Analysis of historical summary report; The reasons for China's long-term failure in modern history and the conflict with China's traditional culture.

China was once one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. There were many far-reaching scientific works in ancient China, including many scientists, exquisite craftsmanship that amazed modern people, and "four great inventions" that made great contributions to world civilization. China's ancient science and technology has always been in the forefront of the world, but why did modern science and technology come from Europe instead of China? Why did science and technology in China rapidly change from advanced to backward after the end of Ming Dynasty? The author believes that there are many reasons, which are the result of comprehensive factors such as politics, economy, cultural concepts and values.

1. Politically, feudal autocracy hindered the continued development of science and technology.

The development of science and technology at all times, at home and abroad, must rely on the support of state power and correct science and technology policies. China's feudal autocratic system has always implemented the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce", which was based on agriculture and restricted the development of commodity economy, which greatly hindered the germination of capitalism and the development of science and technology in modern China. However, all western European countries actively or passively followed the historical trend, vigorously pursued mercantilist policies and encouraged industrial and commercial development, which not only increased wealth, but also greatly promoted the development of capitalism and the progress of science and technology. The "closed door" policy in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties played a self-defense role to a certain extent, but it also seriously hindered the exchange of advanced science and technology between the East and the West, stifled the growth of advanced scientific ideas, and made advanced science and technology shrink day by day due to insufficient metabolism.

Second, economically, decadent relations of production have seriously hindered the development of science and technology.

For a long time, the dominant economic form of China feudal society was natural economy. This kind of economic form based on the small-scale peasant economy is satisfied with the temporary favorable weather, self-sufficiency and contentment with the status quo, rarely changes the traditional pioneering spirit and creative spirit, and has no urgent demand for the progress of science and technology, thus making the development of science and technology lose the most fundamental motivation and can only stumble on the track of decadent feudal system.

Third, in terms of culture and education, Confucian culture and feudal enslavement education hindered the development of science and technology.

China's feudal education emphasized politics and ethics, but ignored natural science. Feudal education serves the feudal ruling class, is a kind of enslavement education, and despises skills. "Eight-part essay selection", an official selection system with Confucianism as the main theme, trains and selects bookworms and minions who read only sage books and know nothing outside the window, rather than scientific talents. In this atmosphere, it is impossible to produce scientists who have the courage to create new theories and doctrines, and the development of science and technology will lose its cultural foundation.

The Confucian cultural atmosphere in ideology and culture also restricts the development of science. The development of western science often has a good cultural atmosphere. For example, the Renaissance produced modern natural science, and the Reformation and Enlightenment increased rationality and scientific consciousness, which greatly enhanced this good atmosphere for promoting the development of science and technology. Several scientific and technological revolutions are even more brilliant in the history of science and technology. China is a country with a strong feudal autocratic ideology and culture. Confucian cultural atmosphere hangs over everything and dominates everything. The idealism of Neo-Confucianism makes people give up their scientific minds, and the arbitrariness of Confucian classics is like a curse, which causes people's unscientific mentality and forms a huge historical inertia that hinders the development of science.

Fourthly, social value orientation and traditional values against utilitarianism restrict the development of modern science and technology in China.

The scientific community generally believes that utilitarianism is a necessary social condition for the emergence and development of modern science and technology. China's utilitarian thought is manifested in the pursuit of wealth and social status, so scholars are keen on humanities and political system. Westerners pursue personal development, personal interests and related material and spiritual values through their own efforts, so they are keen on production technology and science. This kind of China's anti-utilitarianism thought and the western utilitarianism thought reflect the great difference between the eastern and western values, affect the individual and social value orientation of their respective countries and the formulation of national policies, and directly or indirectly restrict the development and growth of natural scientists. China's traditional values and social environment formed a closed adaptive system, which stifled China's science and technology.