What are the different customs of Chung Yeung Festival in different places?

The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival. Because the ancient "I Ching" designated "six" as the number of yin and "nine" as the number of yang, the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the sun and the moon and the sun, the two nines are heavy, so it is called Chung Yeung, also known as Chong Yeung, also known as Chung Nine. Chongyang Festival has been formed as early as the Warring States period, to the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a folk festival, and since then it has been inherited by successive dynasties. The name "Chongyang Festival" was first recorded in the Three Kingdoms era. According to Cao Pi's "The Book of the Ninth Day and the Book of Zhongtou", "The years go by and the months come and go, and suddenly it is the ninth day of the ninth month of the ninth lunar month. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon should be the same, so the common people honored its name and thought that it was suitable for a long time, so they used it to enjoy the feast."

The Chung Yeung Festival, first of all, the custom of climbing, September in autumn, high and refreshing, this season can be achieved by climbing high and looking far away, fitness to get rid of the purpose of the disease. And the high associated with the custom of eating Chongyang cake. High and cake resonance, as a holiday food, the earliest is to celebrate the harvest of autumn grain, the joy of tasting the new grain intention, after the folk have climbed high to eat cake, to take the step by step of the auspicious meaning of high.

Chrysanthemum Day, there has always been the custom of chrysanthemum appreciation, so the ancient also known as the Chrysanthemum Festival. In September of the lunar calendar, commonly known as the month of chrysanthemums, the festival organizes a chrysanthemum conference, and crowds of people from all over the city go to the conference to enjoy chrysanthemums. Since the Three Kingdoms, Wei and Jin dynasties, it has become fashionable to gather and drink wine, enjoy chrysanthemums and write poems on Chrysanthemums. In ancient Han Chinese custom, chrysanthemums symbolize longevity. In ancient times, it was also customary to insert cornelian cherry blossoms into the cornelian cherry tree, so it is also called Cornucopia Festival. Cornus officinalis is used in medicine and can be used to make wine to nourish the body and get rid of diseases.

Ancient people considered it an auspicious day for celebration and began to celebrate it at an early age. The Chongyang Festival is a traditional Han Chinese festival that combines a variety of folklore into one. Celebrations of Chongyang Festival generally include traveling to enjoy the scenery, climbing up to a high altitude, viewing chrysanthemums, inserting dogwoods, eating Chongyang cakes, drinking chrysanthemum wine, and other activities. Nine nine Chongyang, because and "long time" the same sound, nine in the number is the largest number, there is the meaning of long life, and autumn is also the golden season of the year's harvest, Chongyang Festival, meaning far-reaching, people have always had a special feeling about this festival, Tang poetry and Song Dynasty has a lot of congratulations on the Chongyang, chrysanthemum poetry masterpieces.

In the folklore concept, the nine nine suns, because with the "long time" homophonic, contains a long life, health and longevity of the symbolism. 1989, China's nine September each year as the Day of the Elderly, advocating that the whole society to establish a respect for the elderly, respect for the elderly, love for the elderly, old people to help the culture, the Chongyang Festival has a new layer of meaning.

Customs of Chrysanthemum Festival

Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum, also known as the yellow flower, belongs to the family of chrysanthemums, with many varieties. Our country is the hometown of chrysanthemums, and it is very common to cultivate chrysanthemums since ancient times. Chrysanthemum is the flower of longevity, but also for the literary people praised as a symbol of the unyielding frost of the chrysanthemum, so people love it, praise it, so often held large-scale chrysanthemum exhibition. Chrysanthemum exhibition is naturally held in Chung Yeung, because the relationship between chrysanthemum and Chung Yeung is too deep; therefore, Chung Yeung is also known as Chrysanthemum Festival, and chrysanthemum is also known as the nine flowers. Appreciation of chrysanthemums has also become an integral part of the Chrysanthemum Festival. Song Dynasty "Tokyo Chuhua Records" Volume VIII: "September Chongyang, are under the chrysanthemum, there are several kinds. The yellow and white stamens of the lotus room said 'Wanling chrysanthemum', pink said 'peach blossom chrysanthemum', white and sandalwood heart said 'wood fragrance chrysanthemum', yellow and round 'Jinling chrysanthemum', pure white and big. ', pure white and large said 'hi Rong Ju. Nowhere else.

Denggao

One of the most important festivities of the Chung Yeung Festival, that is, to climb. Therefore, the Chongyang Festival is also called the "Festival of Ascending Heights". There is no standardized rules for where to go, but generally it is to climb high mountains and towers.

