Snooker Basics

Snooker means "obstacle, obstacle", so snooker billiards is sometimes called obstacle billiards. This sport uses a table length of about 3569 mm, width 1778 mm, the table surface corners and two long sides of the center of the position of a hole, the use of the ball is divided into 1 white ball, 15 red balls and 6 colored balls (yellow, green, coffee, blue, pink, black) **** 22 balls. The hitting order is a red ball, a colored ball, until the red ball all fall into the bag, and then to yellow, green, coffee, blue, pink, black order one by one hitting, and finally to score a high winner. Snooker is prevalent in Commonwealth countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia and India, as well as Hong Kong, and is now growing rapidly in China.

Terms related to snooker:

Cue ball: The mother ball, white in color. The only ball in play that can be hit directly with the cue stick and used to score points by hitting other balls into the pocket.

Object ball: All balls other than the main ball are object balls, including red and colored balls. The object ball cannot be hit directly with the cue ball, but must be hit with the cue ball.

Color ball (Colour): target ball **** 6, namely the red ball (1 point), yellow ball (2 points), green ball (3 points), brown ball (4 points), blue ball (5 points), pink ball (6 points), black ball (7 points).

Live Ball (Ball on): a ball that can be legally hit into a pocket with the main ball.

Pocket (Pot): hitting a ball into a pocket.

Crossbar: The entry of the main ball into the pocket, also known as a crossbar.

Frame: The period from the start of the game until all the balls have been hit, or until the required number of runs have been scored, or until the required time limit has been reached is called a frame.

Field (Game): agreed or specified a number of innings for a ball, the official game a ball is usually five games of three or seven games of four, or nine games of five. However, the final of the World Championships is a long battle of thirty-five games to eighteen.

Match: An agreed or stipulated number of games played as a single match.

Break: A stroke is scored by the player who hits the ball from the time it is scored until it is stopped by a miss or foul, so that consecutive strokes are scored as a single stroke.

Century: a shot that scores 100 points or more in a row. A century is officially recorded in an official tournament.

Maximum: The maximum score for a shot without a foul by the opponent is a perfect 147.

Clearance: A shot that pockets all the balls left on the table.

Free ball: A ball designated by the hitting team as the target of a live ball in the event of a snooker after a foul.

Miss: When a player fails to hit a live ball first and is judged by the referee to have failed to hit the ball as hard as possible. The opponent may request that the ball be returned to the condition it was in before the stroke was struck.

Baulk area: The area bounded by the tee line and its semicircle.

Cannon: The contact of the lead ball with two target balls during a stroke.

(Kick): A slight sticking of the main ball to the target ball, usually due to dirt on this ball or caused by static electricity.

Kiss: A slight contact between two balls.

Pack: A situation in which the red ball is in its initial position, or when the remaining red balls are still roughly in their initial positions late in a game.

Plant: A situation where the main ball hits one ball and then that ball pockets the others. A combination is not a foul only if both balls are red, or if the initial hit by the main ball was a free throw and the ball in the pocket was normally a live ball before the free throw was designated.

Push shot: It is a foul if the club head remains in contact with the main ball when it hits the target ball. However, if the ball is almost in contact with the target ball or if the ball makes very slight contact with the edge of the target ball, it is not considered a push shot.

Touching ball: A ball in contact with another ball is called a touching ball. The player must open up the ball without moving the ball against it, otherwise a putt is made. This is unless the player has declared that he/she is hitting it as a live ball.

Respotted black: A black ball that needs to be placed back on the table in a game when all the target balls have been pocketed and the scores are equal. At this time, as long as the black ball into the pocket or one side of the foul can determine the winner of the game.

Swerve: A shot that causes the main ball to spin so strongly that it suddenly swerves around an obstacle in its path. Often used to free a difficult snooker.

Masse: A stroke in which the cue ball is hit almost perpendicular to the table surface to give the main ball a strong spin.

Back spin: To make the ball spin backward by hitting it below the center of the center of the ball and colliding with the target. It is also known as the "pull shot", "pull shot" and "spin shot".

Top spin: The club strikes the center of the main ball, causing the main ball to continue to accelerate after colliding with the target ball. There are also terms such as center-high shot.

Roll through: hitting the main ball with a high club so that after collision with the target ball, the target ball moves forward and the main ball follows.

