Dining and Seating Order: What are the manners in China and abroad?

As a tradition of Han nationality, ancient banquet etiquette has its own set of procedures: the host is invited to meet the guests temporarily outside the door. When the guests arrive, they greet each other, introduce them to the living room and provide refreshments. After the guests are seated, guide them to their seats, with the left side facing up, which is regarded as the chief. There are two seats relative to the first seat, three seats under the first seat and four seats under the second seat. When the guests are seated, the host toasts and dishes, and the guests thank each other with gifts. There is also a certain emphasis on serving wine at the dinner: respect the elders and guests first, and then the host. After the banquet, guide the guests to sit in the living room and serve tea until they say goodbye. This traditional banquet etiquette is still intact in most parts of China, such as Shandong, Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province, and it is reflected in many film and television works.

Influenced by the introduction of western food in Qing dynasty, some western etiquette was also introduced. Such as serving food, serving soup and serving wine, Chinese etiquette is also introduced because of reasonable and hygienic eating methods. The exchange of Chinese and western food culture makes the catering etiquette more scientific and reasonable.

Modern Chinese banquet etiquette is developed on the basis of continuing the tradition and drawing lessons from foreign etiquette. Its seating is based on the principle of the highest right in western banquets. The first guest sits on the host's right, and the second guest sits on the host's left or the first guest's right. The wine is served on the guest's right, first the guest of honor, then the host, first the female guest, then the male guest. Pour eight cents of wine, not too full. The order of serving is still traditional, cold first and then hot. Hot dishes should be placed on the left side of the seat opposite the guest of honor; Serve single dishes or side dishes, pre-dinner snacks, whole chicken, whole duck and whole fish and other plastic dishes, without head and tail facing the theme. These procedures can not only make the whole banquet process harmonious and orderly, but also reflect and communicate the identity and feelings of the host and guests. Therefore, the etiquette above the table can make the banquet activities complete and comprehensive, and make the cultivation of both the host and the guest fully displayed.

Chinese etiquette:

1. Seating mode. Please bring the guests to the table first. Please sit down next to the elderly guests in turn and enter from the left side of the chair when you sit down. Don't move chopsticks after you sit down. Don't make any noise. Don't get up and walk around. If you have anything to say hello to your host.

Second, when eating, invite guests first. Keep moving chopsticks. Eat less food every time. Eat less food far away from you. Don't make any noise when eating. Don't make any noise when you drink soup. Take a sip with a spoon. It is not advisable to drink a bowl to your mouth. Drink the soup when it is too hot or too cold. Don't drink while blowing. Some people like to chew food when eating, especially hard-chewed food.

Third: Don't burp and make other noises when eating. If there are involuntary noises such as sneezing and bowel sounds, say "I'm sorry". Sorry; Please let the original cool. To apologize.

Fourth; If you want to help guests or elders, you'd better use public chopsticks. You can also give them dishes that are far away from your guests or elders. According to Chinese custom, dishes are served one by one. If there are leaders, old people and guests at the same table, whenever a new dish is served, please ask them to move chopsticks first, or take turns asking them to move chopsticks first to show their attention.

Fifth: when eating fish heads, fishbones, bones, etc. Don't spit it out or throw it on the ground. Slowly take them to your plate by hand, or put them next to your dining table, or put them on paper prepared in advance.

Sixth, we should take time out to talk with people around us in time to reconcile the atmosphere. Don't eat naked, ignore others, don't wolf down a big meal, and don't drink too much.

Seventh: You'd better not pick your teeth at the dinner table. If you want to pick your teeth, cover your mouth with a napkin or hand.

Eighth: Make clear the main task of this meal. We should be clear about whether to focus on business, contact feelings or eat. If we are in the front, we should pay attention when arranging seats. We should put the main negotiators' seats close to each other, so as to facilitate conversation or channel emotions. If we fall behind, we just need to pay attention to common sense and etiquette and concentrate on appreciating dishes.

Ninth: When you finally leave the table, you must thank the host or invite him to your home in return.

Western etiquette

1, sit on the left side of the chair. The most suitable sitting position is sitting on the left. When the chair is opened, the body will stand up straight at a distance that almost touches the table. The leader pushes the chair in, and the legs bend and touch the chair behind, so you can sit down. When sitting, keep your body straight, don't put your elbows on the table, don't tilt your feet, and don't mess with the tableware on the table. Open the napkin after ordering. Fold the napkin in half and gently put it on your knee. Napkins can be used to wipe your mouth or hands, but not to wipe your plate or face. When your mouth is dirty, you must wipe it with a napkin and avoid using your own handkerchief. It's best not to stuff napkins into the neckline. It's polite to wipe the inside of food instead of soiling the front. Wipe your fingers with a napkin after washing them. If the napkin is badly dirty, please ask the waiter to change it. When you have to spit out bad food, don't spit it on the plate. It's best to throw up on a napkin and ask for a new tablecloth when others are not looking. Appetizers, main courses (fish or meat) and desserts are the most suitable combinations. Ordering doesn't start with appetizers, but with the favorite main course, and then the soup suitable for the main course.

