How to explain the basic morality of being a man in ancient times, loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and honesty?

Loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, honesty and shame refer to loyalty to the country, filial piety to parents, kindness and justice, observing morality, being honest and not greedy, and knowing shame.

1, loyalty and filial piety means loyalty to the monarch and filial piety to parents. From "The Book of the Eastern Han Dynasty: Biography of Liu Mu, King of Beihai": "Your Majesty is loyal, filial and kind, and respects the virtuous." Your majesty is loyal, filial and kind, respects talents and likes to make friends with literati. )

Benevolence and righteousness can be summed up in one sentence: when you see others in trouble, you can reach out and help them. When you are blessed, you can eat alone without tearing down the bridge. From Book of Rites Quli: "Virtue, benevolence and righteousness are indecent." Morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be realized without behavior that meets the standard of etiquette. )

3. Courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame is an idiom. The ancients believed that propriety should determine dignity, righteousness should be the criterion of action, honesty should be upright, and shame should be felt. Refers to social moral standards and codes of conduct.

Extended data

1, changing filial piety into loyalty, completed the process of politicization of Confucian ethics, and established a bridge of communication between domestic * * * and "country". In addition, "loyalty and filial piety" shows that the degree of filial piety at home has also become a measure of loyalty to the country, and the connection between individuals and "the country" is always materialized.

2. Renyi is an important ethical category of Confucianism. The original meaning is kindness and justice. During the Warring States Period, Monk emphasized that Dong Zhongshu, a Confucian scholar in Han Dynasty, inherited his theory and regarded "benevolence and righteousness" as the highest principle of traditional morality. After the Song Dynasty, "benevolence and righteousness" became another name of traditional morality because of the explanation and admiration of Neo-Confucianism. It is often called benevolence, righteousness and virtue together with morality, and the five permanent members together with "courtesy, wisdom and faith".

3. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong of Qi called propriety, righteousness, honesty and shame the "four dimensions" of the country. He believes that "courtesy" means not exceeding the due degree, that is, thoughts and behaviors cannot exceed moral norms; "Righteousness" means that you don't recommend yourself, even if your thoughts and actions conform to moral standards; "Honesty" means not hiding your shortcomings and mistakes, that is, being honest and not greedy; "Shame" means not being with dishonest people, that is, knowing shame. He believes that "courtesy, justice, honesty and shame" are more important than laws, and regards them as the four pillars to support the national building.

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