Safety: hitting the ball not to put it in the pocket but to deny the opponent a chance to score on the next shot.

Super Score: In snooker, a red ball is played before a color ball, so the theoretical maximum score for a red ball is 8 points (i.e. 1 point for scoring a red ball and 7 points for scoring a black ball). So the theoretical maximum score for how many red balls are left on the table is the number of red balls X 8, plus 27 points for all the color balls, and if that score is lower than the difference between you and your opponent, then you've been overscored by your opponent.

Live ball rule: play one red ball, play one color ball, after the red ball is played, hit the color balls in order from the low score until the table is cleared.

Foul: In case of a foul, the opponent may place the mother ball in the teeing area.

Rules:

Snooker is played by two or more people either individually or on separate sides. They may be summarized as follows:

1. During the match, the players hit the target ball using the same master ball. ***There are 21 target balls, of which: 15 red balls are worth one point each; yellow balls are worth two points; green balls are worth three points; coffee balls are worth four points; blue balls are worth five points; pink balls are worth six points; and black balls are worth seven points;

2. Athletes' standard batting order: the red balls and colored balls are dropped into the bag alternately until all red balls are off the table, and then in order of the colored balls' scores in descending order, and then also until they are all off the table.

3. The score of each live ball pocketed within a stroke is recorded in the score record of the player who hit the ball;

4. The score of a player penalized for a foul should be added to the score record of the opponent;

5. The basic tactic of snooker is to try to leave the main ball in the place where your opponent does not have a live ball to hit. That is to say, make obstacles for your opponent. If a player trails his opponent by a lot of points, then making obstacles for your opponent to be penalized becomes a very important means of scoring points.

6. The winner of a set shall be the player or side who:

(1) Receives the highest number of points.

(2) The opponent of the set concedes a loss, or the opponent is penalized for "unconscious saves" and "misconduct".

7. The winner of a set shall be the player or side who:

(1) Wins all or all of the required sets in the set.

(2) Winning the most total points of the set with the corresponding cumulative points.

(3) The opponent was penalized for "improper conduct" in the set.

8. The winner of a game is the player or team that has won the most innings or earned the most total points in the game and the corresponding cumulative points.

9. Ball Placement:

(1) Before the start of the match, the main ball is the ball in hand, and the other target balls are placed as follows:

a) The 15 red balls are placed in an equilateral triangle next to each other in the red area; the red ball at the apex of the triangle is located at the center line of the table and is as close as possible to the pink ball, but must not be close to each other; the bottom line of the triangle is parallel to the top bank.

The yellow ball is placed on the right side of the D-zone, the green ball on the left side of the D-zone, the brown ball at the center of the tee line, the blue ball at the center set point, the pink ball at the apex of the triangle, and the black ball at the set point.

(2) At the start of a match, the ball may be wiped only by the umpire at the reasonable request of the batting side, and:

If the ball is not on the point of placement, its location shall be marked by a locator when the ball is picked up;

The locator used to mark the location of the ball to be wiped is treated as if it were that ball and is awarded a score for the ball until the ball is wiped and returned to its original position. and until it has been returned to its original position. If any player other than the player who struck the ball touches or disturbs the locator, he will be penalized as if he were the player who struck the ball and the order of play will not be affected. If necessary, the Umpire may also return the locator or the wiped ball to its original position as recognized by him, even if the ball has been picked up.

10. METHOD OF PLAY:

Before the start of the match, the participating parties shall determine the order of play by drawing lots or by mutual consent.

(1) Once the order of play has been determined, the batting order shall not be changed during each set. Unless, after a foul by one of the players, the other player asks him to continue batting.

(2) Each set in a match shall be played in turn by each of the competing parties.

(3) The first player shall tee off from the middle ball when the leather head of his club has touched the main ball or:

completed a stroke;

allowed the main ball to move one position;

(4) In order to make a good stroke there shall be no infringement of the penalties.

(5) The first stroke of each round is live with a red ball (or designated free ball) until all red balls have left the table. The points for each live ball pocketed within a stroke shall be credited to the scoring record. Each red ball and any free ball designated as a red ball that is pocketed in the same at-bat shall be entered in the scorebook.