Denggao As early as in the Western Han Dynasty, "Chang'an Zhi" in the capital of the Han Dynasty on September 9, when people play to view the record. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there is the famous story of "Longshan drop hat". According to the book of "Jin" in the "Meng Jia biography", the day of the September sun, the Jin Dynasty, Huan Wen and the army general Meng Jia and others climbed the Dragon Mountain (today's Hubei Jiangling County, northwest of a mountain), Meng Jia viewing the mountain scenery, and even the cap was blown away by the wind also do not know. Huan Wen told people to write a composition to laugh at him, and he did not show weakness, composition reply, a moment passed as a good story.

Ming and Qing dynasties, Beijing is quite prevalent in the region, "Yanjing Times" cloud: "Beijing is said to be the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chongyang. Every September 9, then all people carry pots and pillars, out of the capital to ascend. South is the Tianning Temple, Taoranting, Longjiaohuai, etc., the north is the Jimen Smoke Tree, clear purification domains, etc., as far as the Western Hills, eight places. Poetry and wine, baked meat and cake, inquire about the happiness of the moment also." Not thesis people people, all like to climb the mountain after picnic, roast meat to eat. Some of the rich relatives with curtains and tents, baking equipment, horses and carts, musical instruments, climbing platforms, earth slopes, set up curtains and tents, tables and chairs, eat pop roasted lamb or shabu-shabu, and singing and playing music, listening to songs and watching dances. Such as the end of the Qing Dynasty Empress Dowager Cixi, every year in the Beihai East Peach Blossom Hill climbing, picnic, barbecue, and set up a blue cloth barricade, to prevent the idle peeping. In yuyuantan fishing platform and other places, also concentrated a lot of guests. The Imperial Garden of the Forbidden City, there are also climbing the mountain.

Particularly Tengwang Pavilion, because of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Bo in the Chongyang Festival in the Pavilion to write a thousand years of famous text "Tengwang Pavilion Preface," more famous throughout the world. As for the monument of the Hatfall Platform on Longshan Mountain in Jiangling, Hubei province, which commemorates the fall of Meng Jia of the Jin Dynasty, it also attracts many tourists.

Since Chung Yeung is an autumn festival, the grass and trees begin to wither after the festival, so some people call the Chung Yeung Festival field trips as "resignation of the green", which corresponds to the March spring tour of "treading the green". Qing Pan Rong ah "imperial capital years and times record" records: "(Chung Yeung) have to rule to see with a drink in the countryside of each door to drink all day, called 'resignation of the green'." This is also a rather poetic name.

Peating Cornus - Hairpin Chrysanthemum

The Chrysanthemum Festival is also known as the Cornus Festival because of the custom of wearing a cornelian cherry on the Chrysanthemum Festival. Cornus officinalis is an important symbol of the Chongyang Festival. People also like to wear chrysanthemums at the festival. Cornus corniculatus is also known as the "Evil Weng", and chrysanthemum is also known as the "longevity guest". Pai cornelian cherry

Cornelian cherry is a kind of fruit that can be used as traditional Chinese medicine, because the cornelian cherry produced in Wu Di (today's Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other areas) is of the best quality, and therefore also called Wu Cornelian cherry, also known as Yue Pepper or Ai Zi, which is a kind of small evergreen tree, the tree can grow to more than ten feet high, the leaves are pinnately compound leaves, green and white flowers in the early summer, the fruit looks like a pepper; ripening in the fall. The fruit is yellow when young, and becomes purple-red when ripe. It has the effect of warming the middle, relieving pain, and regulating qi. Cornus leaf can also cure cholera, and the root can kill insects. The Compendium of Materia Medica says that it has a pungent and aromatic odor and is warm and hot in nature, so it can cure cold and expel poison. Ancient people believed that wearing cornelian cherry could ward off evil spirits and disasters.

The custom of wearing cornelian cherry in the Tang Dynasty was prevalent, people believe that in the day of the festival of the cornelian cherry can take refuge from disasters; or wear in the arm, or as a bag of cornelian cherry inside the belt, known as the cornelian cherry bag, there are also inserted in the head. Mostly women and children wear, some places, men also wear. Chrysanthemum Festival to wear cornelian cherry, in the Jin Dynasty Ge Hong "Western Scripture Miscellany" has been recorded. In addition to wearing cornelian cherry, people also wear chrysanthemums on their heads. This was already the case in the Tang Dynasty and has been practiced throughout the ages. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of the Chongyang Festival in Beijing was to put chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows to "lift up the evils and attract good luck". This is a variation of the head hairpin chrysanthemum. Song Dynasty, there will be colorful silk cut into cornelian cherry, chrysanthemum to give each other to wear.

