Development of Lacquerware Craft in Han Dynasty and Its Artistic Features

Lacquer painting originated from lacquer painting techniques. "Shuo Yuan" records that "... Shun released heaven and earth, and Yu received it. As a ritual vessel, it is painted outside and painted with vermilion inside ... "Fragments of lacquerware from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, depicting figures, houses, flowers and birds, etc. The earliest known lacquer painting was found in Langjiazhuang, Linzi, Shandong Province. Lacquerware unearthed from Chu Tomb in Changtaishan, Xinyang, Henan Province, depicts scenes such as gods, monsters, dragons, snakes, hunting and dancing. The colors used are red, crimson, light yellow, yellow, brown, green, blue and white. With the development of lacquerware in Han Dynasty, lacquer painting as a decorative pattern also developed. There are a lot of lacquer paintings on lacquer coffins and lacquer coffins unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb, which vividly depict floating clouds, people, gods, birds and beasts. Since then, the development of lacquer painting technology has laid the foundation for lacquer painting to become an independent variety.

Modern lacquer painting in China began in the 1940s. At that time, Professor sichuan fine arts institute and famous lacquer artist Shen created Goldfish Plate and Carp Screen with Overlapping Lacquers. In the 1960s, arts and crafts workers applied the skills of lacquerware to lacquer painting, making lacquer painting a craft painting with high ornamental value. In 1970s, Tianjin University of Arts and Crafts created a new variety of aluminum plate lacquer painting, that is, using aluminum plate as the substrate, using anticorrosive materials to hook the painting on the aluminum plate with lines, then etching it with acid solution to keep the hooked lines, then painting it with colored paint, drying and polishing it. Most of the paints used are nitric acid paints, which are bright in color and have the flavor of the times.

The production process of craft lacquer painting is complicated. Draw a sketch first, copy the sketch on the pre-made tire board, and then design the process program according to the needs of the picture.

The materials used in lacquer painting are mainly natural lacquer, cashew nut paint and modified chemical paint can also be used. Tone pigments are chemical pigments and mineral pigments with relatively stable properties, which are blended with tung oil and diluted paint. The commonly used materials for painting are gold foil, gold powder, silver foil, silver powder, aluminum foil, shell pieces, eggshells and so on. Lacquer painting techniques include painting, engraving, embedding, carving, overlapping and grinding. Spray painting is the most commonly used process. Generally, tung oil is used for painting, mixed with pigments, which can be sketched, painted, rendered and sprinkled on the screen, showing a delicate or rough style. In lacquer painting, if gold, silver and other materials are used to draw lines or render, it is called gold tracing or halo gold. Lacquer grinding is often the last process of lacquer painting. Lacquer painting is to cover a large layer of pigment on the paint surface, dry it and polish it with charcoal or water sandpaper. After polishing, the picture effect gradually appears. After polishing, push the light, and the whole work is completed.

After the lacquer painting is finished, it should be put in a special cool room to dry. The vulva requires constant temperature and humidity, the temperature is 25 ~ 35℃, and the humidity is 70% ~ 90%.