(6) If a red ball or a free ball designated as a red ball is hit into the bag, the player may proceed to the next hit and the next live ball shall be a colored ball of the player's choice. If that color ball is knocked into the bag, a point may be scored. The colored ball is then returned to the set point.

(7) Before all the red balls leave the table, take turns alternating between hitting a red ball and a colored ball into the bag before a stroke continues. A stroke may continue until the last red ball on the table has been knocked down and a colored ball has been knocked into the pocket.

(8) After all the red balls have left the table, the colored balls on the table become live in order from smallest to largest points, and when the next colored ball is in the bag (except in special cases), it is left outside the table and is not taken out again. The hitter then hits the next colored ball.

(9) The red ball is no longer swung back onto the table after it has fallen into the pocket or gone out of bounds, even if the player has benefited from this by committing a foul, with some exceptions for special circumstances.

(10) If the hitting team does not score a point or commit a foul on a stroke, its turn is over. The opposing team starts batting from where the main ball stops. If the main ball goes out of bounds, the main ball becomes a ball in hand.

11. The end of a set, game or court:

(1) When there are only black balls left on the table, a black ball in the pocket or a foul will end the set unless both of the following occur:

The scores at this point are the same;

(in the case of cumulative scores) the scores at this point do not affect the final result of the game.

(2) When either of the above two scenarios occurs:

The black ball is placed on the set;

The players toss a coin to determine the batting order;

The player who has been awarded the right to tee off drives from the hand;

The ball is hit into the pocket or a foul is committed, resulting in the end of the set.

(3) If a match is decided by accumulating points to determine a set or a win, when the final score of the match is the same for all parties, the black ball shall be repositioned as described above.

12. Self-Manual Kick-Off:

A self-manual kick-off must be placed anywhere on or within the line of the teeing-off area (Zone D), and the main ball may be struck in either direction:

(1) If asked, the umpire shall state whether the main ball has been placed correctly;

(2) When a player is placing the main ball he/she is required to touch the main ball with a leather head to help with the positioning, and after the the umpire confirms that the fielder is not attempting to make a stroke, then the main ball is not an inning ball.

13. Double Strike:

No two balls may be struck at the same time on the first collision of the main ball, unless they are two red balls, or a live ball and a free ball.

14. Placement of Colored Balls: Any colored ball that has been pocketed or out of bounds shall be placed on the placement spot before the next hit is made.

(1) A player is not responsible for the failure of the referee to place a colored ball correctly.

(2) When the red balls have all been cleared from the table and a colored ball has been hit into the pocket in increasing order, if it has been incorrectly placed, as soon as the error has been detected, the ball shall be moved back from the table to the correct position without penalty and play shall continue.

(3) Once a stroke has been played on a ball or balls which have been misplaced, they are treated as if they had been correctly placed during subsequent strokes, and any ball which has left the table in an abnormal manner shall be re-set, and:

No penalty shall be assessed for any misplaced ball which is found to have been due to negligence in its original placement.

If a player strikes the ball before the referee has placed it incorrectly, he shall be penalized in accordance with the rules.

(4) When a colored ball is to be placed and its place is occupied, it shall be placed on the place where the ball can be placed for the highest score.

(5) When more than one colored ball is to be placed and their spots are occupied, the ball with the highest score shall be placed first.

(6) If all set-points are occupied, the ball shall be placed so that the area between the ball's set-point and the top bank is occupied, and the ball may be placed on the longitudinal centerline of the table nearest the ball's set-point.

(7) In all the above cases, when a colored ball is placed, it is not permissible for that ball to be attached to any other ball.

(8) To place a colored ball correctly, it must be placed by hand at the point of placement determined by these rules.

15. POSTING:

(1) If the home ball is attached to one or more live balls, or balls that may become live, the referee shall call for a posting of the ball, indicating which ball or balls the home ball is attached to.

(2) When a sticking is recognized, the batter must hit the home ball to move it away from the ball(s) to which it is sticking, but must not move the ball(s) to which it is sticking or cause it to stick.

(3) In the following situations, no penalty is assessed as long as the batter does not allow the target ball to move. That is:

The ball to which it is affixed is live;

The ball may become live and the umpire declares it to be live.

The ball may become live and the referee declares it to be live, and at the same time hits another ball that may become live.