Paper Harrier

Paper Harrier is the main custom of the Chongyang Festival in Huizhou. In other words, Huizhou folk over the Chrysanthemum Festival is to release the harrier as the main feature. In addition to the ballads circulating in Huizhou, the Guangxu Huizhou Prefectural Records has also recorded this custom. Flying paper harriers

Paper harriers are also known as kites nowadays. The kite is the title after the Five Dynasties, before the Five Dynasties, the north used to call "paper kite", the south is mostly called "harrier", Huizhou's "paper harrier" title is obviously retained before the Five Dynasties, the ancient name, and the "paper harrier" is also called "kite". The old name, and there is a "mixture of north and south" flavor.

Eating Chrysanthemum Cake

Chrysanthemum's dietary style, in addition to the aforementioned drinking cornelian cherry, chrysanthemum wine, chrysanthemum food, there are a number of, the most famous is to eat cake. In the north, the wind of eating Chongyang cake is especially prevalent. Chongyang cake

According to the "Xijing Miscellany", the Han Dynasty, there has been September 9 to eat Peng bait custom, that is, the original Chongyang cake. Bait, that is, the ancient cake. Zhouli" bait used as a sacrifice or eaten at banquets. The Han Dynasty also recorded a millet cake, may not be far from today's cake. Peng bait, must also be similar to the millet cake and so on. To the Song Dynasty, eat Chung Yeung cake style flourished. Cake and high harmony, eat cake is to take the meaning of good luck, and therefore favored by the people.

Chongyang cake, also known as flower cake, chrysanthemum cake, five-color cake, the system is not fixed, more random, there are "brown flower cake", "fine flower cake" and "money flower cake.

Drinking Chrysanthemum Wine

Chrysanthemum is a famous flower in China, and it is also a famous flower for longevity. At the time of "frost, only this grass flourishes", chrysanthemum has become a symbol of vitality due to its unique character.

As early as in Qu Yuan's writing, there has been "eating autumn chrysanthemums in the fall of the Ying" sentence, that is, serving chrysanthemum petals. In the Han Dynasty, there was already chrysanthemum wine. Cao Wu in the Wei Dynasty had given chrysanthemums to Zhong Zhuan in the Chongyang Festival, wishing him a long life. Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty wrote in his book "Hug Park Zi" that people in the mountains of Nanyang, Henan Province, prolonged their lives by drinking sweet valley water with chrysanthemums growing all over it. In Emperor Jianwen's "Chrysanthemum Picking", there is a sentence "We call each other to pick chrysanthemum beads in baskets, and the dew is wet and stains the roses", which is also the act of picking chrysanthemums to make wine. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, chrysanthemum wine is still prevalent, in the Ming Dynasty, Gao Lian's "Zunsheng Bazian" is still recorded, is the prevalence of fitness drinks.

Chrysanthemum wine is a traditional custom in China during the Chrysanthemum Festival. Chrysanthemum wine, in ancient times, was regarded as the "auspicious wine" that must be drunk to dispel disasters and pray for blessings.

Chrysanthemum wine was brewed in China as early as the Han and Wei Dynasties. According to the "Xijing Miscellany", "chrysanthemum Shu, and pick stems and leaves, mixed millet for brewing, to the next year, September 9 began to ripen, on drink, so called chrysanthemum wine."

Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty also said, "Wine can get rid of all diseases, and chrysanthemums can control the age of decay. Later, drinking chrysanthemum wine gradually became a folk custom, especially in the Chongyang Festival, more to drink chrysanthemum wine. The Jing Chu Chronicle of the Years and Seasons says, "On the ninth day of the ninth month, wear cornelian cherry, eat lotus ears, and drink chrysanthemum wine, so that you can live longer."

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, chrysanthemum wine was made with a variety of herbs, making it even more effective. The production method is: decoction of chrysanthemum flowers, with the song, rice wine or add rhubarb, angelica, Chinese wolfberry medicines.

Because chrysanthemum wine can remove wind and heat, nourish the liver and improve eyesight, reduce inflammation and detoxification, it has a high medicinal value. Li Shizhen, a medical doctor in the Ming Dynasty, pointed out that chrysanthemum has the efficacy of "treating head wind, brightening the ears and eyes, removing fistulae and curing all kinds of diseases".

