What are the general types of enterprise R & D mode

Enterprise R & D activity mode is generally divided into independent R & D, commissioned R & D, cooperative R & D, centralized R & D and a combination of the above methods. Specifically described as follows:

1. Independent R&D. It means that the enterprise mainly relies on its own resources, conducts R&D independently, and owns completely independent intellectual property rights in the main aspects of the R&D project.

2. Commissioned R&D. It refers to the entrusted unit or organization based on the enterprise entrusted the development of the project. The enterprise obtains the results of the commissioned unit or organization in the form of payment.

3. Cooperative research and development. Refers to the establishment of the enterprise through the form of contract with other enterprises *** with the same project in different areas of capital, technology, manpower, etc., *** with the completion of the R & D project.

4. Centralized R&D. Refers to the enterprise group according to the actual situation of production and operation and scientific and technological development, high technical requirements, large investment, a single enterprise is difficult to undertake independently, or R & D strength concentrated in the enterprise group, the enterprise group to coordinate the management of R & D projects for centralized development.

Different types of R&D activities have different requirements for R&D expenses to be pooled, and enterprises should pay attention to the distinction when enjoying the benefits of additional deduction.

Take a leading industrial fluid separation company as an example. The company's current R & D model can be divided into the following three different types:

1. Based on the company's popularity in the field of industrial fluid separation and good reputation, customers take the initiative to request the company to provide them with industrial fluid separation and wastewater treatment of the overall solution, the company's R & D department according to the customer's specific needs of the R & D project, and to carry out targeted research and development work.

2. Combined with the characteristics of the production process of existing customers, through the analysis of the components of the industrial waste liquid produced in the production process, take the initiative to research and development of waste extraction, purification and resource recycling of the overall solution. By taking the initiative to develop customer demand, the company can strive to obtain continuous purchase orders from old customers.

3. The company selects industries with large pollutant emissions, certain similarities in customer process technology, and the possibility of deep cultivation, combining the characteristics of the customer's production process and the value of reusable substances in industrial waste liquid, and takes the initiative in selecting the topic of the project, research and development of waste recycling technologies and processes, and then cooperates with the sales department in promoting and applying the technology solution to the industrial customers, after it is verified by the small test, pilot test and other experiments. We will cooperate with the sales department to promote the application to the industrial customers.

Based on the source of R&D projects, the company's current R&D mode can be divided into the following two types:

1. Passive R&D: Based on the small samples of wastewater provided by customers, the company analyzes the characteristics of the customers' production processes and components of wastewater, and carries out the targeted R&D of waste recycling, wastewater discharge and other technologies.

2. Active R&D: According to the production process and material characteristics of customers in specific industries, the company actively intervenes in the main production process of customers and carries out technological research and development with the core of upgrading and optimizing the traditional production process, so as to develop new and cleaner production processes with lower costs, less pollutants and more thorough reuse of materials. The company adheres to the concept of "gradient development" in R & D. By adopting the above modes of R & D, the company's technology research and development has gradually entered the virtuous cycle of "cultivating a batch, promoting a batch, and maturing a batch".