Opening questions of junior high school history

1, how to understand Mencius' meaning: "wealth cannot be lewd, poverty cannot be moved, and power cannot be bent"? Give an example of this noble spirit in the history of our country? How can the present society advocate this kind of honesty?

A: No matter what happens, no matter what changes, the basic principles of being a man cannot be changed. This is the meaning of this sentence. It embodies the integrity of the Chinese nation. For example: Fan Zhongyan's "Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world", Sima Qian wrote historical records with humiliation, Song Zhengqi of Wen Tianxiang, and Yue Fei's resistance to gold. In today's society, there are still many weak-willed people who can't stand the temptation of money and material things and become corrupt elements. The society vigorously publicizes this material, whips bad atmosphere, forms healthy atmosphere, and carries forward noble spirit; Individuals should strengthen the improvement of living standards, moral quality, moral sentiments and other aspects, so that lofty spirit becomes a common practice.

2. Sima Qian has a famous saying: "People are inherently mortal, and death is heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather. Its use is also different. " What do you think of this sentence by comparing his experiences and achievements with those of Qu Yuan? What life lessons can we learn from it?

A: Sima Qian endured humiliation and burden in order to achieve historical records; In order to express his loyalty to Chu, Qu Yuan threw himself into the river in a rage. Death in one's life is two completely different endings, but both of them are for ideals and ambitions, which embodies the lofty personality of two great men. Therefore, they are respected, loved and respected by the people. (I feel like I'm playing)

3. Evaluation of Emperor Taizong and the Rule of Zhenguan:

A: (1), knowing people and being good at their duties. He employs people regardless of seniority, personal relationships and personal grievances. As long as he has the talent to run the country and keep the country safe, he entrusts him with an important task. (2) Accept training with an open mind. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, many ministers made suggestions, the most famous of which was Wei Zhi.

Emperor Taizong was an outstanding emperor in the history of China. He has been in office for more than 20 years, with clear politics, economic development, low prices and social stability, which is known as "the rule of Zhenguan" in history. This is a period of political tolerance, opening to the outside world and strong national strength in the ancient history of China.

4. Comparing Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi and Emperor Taizong, what are their similarities and differences? Which emperor do you think is the tallest?

A: Their similarities are: (1) talented; (2) Heroic and decisive; (3) Be brave in innovation.

Difference: (1), Qin Shihuang's rule was too harsh and cruel. (2) Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also had a belligerent side. Although he can consolidate national defense and expand territory, excessive consumption of human resources is harmful to society. Fortunately, he was able to pull back from the brink. (3) Emperor Taizong was enlightened and tolerant. He was able to listen to opinions with an open mind, coachable, and advocated "Hua Yi family" in dealing with ethnic relations, which was particularly commendable.

5. Taiwan Province Province has been an inalienable part of the territory of China since ancient times. Please use historical facts to prove this assertion:

A: (1) During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan sent a general Wei Wen and others to lead a fleet to Taiwan Province Province (then known as Yizhou), and large-scale exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan Province Province began.

(2) Sui Dynasty: Zhu Kuan led a fleet to Taiwan Province Province (then called Liu Qiu).

(3) Yuan Dynasty: A patrol department was established in Penghu to manage Penghu and Ryukyu (now Taiwan Province Province).

(4) Qing Dynasty: Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province occupied by Dutch colonists; During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Taiwan Province Province belonged to the territory of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing government established the Taiwan Government, which was under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province.

(5) After World War II: After the Japanese surrendered, on 1945, 10/0, on October 25th, the China government recovered Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands and resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Taiwan Province Province.

6. Why can China resume its lawful seat in the United Nations?

A: (1), China has made great achievements in the fields of economy, culture, education, science and technology, national defense and so on through the joint efforts of the people of the whole country for many years. Restoring China's legitimate seat in the United Nations is the recognition of the achievements of the new China by the international community and the inevitable result of the improvement of China's comprehensive strength.

(2) The China government has long adhered to an independent foreign policy of peace, actively developed friendly relations with other countries, and won the respect of all peace-loving countries in the world.

(3) Judging from the pattern of international relations at that time, on the one hand, the contradiction between the United States and the Soviet Union was sharp and the Cold War intensified. The United States hopes to improve its relations with China in order to contain and confront the Soviet Union. On the other hand, Asian and African countries are closely United and become a force to be reckoned with on the international stage. They supported the restoration of China's legitimate seat in the United Nations.