Anciently, chrysanthemum wine was brewed for the Chrysanthemum Festival of the second year. September 9 this day, picking the first bloom of the chrysanthemum and a little verdant branches and leaves, mixed in the grain ready to brew, and then used together to brew wine, put to drink on September 9 of the second year. Legend has it that drinking this kind of wine can prolong one's life. From a medical point of view, chrysanthemum wine can brighten the eyes, cure dizziness, lower blood pressure, lose weight, lighten the body, tonify the liver, settle the stomach and intestines, and benefit the blood. During the festive season, when the autumn air is fresh and chrysanthemums are in full bloom, the hedges in front of the windows are filled with golden color. In addition to climbing up to insert dogwood, friends and relatives are invited to drink chrysanthemum wine, *** to enjoy the yellow flowers, it is really interesting. Especially the poets, chrysanthemum drinking, poetry and singing, leaving a lot of good lines for future generations.

Because of the chrysanthemum wine, Chongyang has become a festival for the god of wine. For example, "Shandong Folklore - Chongyang Festival" describes that Shandong wine houses sacrifice to the god of cylinder on Chongyang Festival, and the god is Dukang. In Guizhou Renhuai County Moutai Town, every year, the sun, began to cast the material under the medicine brewing, legend has it that is because of the nine nine suns, yang qi is strong to brew a good wine. Whenever the first wine is baked, the owner will light incense and candles in the place where the "God of Du Kang" is posted and place offerings to pray for the success of the brewing (see Chinese Folklore Cai Ying Lu). In Ningyuan, Hunan Province, on the ninth day of the ninth month, "the competition to make wine is held on the day of the Chongyang wine". These customs show that the relationship between the sun and wine is very deep.

All over the Chrysanthemum Festival

In addition to the above more common customs, there are also some unique forms of festivals.

The Chongyang Festival in northern Shaanxi Province is the harvest season, a song sings: "September 9 Chongyang, harvest ah ah ah harvest fall busy. Grain ah, surimi ah, on ah on the field". Shaanbei over Chongyang in the evening, the day is a full day of harvesting, playing field. At night, the moon over the treetops, people love to enjoy buckwheat boiled mutton, to eat dinner, people go out of their homes in twos and threes, climbed the nearby hills, lit a fire, talk about the sky and the earth, to be called by the chickens before going home. Night climbing, many people are picking a few handfuls of wild chrysanthemums, home inserted in the daughter's head, to avoid evil spirits. In Fujian Putian, people follow the old custom, to steam nine layers of Chung Yeung rice fruit, China's ancient times have Chung Yeung "food bait" custom, "bait" that is today's pastries, rice fruit and so on. Song Dynasty "Jade Candle BaoDian" cloud: "nine days of food bait, drink chrysanthemum wine, the time of corn, broomcorn and harvest, in order to stick to the flavor of rice to touch the class to taste the new, and then become a habit. Early Qing Dynasty Putian poet Song Zuqian "Min wine song" said: "I was shocked to hear that the festival is near the Chung Yeung Festival, the delicate hand with a basket to pick up the wild fragrance. Pestle and mortar pounded into a green powder wet, the pearls call Lang taste". In recent times, people have also converted the rice fruit into a very distinctive Jiuzhong Rice Fruit. High-quality late rice with water washing, soaking for 2 hours, drained, mixed with water and ground into a thin pulp, add alum (dissolved in water) mixing, plus red plate sugar (mixed with water boiled into a thick liquid sugar), and then placed in a steamer on the pot, laying on a clean cooking cloth, and then divided into nine, scooped into the rice fruit pulp, steamed for a number of hours that is cooked out of the cage, the surface of the rice fruit smeared with peanut oil. This rice fruit in nine overlapping layers, can be uncovered, cut into diamond angles, four sides of the hierarchy, was translucent body, eaten sweet and soft to the mouth, and does not stick to the teeth, can be called the best gift to honor the elderly Chung Yeung food.

Masses in some places also have the opportunity to take advantage of the Chung Yeung mountaineering, sweeping ancestral tombs, to commemorate the ancestors. Putian people to Chongyang ancestor worship than the Qingming for more, so there is a custom to March for the small Qingming, the ninth for the big Qingming said. Due to the Putian coast, the ninth day of the ninth month is also the anniversary of Mazu's ascension to heaven, the townspeople go to the Mazu Temple in Meizhou or the Tin Hau Ancestral Shrine and Palace in the harbor to offer sacrifices and ask for blessings.

After the founding of New China, the Chongyang Festival was enriched with new activities, and in 1989, it was designated as the Day of the Elderly. Every day, all over the world to organize the elderly mountaineering autumn excursions, broaden their horizons, exchange of feelings, exercise, and cultivate people to return to nature, love of the motherland's great mountains and rivers of noble character.