(4) If the main ball stops and sticks, or nearly sticks, to a non-live ball, the umpire, when asked whether it is sticking or not, shall answer yes or no, in which case the fielder must hit the main ball without disturbing it, as previously described, to make it go away. However, a live ball must be hit first.

(5) When the main ball is attached to both a live ball and a non-live ball, the umpire need only point to the ball that is attached, and if the fielder must ask the umpire whether the main ball is also attached to a non-live ball, he has the right to be told.

(6) The umpire may not rule a foul if it is established by the umpire that any movement of the ball affixed at the moment of the stroke was not caused by the fielder.

(7) When a stationary target ball is not affixed to the main ball when observed by the umpire, but is later seen to come into contact with the main ball before a stroke is struck, the target ball shall be put back into position by the umpire in a position recognized by him.

16. POCKET BALL:

(1) If the ball falls into the pocket without being hit or touched by another ball on the pocket side and is not connected with any stroke in the lineout, the target ball shall be put back in its original position, and the points already gained shall be counted.

(2) If a pocketed ball is pocketed by the impact of any ball in a stroke.

without committing a foul, all balls shall be returned to their original position and the stroke shall be repeated or another stroke shall be taken at will by that same striker.

If a foul occurs, that batting player shall receive the prescribed penalty, all balls shall be put back in place, and the next player may proceed as he would normally choose after a foul.

(3) If a ball falls into the pocket after balancing briefly on the edge of the pocket, it shall be counted as a normal entry and need not be put back in place.

17. Main Ball Becomes Obstructed After Foul:

After a foul, if the main ball is caused to be obstructed, the referee shall declare that the opponent has been given a free ball.

(1) If the player in the following round chooses the next stroke, then:

He may designate any ball as a live ball.

Any ball so designated shall be treated as a live ball and shall receive the points for that live ball. Only after it has been knocked out of the bag shall it be returned to the set point.

(2) The home ball is a foul if it:

does not first hit the designated ball, or first hits both the designated ball and the live ball;

creates an obstacle for all red or live balls with the designated free ball, except when there are only pink or black balls left on the table.

(3) If a free ball is knocked down, it is to be removed and returned to the place where it was placed, and the points awarded for the live ball shall be entered in the record.

(4) If a live ball is knocked into the pocket after the main ball has first struck the designated ball, or after the designated ball and the live ball have first been struck at the same time, the score for the live ball shall be recorded and the live ball shall not be removed.

(5) If both the designated ball and the live ball are in the bag at the same time, only the score of the live ball is recorded, unless the designated ball is a red ball, in which case the score of each ball shall be recorded when it is hit in the bag. The free ball is then returned to the place where it was placed and the live ball is not removed.

(6) If the opposing team asks the offending team to continue hitting the ball, the declared free throw becomes invalid.

18. Foul:

When a violation of the rules occurs during a game, the referee shall immediately declare a foul.

19. PENALTY:

A player who commits a foul shall be penalized with four points, unless a higher point is indicated in paragraphs (1) to (4) below, in which case the penalty shall be:

(1) Penalty for a live score:

Hitting the ball with the club head touching the main ball more than once

Hitting the ball with both feet off the ground

Striking the ball out of the batting order

The main ball not placed in the D-zone on the tee shot

Empty club

Main ball in the pocket

Using a free kick to make an obstacle course

Hopping the ball

Using a substandard cue stick

(2) The following fouls shall be penalized with the highest number of points for the live ball in question:

Striking the ball without waiting for all the balls to come to a stop;

Hitting a ball without waiting for the referee to place the colored ball;

Putting a non-live ball in the pocket

The home ball striking the non-live ball first

Pushing a putt

Touching a ball in the middle of the inning, except when the club head touches the home ball in order to complete a stroke.

Hitting a ball out of bounds

Double-hitting, penalized at the highest point value of both balls (except two red balls or a free ball with a live ball)

(3) Seven points shall be awarded for the following:

Using a ball out of bounds for any purpose.

Use of any object for measuring spacing or distance

Hitting the red ball consecutively, or hitting the red ball followed by hitting the free ball consecutively;

Using any ball other than the white ball as the primary ball;

Failure to point out the target ball on the request of the referee

Hitting the red ball in the pocket and then committing a foul without having yet designated the colored ball.