7. Deng Xiaoping's contribution:

A: The chief architect of China's reform, opening up and modernization. (1), after the Cultural Revolution, the ideological emancipation movement was launched, which quickly shifted the focus of the work of the party and the state from "taking class struggle as the key link" to focusing on economic construction. (2), clearly put forward "go your own way and build socialism with China characteristics". Since then, it has become a banner that unites the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country in carrying out reform, opening up and modernization. (3) In the late 1980s and early 1990s, some people lacked confidence in the future of socialism, questioned the reform and opening up, and wavered the Party's basic line. At the critical moment, Deng Xiaoping's "Southern Talk" theoretically answered many important cognitive questions that have puzzled and bound people's thoughts for a long time, which not only played an important guiding role in the reform and development at that time, but also had great and far-reaching significance for the whole socialist modernization. (4) The concept of "one country, two systems" is not only conducive to maintaining the stability of Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan Province Province, but also opens up a realistic road for the great cause of China's reunification.

8. There is a saying in China: "Raise children to prevent old age." Do you think this sentence still makes sense under the new social conditions? Is there a conflict between the implementation of the old-age insurance system now and this sentence? You can express your opinions from different angles of the city and the countryside.

A: In the past, there was no old-age insurance system in China, and the elderly were mainly supported by their children and grandchildren. Therefore, there is an old saying that "the old are provided with a sense of security, and the old are protected". Although the old-age insurance system is basically implemented in cities and towns now, it does not mean that the fine tradition of the Chinese nation's children and grandchildren supporting the elderly is meaningless and can be discarded. The old-age insurance system only ensures the material life of the elderly economically, and spiritual comfort and family happiness need to be provided by children and grandchildren. At present, there is basically no old-age insurance system in the vast rural areas, and it is natural for children to support and honor the elderly. Therefore, it can be said that the implementation of the old-age insurance system only reduces the economic burden of children and grandchildren to a certain extent, and has no obligation and responsibility to honor and support the elderly for children and grandchildren.

9. Evaluation of Napoleon:

A: A famous bourgeois politician and strategist. (1), when he was in power, he took a series of measures to maintain and consolidate bourgeois rule and help and promote the development of capitalist economy. In particular, the formulation of the civil code affirmed the victory of the bourgeoisie in legal form, abolished feudal privileges, promoted the development of French capitalism, and had a far-reaching impact on the civil law of bourgeois countries. (2) When he was in power, foreign wars attacked the old feudal rule of various countries and spread revolutionary ideas, but they also plundered the wealth of the occupied countries, which was aggressive.

10, evaluation of Washington:

A: An outstanding bourgeois revolutionary. His noble qualities, such as integrity, no credit, no love for powerful people and no greed for ill-gotten gains, set an example for American government officials.

(1), was appointed commander-in-chief of the continental army at a critical moment, braved difficulties and obstacles, led the continental army and the colonial people, persisted in the armed struggle against Britain, and won the war of independence. (2) Insisted on opposing the monarchy, presided over the formulation of the first American bourgeois constitution, formed the first federal government, and consolidated the victory of the War of Independence. (3) He insists on lifelong system and opposes it. After the expiration of his second term, he refused to serve as president for the third time, setting a precedent that the term of office of the US president should not exceed two.

1 1, evaluation of Lincoln:

A: (1) During the civil war, the promulgation of the Homestead Act and the Slave Emancipation Act reversed the war situation and accelerated the process of military victory in the North.

(2) led the American people to win the civil war, safeguarded national unity, cleared the way for the accelerated development of American capitalism, and laid the foundation for the United States to rank among the countries in the world.

12. According to the knowledge learned, comment on the different influences of Columbus' voyage to America and Zheng He's voyage to the West on historical development.

A: The influence of Zheng He's voyage to the West;

The influence of Columbus' voyage to America: First of all, Columbus was the first person in the world to connect two originally isolated continents. His voyage promoted material and cultural exchanges between the old and new continents. Second, Columbus's voyage to the West accelerated the demise of feudal society in Europe and the development of capitalism. Without the resources of the New World and the slave-like labor of Indians and blacks, Europe could not break through the darkness of the Middle Ages, and there would be no subsequent industrial revolution.

13, "World War I was an appalling catastrophe for mankind, but it objectively promoted the process of world history." Some people think that this is a contradictory view; Others believe that this view conforms to the dialectical process of historical development. Please give your opinion on this academic debate.

A: The First World War was indeed a catastrophe, which caused great harm to mankind. However, World War I had a great impact on the world process, especially triggered a series of revolutionary movements and post-war liberation movements, which objectively promoted the development of science and technology. Of course, we can't deduce from it that war promotes the development of human society, thus affirming the conclusion of war.

14. What enlightenment can people get from the historical development of Japan, South Korea and Singapore?

A: (1), pay unremitting attention to education. Science and technology are the primary productive forces. Driven by the third scientific and technological revolution, science and technology are playing an increasingly important role in economic development, and economic competition is more manifested in the competition of scientific and technological strength. (2) It is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological cooperation with foreign countries, boldly introduce overseas talents, and pay close attention to the latest development of science and technology in the world. At the same time, we should try our best to digest and absorb foreign advanced technology. On the basis of absorption, boldly innovate and form its own characteristics. (3) On the basis of joining the WTO, actively explore the international market, rapidly develop foreign trade and strengthen investment in developing countries.

