Advantages and disadvantages of municipal waste classification at home and abroad

Each of us throws a lot of rubbish every day. Do you know where all this rubbish has gone? They are usually sent to landfills and then to landfills.

The cost of landfill is high, and the cost of treating one ton of garbage is about RMB from 200 yuan to 300 yuan. People consume a lot of resources, mass production and consumption, resulting in a lot of waste.

Can't we do something about the garbage? In fact, there is a way, and this is garbage sorting. Garbage classification is to put garbage into the source, and make it become a resource again through sorting, cleaning and recycling.

Judging from the classification methods of municipal solid waste at home and abroad, it is generally classified according to the composition and output of garbage, combined with the resource utilization and treatment methods of local garbage. For example, Germany is generally divided into paper, glass, metal, plastic and so on. Australia is generally divided into compostable garbage, recyclable garbage and non-recyclable garbage; Japan is generally divided into combustible garbage, nonflammable garbage, and so on.

At present, domestic garbage in China can be roughly divided into four categories: recyclable garbage, kitchen garbage, harmful waste and other garbage. At present, the commonly used garbage disposal methods mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and composting.

Garbage classification in China

1996 65438+February 15, residents in Dacheng Lane, Xicheng District, Beijing began to sort garbage with the help of the NGO Global Village. The original sorting bucket was purchased by members of the family Committee with the year-end bonus saved. The sorted garbage shall be removed by the vendors and enterprises contacted by the Family Committee. Day after day, year after year, the residents never stopped.

As a small kindling of folk garbage sorting, the actions of residents in Mahayana Lane aroused the enthusiasm of many citizens. Since 1997, some universities, primary and secondary schools and some retired people in Beijing have tried garbage sorting one after another. With the help of China Youth Daily's intimate sister and a female doctor who returned from studying in Germany, the children of "Hand in Hand Global Village" also started a school with the recovered money.

The behavior of citizens and children has attracted the attention of relevant government departments. Xuanwu District Environmental Sanitation Bureau took the lead in starting the pilot work of waste sorting and recycling system in Xuanwu District in the autumn of 1997. Xuanwu District Civilization Office actively cooperates with the streets and the non-governmental organization Global Village.

1On April 23rd, 999, the Gong Jian Li Nan community in Baizhifang, Xuanwu District was as lively as a festival, and the first garbage sorting and recycling system in China was officially launched. From this day on, residents will change the way of garbage mixing and divide it into three categories: organic, inorganic and waste soil. The government sanitation department will change the way of mixed transportation and classify it for cleaning, sorting and recycling. It means that the old tradition that has been lost for many years here has finally been picked up.

In this battle between man and garbage, people turned garbage from enemies into friends. Someone once compared garbage to a misplaced resource. Let's take a look at the renewable resources sorting station in Xuanwu District. What kind of use will garbage have once it returns to its proper place?

Coke bottles, plastic bags and disposable plastic lunch boxes that we throw away every day belong to polymer organic matter. If buried underground, it will not rot for 200 years even if 100 years. It will also harden the soil, reduce soil fertility, and even make the soil lose its farming ability. In our life, we often throw away all kinds of waste plastics. Waste plastics can also be made into buttons, pen containers and other supplies after treatment. Waste plastics are also good raw materials for oil refining. Some people have vividly compared them to "secondary oil fields". 1 ton of waste plastics can recover at least 600 kilograms of gasoline and diesel.

In the recycling station, we saw all kinds of waste paper sent here, including these humble little pieces of paper ... We know that good paper is made of wood. One ton of waste paper can be recycled into 700 kilograms of good paper, which can cut down less 17 trees and reduce water pollution in pulp production.

However, because the recycling rate of waste paper in China is still very low, only about 20%, we import a lot of waste paper every year. In 1996 alone, we imported 6.5438+0.37 million tons of waste paper. You may still remember the sensational "foreign garbage" incident in the 1980s, in which a ship of foreign garbage was mixed in under the banner of imported waste paper.

The foreign garbage was driven away, but it left a reflection. Why do you want to import waste paper from other countries as raw materials for papermaking? Why not recycle waste paper to the maximum extent, but let them be buried or burned in the garbage dump? The forest resources in China are only 1/4 of the world average, and the rivers and lakes in China have been seriously polluted by early sewage discharge. If everyone throws away half a kilogram of waste paper every week, then Beijing alone will throw away more than 6,000 tons of waste paper every week.

China has a historical tradition of recycling waste products. In the past, recycling waste products may only be a last resort because of the economic downturn. In today's increasingly affluent society, recycling waste paper is our conscious awareness and action to protect the environment. Because we clearly know that we recycle not only pieces of waste paper, but also forests and rivers where our children and grandchildren can live.

Garbage is garbage only when it is mixed together. Once sorted and recycled, they are all treasures. Even the used batteries called mini killers can turn waste into treasure. In this humble photo studio, we saw such a waste battery recycling box. Batteries used in our life usually contain toxic heavy metals, such as mercury or cadmium. If these heavy metals are left underground, they can easily enter the groundwater through the leaching of rainwater.

This kind of pollution is difficult to eliminate. The biological half-life is about 30 years, which means that you can only excrete half of it in 30 years. So this is particularly harmful to people. Waste batteries contain a variety of useful metal minerals, and their recycling value is very high.

It is precisely because of the serious harm and special recycling value of waste batteries that many countries prohibit them from being mixed with garbage. Japanese communities have this kind of yellow bucket, which separates button cell from others.

Since 1997, some citizens and students in Beijing have begun to voluntarily put in and collect waste batteries. Young volunteers from Renmin University also helped a chain store in Beijing set up a recycling bin for used batteries.

As a positive response to the citizens' movement, Beijing Environmental Sanitation Bureau set up a special collection point for used batteries to collect and treat them harmlessly.

Do you know what biological waste is? Biological waste is kitchen waste, such as leftover lettuce, eggshell skin, cabbage leaves and so on. What can these seemingly insignificant wastes do? In fact, they can be used to make high-quality organic fertilizers. Like this big nano-dream biological waste processor in Huaibai community, biological waste can be dried and crushed to make efficient organic fertilizer. Residents can use it to grow flowers and grass.

Compared with fertilizer food, vegetables grown with them are safe and healthy, and are quite popular in supermarkets. Biological waste usually accounts for 40% of the total waste. If all of them can be turned into organic fertilizers, it can not only save land for landfill, but also save vehicles and energy for transporting them and prevent them from breeding mosquitoes, flies and bacteria. Experts discussed and suggested that the government should install bio-waste processors in all communities and set up workshops to deal with bio-waste in newly-built communities.