Xianghe County, Hebei Province, September 9, families with in-laws will send gifts to each other, known as the "chase festival. In Yongpingfu, the weather of Chongyang is used to determine the future rain or shine. If it rains on the Chongyang Festival, it will also rain on these days. As there are no mountains in Dianzhou County, many county residents go up to the city tower to climb high on the Chongyang Festival.

Shandong Province Changyi northern people eat spicy radish soup on the Chongyang Festival, there is a proverb: "Drink the radish soup, the whole family does not suffer". The people of Jancheng call the Chongyang Festival the birthday of the God of Wealth, and every family burns a cake to offer the God of Wealth. In Zouping, Fan Zhongyan is worshipped in Chongyang, and in the old days, dye houses and wine houses also worshipped the god of cylinder on September 9th. Tengzhou married less than three years of daughters, avoid going back to her mother's home for the festival, there is a "home for the Chung Yeung, dead her mother-in-law wave" said.

Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province, Chongyang Festival, friends and relatives to chrysanthemums, chrysanthemum cake gifts. Scholars and scholars appreciate each other with poetry and wine. It is said that women can cure heartache by picking cornelian cherry in their mouths on this day.

Jiangsu Province Chung Yeung Festival, Nanjing people to five-color paper chiseled into a slanting shape, linked into a flag, inserted in the court. Changzhou County Chanyang Festival to eat a noodle called "camel's feet". Wuxi County Chrysanthemum Festival to eat the Chrysanthemum Cake, Nine Pieces of Soup.

Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai Yuyuan Chrysanthemum Festival in the Chrysanthemum will be held to the new, noble, rare three ratings set the high and low.

Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing Province, the Chongyang Festival to visit each other, unless friends and relatives have a funeral, only to the spirit of the cry. Tonglu County on September 9 to prepare pigs and goats to ancestors, known as the autumn festival. At the same time also in the Chongyang Festival tie zongzi, gift each other, known as Chongyang zongzi.

Jiangxi Province, Dexing County, September 9, cut late rice.

Tongling County, Anhui Province, the ninth day of Chongyang for the Dragon Candle will be to welcome the mountain gods. Cutting bamboo horses for theater is said to expel the plague.

Wuchang County, Hubei Province, in the Chung Yeung Day brewing, it is said that the wine brewed by the most clean, and long hiding not bad. In Yingcheng County, the Chrysanthemum Festival is a date for returning wishes, and even families worship the god of Tianzu in Fangsha on this day.

Changting County, Fujian Province, farmers picking field beans to gift, known as the Mao Bean Festival. Haicheng County, Chongyang Festival kite flying as a play, known as the "wind Crew".

Guangdong Province, Lianchuan Chrysanthemum, boys and girls are to the city outside the gathering to answer the song, the state people watch. Nanxiong Province on September 9, please Maoshan Taoist priests to build the Queen Mother will, want to seek heir to the young women will come to participate. Yangjiang County Chanyang Festival release paper kites, and tie rattan bow on it, in mid-air sound very loud and clear. Lingao County people get up early on the Chrysanthemum Festival, everyone shouted "drive the cat", as a good omen of peace and prosperity.

Huaiji County, Guangxi Province, to the Chung Yeung for the first day of the Emperor. Men and women, young and old, out of the city, Sai God reward, all with cannons. Longan County, September 9, let the cattle and sheep to forage for food on their own, as the saying goes: "September 9, cattle and sheep to keep their own".

Sichuan Province, the old Nanxi County readers on this day in Longtengshan Censhan building gathering to commemorate the poet Cen Sen, known as the "Cen Guild". The old folk custom, before and after the Chongyang to glutinous rice steamed wine, making mash. As the saying goes: "Chrysanthemum steamed wine, sweet and savory".

Shanxi Province, Shanxi Jinnan region since ancient times, there is a September 9, the traditional habit of heights. The festival has become a feast for those who want to see the great mountains and rivers and admire the famous monuments. So far in the folklore recited "Qiankun open win concept, my generation together high", "the east wind can not stay, Ran up the peak", "September Xin new clear, three farmers celebrate the fall" and other famous words.

Nanyang, Henan Province, shouting mountain contest to "wish you a long and healthy life", "white head and old age", "family beauty" and other beautiful words as the main content, of course, according to their own wishes, shouting out unique Of course, you can also shout out your own unique words according to your own wishes. At that time, 99 old people will participate in the mountain climbing competition together, after the summit of the mountain shouting contest, the staff will use the decibel meter, according to the size of the sound of the contestants to determine the competition rankings. Qingfeng County children in the Chongyang Festival paper kites as a play.