15. On the settlement of the Palestinian issue, the extremist forces of Palestine and Israel are tit for tat and do not give in to each other. They use tit-for-tat and violent methods to subdue each other and instill the idea of national revenge in the next generation. What do you think will happen? What should be the correct position and method?

A: Judging from the developments in the Middle East during the war, both war and peace in the Middle East are related to the extreme practices of both sides. Whenever one or both sides put forward extreme slogans and take extreme actions to subdue the other side, the contradiction between the two sides will be sharp, leading to the outbreak of war. When one side adopts a rational attitude and makes a peaceful attempt, the contradiction between the two sides will be eased and the conflict will gradually subside. The practice of extremist forces in Palestine and Israel will only aggravate contradictions and escalate the conflict round by round, which will never end. The correct position and method should be to realize that neither side can achieve their goals by force. Only by recognizing each other's right to exist and dealing with all kinds of problems with peaceful wishes can we strive for an environment for our survival and development and produce win-win results.

16. Why did China join the WTO? What impact has China's entry into WTO brought to society and individuals?

A: (1) China needs the WTO. If developing countries don't want to lag behind and be passively beaten for a long time, they must conform to the trend and actively integrate into the economy. After joining WTO, China not only has the right to share the fruits of economic globalization, but also can participate in formulating relevant "rules of the game", seize the initiative in establishing the international economic order, and take advantage of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism to occupy a favorable position in the international trade war. This is a major political and economic action for us to stand on our own feet among the nations of the world. The WTO also needs China. As the largest developing country in the world, China has more than one fifth of the world's population, and its total economic output and total import and export value are among the highest in the world.

(2) The impact is both positive and negative. From the social point of view, China's entry into WTO not only promotes the development of China's import and export trade, thus promoting the development of the whole national economy, but also challenges China and brings some social problems such as unemployment. Personally, after China's entry into WTO, people have enjoyed some cheap foreign products, including various fruits, agricultural products and automobiles. At the same time, people who work in some industries face greater competitive pressure.

17. There have always been two opposing views on the relationship between population, resources and urban development in the world. One view is that in the foreseeable future, population growth will exceed the supply capacity of the earth, and human beings will face hunger and energy depletion. The space choked by their own cigarettes is limited, but there are many potential resources. With the development of science, new resources will be discovered. Therefore, it is meaningless to set a population limit for the earth. What's your opinion?

A: On this issue, we can neither be too pessimistic nor too optimistic. Human beings constantly encounter new problems and challenges, and in this process, they will constantly put forward new solutions, including controlling the growth of their own number, and generally will not reach the level of self-destruction. At the same time, due to the limited earth space, water, air and other resources are also limited, and the excessive growth of human beings will also be punished by nature.

18, the impact of World War I.

A: (1) War has brought great disaster and destruction to mankind. (2) World War I triggered a series of revolutionary movements, and the October Revolution in Russia established the first socialist country. (3) World War I changed the strategic war situation of capitalist powers. Europe's position as the center of the world began to shake, and the United States and Japan rose rapidly. (4) World War I objectively promoted the development of science and technology.

19, the influence of World War II:

(1), unprecedented disaster. (2) Fascism was destroyed and the concept of peace was deeply rooted in people's hearts. (3) It dealt a heavy blow to the development of imperialism and national movements. (4) enhanced the strength of international socialism. (5) objectively promoted the development of science and technology.

20. Fan Zhen's book Deism pointed out: "When a person dies, the body does not exist and the spirit disappears." Why does Lei Feng's spirit shine forever? How to understand this? Talk about your opinion.

Point of view to solve the problem:

When we say that Lei Feng's spirit shines forever, we mean that Lei Feng's spirit of serving the people completely and thoroughly, such as helping others, hating the rich and loving friends, putting aside public interests and forgetting personal interests, is always worth learning and advocating. This spirit is different from Fan Zhen's "God".

2 1. How did China become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in modern times? Please write a short article of more than 200 words around the center of "being behind will be beaten" and talk about your learning experience. The topic is homemade.

Process:

With the Opium War (1)1840-1842, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. (2) The Second Opium War from1856 to 1860 and the signing of the Tianjin Treaty and the Beijing Treaty further deepened the semi-colonization of China society. (3) Sino-Japanese War/KOOC-0/894-/KOOC-0/895, the signing of treaty of shimonoseki greatly deepened the semi-colonization of China society, (4) Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China/KOOC-0/900-/KOOC-0/year, "Xin Xin.

Short essay: abbreviation