2. When eating, the upper arm and back should lean on the back of the chair, and the abdomen should keep a fist distance from the table. Sitting with your feet crossed is best avoided. Remember to eat with your head up. When you put the food in front of you in your mouth, you should eat it with the food instead of bending down and eating it with your mouth. In the set meal of formal western food, knives and forks with different shapes are often used according to the characteristics of different cuisines, and not all of them are displayed at the beginning. When it comes to the whole set, it is easy to think of the silverware on the dining table, but now ordering 2-3 dishes is mostly mainstream. When eating with a knife and fork, the knife and fork and spoon are arranged in the order of use. The first one is placed on the outside farthest from the main course, and the second one is placed near the inside of the main course. If the main course is served before the salad, the fork of the main course should be placed on the outside of the salad fork, and the knife and fork should be taken from the outside to the inside. When eating western food, the fork should be held in the left hand and the knife in the right hand. The left index finger clings to the fork handle, and the right index finger presses on the back of the knife. The spoon can be held with a pen. When cutting things, hold the fork in your left hand to hold the food, cut the food into small pieces with a knife in your right hand, and send it to your mouth with a fork. When using a knife, the blade should not be outward. When eating, put down the knife and fork, and divide them into eight shapes. The blade is pointed at yourself, indicating that you will continue to eat. After eating each dish, put the knife and fork together on the plate. If you are talking, you can hold the knife and fork. When you don't use a knife, you can hold a fork in your right hand, but if you need to gesture, you should put down your knife and fork, never wave it in the air with your hands, never wipe your mouth with a napkin in one hand, and never hold a glass with a fork in the other. Remember, never put one end of the knife and fork on the plate and the other end on the table.

Don't sip soup, but shut up and chew when eating. Don't lick your lips or smack your lips. If the soup is overheated, don't eat it until it is slightly cold. Don't blow it with your mouth. When you drink soup, scoop it out with a spoon. When the soup in the soup plate is almost finished, tilt the outside of the soup plate slightly with your left hand and scoop it out with a spoon. After eating the soup, leave the spoon in the soup plate (bowl) and aim the spoon at yourself.

4. When eating fish, meat and other dishes with thorns or bones, don't spit them out directly. You can spit it gently on the fork with a napkin and put it on the plate. Leftover chicken, fish bones and dregs are placed on the outer edge of your plate, not on the table, let alone on the ground. If there is a small amount of food left on the plate, don't scrape the bottom of the plate with a fork, let alone help you eat with your fingers, but help you eat with a small piece of bread or fork. When eating noodles, roll them up with a fork and send them to your mouth.

5, bread is generally broken into small pieces and sent to the mouth, do not bite the whole piece of bread. When spreading butter and jam, break the bread into small pieces before spreading it.

6. When eating chicken, most Europeans and Americans regard chicken breast as the most expensive. When eating chicken legs, you should first remove the bones by force, not by hand. When eating fish, don't turn it over. After eating the upper layer, remove the fishbone with a knife and fork, and then eat the meat of the lower layer. When eating meat, cut a piece and eat a piece. Don't cut the pieces too big, or cut all the meat into pieces at once.

7. If you are willing to add milk or sugar when drinking coffee, stir it evenly with a small spoon and put the small spoon on the saucer of coffee. When drinking, hold the cup handle in your right hand, put the saucer in your left hand, and drink directly with your mouth, not with a spoon. Don't bite the whole fruit when eating it. Cut it into four pieces with a fruit knife, and then remove the skin and core with a knife and fork.

8. Eat meat with bones with a knife and fork. When eating meat with bones, you can grab it with your hands. If you want to eat more elegantly, you'd better use a knife. Fix the whole meat with a fork (you can stand the fork upright and press the meat with the back of the fork), then insert a knife along the bone and cut the meat. It is best to eat while cutting. When you have to eat with your hands, hand washing water will be attached. When hand washing water is served with meat with bones, it means "Please eat with your hands". After eating with your fingers, wash your fingers in a bowl filled with hand washing water. When eating ordinary dishes, if your fingers are dirty, you can also ask the waiter to bring hand washing water, and pay attention to washing your hands gently.

9. When ordering steak, the waiter will first ask about the degree of barbecue, and then serve it according to your favorite cooking method.

When eating, fork the meat from the left and then cut it along the right side of the fork with a knife. If the cut meat can't be eaten in one bite, you can directly cut it into smaller pieces with a knife, cut the meat into just one bite, and then send it directly to the population with a fork. You should eat from left to right. You should also eat all the side dishes. The vegetables placed next to the steak are not only for decoration, but also for balanced nutrition. Most people in China leave watercress behind. If they don't really like it, they'd better not leave.

10, have a bite of bread. It is polite for the chef to dip the bread in the sauce until there is no sauce left. Be careful not to lick the bread plate clean and don't use forked bread.

1 1. When you have to leave halfway, you'd better say hello to the people at the same table when serving, and put the napkin on the chair before leaving, so as not to disturb the whole dining procedure and atmosphere. After eating, just put the napkin on the dining table at will, and you don't have to fold it neatly.

12. The waiter will always pay attention to the needs of the guests. If you need service, you can look at him or raise your hand slightly, and the waiter will come right away. When you drop something, you'd better ask the waiter to pick it up for you. If you are satisfied with the service and want to tip, you can pay by debit card, that is, write down the total amount including tip on the bill and then sign it. Finally, don't forget to thank you verbally.