forms. Divided into cliff kiln, ground defense kiln and masonry kiln. By the cliff kiln is in the loess vertical surface of the small kiln, constant hole connected or up and down several layers; pit kiln is in the soil excavation of deep pits, resulting in an artificial cliff surface and then excavated kilns; masonry kiln is on the ground with bricks, stone or adobe construction of a one-storey or two-storey gable-type houses. Loess Plateau area climate is more arid, and loess texture is uniform, with good cementation and uprightness of the characteristics of the soil is loose and easy to excavate, so the local people to adapt to local conditions and creative digging holes and living, not only saving building materials, but also has the superiority of warmth in winter and coolness in summer. Because of the pit type kiln is difficult to defend against flooding, and with the improvement of economic conditions, in recent years, some places have given up the pit type kiln construction, and one after another in the ground to build brick and wooden structure houses and live.

Shanxi and Shandong residential

Shanxi Taihang mountainous area and Shandong Jiaodong hilly area of the two places in the form of residential similar to a single door, a courtyard, with a doorway, both sides of the sloping roof. Because of the mountain high stone material is common, according to the traditional principle of building materials on the ground. Therefore, there are more brick and stone houses. In Shanxi, there are also many brick carvings and other decorations. The latitude of the two places is similar but there are differences in precipitation, so the slope of the roof is slightly different, the former due to the high terrain, southeast of the northeast-southwest direction of the Taihang Mountains blocking the ocean air flow, precipitation is not much (<700 mm/year); the latter wide valleys and low hills from the sea is close to the precipitation (>700 mm/year), in order to facilitate the drainage of the roof slope is steeper. Southern China and the geographic environment

Jiangsu residential

Jiangsu residential Suzhou as a representative. Suzhou, known as the "Venice of the East", has a dense water network, flat terrain, houses are built on the water, doors, steps, aisles and roads are located next to the water, the houses are naturally integrated into the water, roads, bridges, more buildings, brick and tile structure is the main. The architectural style of blue bricks and tiles, exquisite and clear, has formed a delicate, delicate and warm water town residential culture in the Jiangnan area. Due to the hot and humid climate, in order to facilitate the ventilation of heat and humidity to prevent rain, the courtyard is mostly set up in the patio, the walls and roofs are thin, and some of them have wider porches or spacious halls and pavilions.

Shanghai Residence

Shanghai, located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, has a favorable geographical position and is one of the birthplaces of modern national industry. Economically developed, the quality of housing is good, mostly brick and tile buildings, new and beautiful style, architectural style fully demonstrates the influence of human factors, quite the shadow of the "sea school" culture.

Fujian residential

Tulou of the Hakka people in southwestern Fujian is a special rural housing. Tulou appearance has a square, round, like a spoiled big bunker, its outer walls with soil, lime, sand, glutinous rice, etc. rammed, 1 m thick, up to 5-storey high; from the outside to the inside, the roof layer by layer down, *** three rings, the main building in the center; the total number of rooms up to more than 300, more than a dozen or even dozens of people **** living on the first floor. Fujian is the southeastern coast of the "mountainous country", the territory of the mountains and hills accounted for more than 80% of the terrain is complex, the phenomenon of banditry is more serious in history, the Central Plains Han Chinese migrated here, in order to prevent bandits and robbers anti-armed fights, the same clan of hundreds of people to build a building and residence, so the shape of a fortress of the building, the defense function is prominent. In addition, Fujian is located in the southeastern coastal seismic zone, the climate is warm, hot and rainy, the strong earth building can not only earthquake-proof and moisture-proof, but also warmth and heat insulation, it can be said that several advantages.

Yunnan Folk Houses

The dry-rail bamboo buildings are the main residence of the Dai, Wa, Miao, Jingpo, Hani and Brown minorities in southern Yunnan. The climate in southern Yunnan is hot, humid and rainy, so the lower part of the bamboo building is elevated to facilitate ventilation and moisture insulation, and it is mostly used as a rice milling field, storeroom and miscellaneous houses; the upper part of the front part of the bamboo building has a wide corridor and a sun deck, and the back part of the bamboo building is a hall and a bedroom; the roof is a hermetic style with a steep slope and a far-reaching eave, which provides shelter from the sun and the rain.

The colorful and varied Chinese traditional houses reflect the characteristics of China's vast territory and remarkable differences in natural conditions, and at the same time, it is also a vivid manifestation of the vast number of working people in China who transformed and adapted to the environment by making use of nature.