What are the important forms of drama produced in Song and Yuan Dynasties?

The Song and Yuan Dynasties are the mature period of China's operas, which have gone through the long years of Song Zaju, Song Yuannan Opera and Yuan Zaju.

1, Song Zaju.

Song Zaju is a drama that inherits the tradition of joining the army in Tang Dynasty, absorbs the skills of performing and singing, and further integrates them.

Zaju in Song Dynasty has strong popularity and militancy, and it appears in the form of burlesque. In view of the social contradictions at that time, they were exposed to the fullest and criticized sharply. It satirizes the unreasonable phenomenon of feudal dynasty rule and the corruption and incompetence of officials, and reflects the hardships of people's lives.

Song zaju can be divided into burlesque and musical.

2. Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Everyone invaded Jin Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty moved south. Zhiliang Zaju was divided into Yanjing-centered North Opera and Lin 'an-centered South Opera. Southern Opera is based on the folk operas sung by the folk songs in the alleys of Zhejiang and CoCo Lee, and absorbs the storytelling forms and folk rap skills of the northern Song Zaju, with the story as the center, also known as "operas". During this period, four southern dramas appeared: The Story of Chai Jing, The Moon Pavilion, The White Rabbit and Killing Dogs. Among them, Moon Pavilion is called the highest achievement of Southern Opera, and later generations commented that it is a flower that never fades in China classical operas.

The formation of Southern Opera not only established the unique artistic form of China's drama, but also combined various means of expression (such as Daqu, Zhugongdiao, song and dance, burlesque and other elements, and was influenced by Song Zaju, Pinghua, rap art and puppet show in terms of performance structure and characterization), creating the unique performance principle and mode of China's drama stage art.

3. Yuan Zaju.

After the Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty, the dramas between the North and the South exchanged on a large scale, forming Yuan Zaju.

The representative plays of Yuan Zaju are: Dou Eyuan, Wangjiang Pavilion, Single Knife Meeting and Jade Mirror Terrace by Guan Hanqing; Wang Shifu's The West Chamber; Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn in Han Palace; Ji's orphan Zhao; Junbao Shi's Hu Qiu's wife); Kang's Li Kui jy is a shame.

The formation of Yuan Zaju made China opera mature.