20. Continuing to hit the ball:

Once a player has asked an opponent to continue to hit the ball, this decision cannot be changed. The player who is asked to continue hitting the ball will:

(1) Be able to change the stroke he is going to make from the live ball to be hit.

(2) Receive a point for the downed ball hit.

21. Empty Stick Foul (Unconscious Saving):

The hitter should make his best effort to hit the live ball, and if the referee believes that the player has failed to make his best effort, he will declare the player an empty stick foul. The referee will call a foul on the player if he feels that the player has failed to make his best effort, except when there is only a black ball left on the table or when there is a situation in which it is impossible to hit a live ball. In the latter case, it must be assumed that, in the judgment of the Referee, the player attempted to hit the live ball, and that if he had struck the main ball directly or indirectly in the direction of the live ball with sufficient force, the main ball would have reached the live ball but for the presence of these obstructing balls.

(1) When a foul has been declared on an empty club, the next player may then ask the offending party to strike the main ball again where it rests, or from its original position, at the discretion of the offending party. In the latter case, the live ball shall be the same live ball that was to be hit by the last stroke before that. I.e.

Any red ball is a live ball at that point.

After all the red balls have left the table, the colored ball is live.

The player's choice of a color ball if the ball is live after the red balls are in the bag.

(2) When there is a straight line between the main ball and any live ball or any part of the ball that may be a live ball, and the fielder fails to hit it, the referee shall declare a foul for an empty ball. Unless, in the opinion of the referee, the player is required to cause or has caused an obstruction before hitting a stroke and the referee believes that the empty stroke was not intentional.

(3) When, after the situation described in (2) has occurred and the empty shot has been declared, there is a straight pathway from the home ball to a live ball or possibly a live ball such that the two balls can collide along the entire body of the center (if the live ball is a red ball when not obstructed by a colored ball, the reference shall be to the entire diameter of any red ball), then:

A stroke from the same position shall be declared a foul, and if the first stroke to the live ball fails again, a foul shall be declared on the empty stick, regardless of the number of points difference.

If asked to repeat the stroke from the original position, the referee shall warn the offending party that a third failure will result in a set being awarded to the opposing team.

(4) After the main ball has been returned to its original position in accordance with this rule, there shall be a straight line from the main ball to any live ball or any part of a live ball which may be a live ball, when the player striking the ball commits a foul by striking any ball, including the main ball which is ready to be struck, and if the stroke has not yet been taken it may not be declared a blank, in which case some other appropriate sanction may be taken:

The next player may choose to strike the ball himself or to strike the ball himself, or may choose to strike the ball himself. The next player may choose to hit the ball himself, or he may ask the offending party to repeat the stroke from the stopping position

The next player may ask the referee to return all the balls to the position where they were before the foul, so that the offending party can hit them again from that position.

After successive declarations of a null stroke, if the above still occurs, any warning that the set may be awarded to the opposing team will remain in effect.

(5) All other blanks shall be declared in accordance with the judgment of the referee.

(6) After an empty stroke has occurred and the next player is asked to return the master ball to its original position, any disturbed target ball shall be retained in its present state unless the referee is satisfied that the offending player is about to benefit from it. In the latter case, any or all of the disturbed balls may be returned to their original position with the Referee's approval. In either case, however, the colored balls that have left the table in an irregular manner shall be placed on the set point or returned to their proper place.

(7) When any ball is returned to its original position after an empty stroke, either the offending party or the next player may be consulted as to the position of the ball, after which the Referee's decision shall be final.

(8) Whichever player touches any ball in the middle of the inning while an opinion is being sought shall be penalized as if he were the player who struck the ball. The original order of play remains unchanged. If necessary, the ball touched shall be returned by the umpire to a position recognized by him, even if the ball has been picked up by the umpire.

(9) The non-offending team has the right to ask whether the referee requires the home ball to be struck from its original position if the referee intends to put a ball other than the home ball back into its original position, and the referee shall give an indication of his intention.

22. BALL DISTURBED BY TOUCH:

If a ball which is at rest, or in motion, is disturbed by another player who is not batting, the referee shall either return the ball to its original position as he determines it to be; or allow it to continue in motion until it comes to a stop, without penalty.

This rule shall cover those cases in which the ball is forced to be moved by the fielder by some other accident or person, except in the case of the fielder's companion.

Players are not responsible for interference caused by the umpire.

