Introduction to the working principle and working process of automotive ECUs

I believe we are all very curious about the working principle and working process of the automobile ECU. The following is an introduction to the working principle and work process of the automotive ECU, so that you have a deeper understanding of the automotive ECU.1. The working principle of the engine electronic control system. The working principle of the engine electronic control system is: when the engine starts, the ECU quickly enters the working state, takes out some programs or steps from the RAM and inputs them into the central processing unit (CPU). These programs can control gasoline injection, control ignition timing, control idle state and so on. Under the control of the CPU, the instruction signals are cycled one by one. During program execution, the required engine information comes from each sensor. The signals from each sensor first go to the input stage (loop) to process their signals. If the signal is digital, it goes to the ECU through the input/output (I/O) interface circuitry according to the CPU's arrangement; if it is analog, it must be converted to a digital signal by an A/D converter before it can go to the ECU through the I/O interface circuitry.Most of the information is temporarily stored in RAM, and is then sent from the RAM to the CPU as needed.The reference data stored in RAM is then also is introduced into the CPU and compared with the signals input from the sensors. At the same time, each signal from the relevant sensor is sampled in turn and compared with the reference data. After comparing and calculating these data, the CPU makes a decision and issues a control command output signal. Through the I/O interface circuit, some necessary signals also have to be converted into analog signals by A/D, and finally the output stage (loop) controls the actuator. If it is an injector drive signal, it controls the injection timing and pulse width to complete the injection control function; if it is an ignition timing signal, it controls the on-off of the ignition coil, so that the secondary generates high pressure to break through the spark plug air gap ignition. When the engine is working, the calculation speed of ECU is quite fast, for example, the ignition timing can be corrected hundreds of times per second, so its control accuracy can be quite high.2. Input circuit of automobile ECU. The role of the input circuit is to send the signals (information) detected by the sensors in the system to the ECU through the I/O interface circuit interface, so as to fulfill the task of real-time detection of various operating conditions of the automobile engine in the process of operation. There are two types of signals to be detected and input: analog and digital. The signal input from the sensor first enters the input loop, where the input signal is pre-processed to remove spurious waves, convert the sine wave to a rectangular square wave, and then converted to the input level. The function of the input circuit 3.The working process of automotive ECU. ECU is the nerve center of the engine electronic control system. With the rapid development of automotive electronics technology, ECU products are constantly updated, and now all automobiles use digital ECUs.ECUs are mainly composed of CPUs, memories, I/O interfaces and information transmission buses. According to the need, ECU can be a variety of sensors issued by the signal in advance with the memory program (ECU processing order) and data compiled and stored in memory. When in use, the corresponding program can be initiated through the sensor to realize automatic control. The automotive ECU system requires only a certain amount of semiconductor memory to meet the storage requirements, without the need for external memory. In the ECU control system, in order to collect and detect a variety of parameters, the use of many detection elements (such as sensors)