23. STALEMATE:

If the umpire believes that there is or is about to be a stalemate in the game, he will immediately suggest that the game be restarted. If a player refuses, the referee shall allow the match to continue. This shall be subject to the condition that a change of position be declared necessary within a certain period of time, which shall normally be limited to three strokes on each side at the discretion of the referee, and if at the expiration of the declared period of time the position remains essentially unchanged, the referee shall cancel all the scores and reset all the balls as if a set had begun.

(1) The player who originally teed off shall still tee off.

(2) The original batting order remains.

24. Snooker 4-Person Doubles:

(1) In a 4-person doubles match, each side takes it in turn to open. The batting order should then be set before the match and remain the same.

(2) The order of play may be changed after each set.

(3) If a foul is committed and the fouler is called upon to continue batting, the fouler of the offending side shall continue batting. The original order of play remains the same even if the foul occurred outside the turn, thus depriving the offender's partner of a turn.

(4) Companions may consult each other during a set, but it is a foul if:

A player is hitting the ball or is already at the table ready to hit the ball.

The time for conferring from the first stroke until the end of the set.

25. USE OF ASSISTANCE EQUIPMENT:

The batsman shall be responsible for any assistive equipment placed in the dugout to move him:

(1) The batsman shall be responsible for all items including, but not limited to, the racking bars and extensions that are in the dugout from the time he gets them. Whether they belong to the batsman or are borrowed, he is responsible for them (except from the umpire) and will be penalized for any fouls committed when using them.

(2) The batsman is not responsible for unmanned fouls caused by the use of auxiliary equipment provided by the umpire. If such equipment proves faulty and this results in the batter touching a ball or balls, it is not considered a foul. If necessary, the umpire shall return the ball to its original position and shall allow play to continue without penalty while the batsman is in the act of hitting a shot.

26. Interpretation:

(1) All the regulations and terms of these rules are equally valid for women.

(2) Due to specific circumstances, it is necessary to make adjustments so that the rules can be applied to those who have practical difficulties, in particular, for example:

The penalty of "no feet off the ground" cannot be applied to an athlete in a wheelchair.

If an athlete is unable to distinguish between colors, e.g. red and green, he shall be informed of the color of the ball upon request to the referee.

In the absence of a referee, players between opposing sides, or both sides, shall be treated as if they were playing as described in this rule.

Players

1. Delay: if the referee considers that a player has taken longer than the time normally required to play with a stroke, or to choose a stroke, he shall warn the player that he is liable to be awarded a loss of the set to the opposing team.

2. Misconduct: A player who refuses to play a set or who, in the opinion of the referee, commits an intentional foul, a continuous foul, including continuing to delay play after being warned under Rule 1 above, and uncivilized conduct, shall be awarded a loss of the set. At the same time, the referee shall warn the player. If the player still does not correct himself, he shall be disqualified from the set.

3. Penalties:

(1) In accordance with the rules, if a penalty is assessed for a game, the offending team:

Loss of the game;

Loss of all points, and the non-offending team will be awarded the same number of points for the remaining balls on the table. That is, 8 points per red ball. And any colored ball that leaves the table in an irregular manner will be counted as if it were at the point of placement.

(2) In accordance with the rules, if a game is penalized, the offending team:

The game in progress as described in (1) is declared lost.

All other relevant sets required to complete the set, but not yet played, are penalized.

When calculating the cumulative score, each set in a set that has been by-passed as lost is counted as 147 points.

4. NON-BATTING PLAYERS: When a batsman is playing a match, the non-batsman shall avoid standing or moving in the batsman's line of sight. He shall sit or stand at a suitable distance away from the dugout.

5. ABSENCE: In the event of a batsman having to leave, the non-batsman may appoint an agent to monitor his companion and, if necessary, to raise the foul with the umpire, provided the umpire is made aware of it.

6. FORFEITS:

(1) A forfeit may be allowed when a player becomes the batter. However, the opposing team has the right to accept or reject the forfeit. If the opponent chooses to continue the game, the forfeit becomes void.

(2) When it is necessary to calculate the cumulative score and a set has been forfeited, the score of all the balls left on the table shall be added to the other team's scoring record. In this case, the red ball is counted as 8 points, and any colored ball that leaves the table in an irregular manner will be counted as if it had been placed on the table.