Enterprise capital management knowledge

Capital Management Knowledge

Executive Summary There is a hierarchy of enterprise knowledge management. The complete enterprise knowledge management is divided into enterprise knowledge management and enterprise knowledge resource management two levels, and by the enterprise knowledge management, enterprise knowledge resource management and enterprise knowledge capital management 3 **** the same composition, of which enterprise knowledge capital management is derived from the first two.

Abstract Topic Discussion

Keywords Knowledge Management / Knowledge Management / Knowledge Resource Management / Knowledge Capital Management / Knowledge Theory / Knowledge Resource / Knowledge Capital

At present, the theoretical community of the "knowledge economy fever" has just cooled down, "knowledge management fever" has begun to surge again. knowledge management fever" has begun to heat up sharply. Knowledge management has once again become a hot topic of discussion in the domestic theoretical circles at the turn of the century. Domestic library intelligence and information management academic circles for the introduction and discussion of knowledge management in 1999 and 2000 once reached a climax. Literature, with an overview of recent years, especially in the above two years in the library and intelligence community in the official professional journals published numerous papers on knowledge management research, knowledge management concepts, definitions, content, the source of the idea, nature, goals, characteristics, functions, as well as the implementation, application and other issues were summarized, summarized and related comments. To a large extent, this has sorted out the current people's knowledge of knowledge management is more diverse, fuzzy and confusing. Unfortunately, however, all these studies have downplayed and ignored a very important issue, that is, the existence of hierarchical problems in knowledge management. This paper will be based on the above research to enterprise knowledge management as the object, in-depth discussion of the hierarchy of knowledge management, in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding and grasp of the purpose of knowledge management. In the author's view, enterprise knowledge management has a micro-level and macro-level, composed of the following three parts.

1 enterprise knowledge management micro-level: enterprise knowledge management

Enterprise knowledge management can also be called pure knowledge management, in this level of enterprise knowledge management is mainly by the economic community, business management theory in the research, so it has a strong color of business management, of course, to a certain extent, also involves the intelligence, it refers to the enterprise in the knowledge itself or "pure knowledge". Knowledge itself or "pure knowledge" of the creation, absorption, acquisition, processing, storage, retrieval, dissemination, **** enjoyment, transfer, innovation and application of management. According to the size of the scope of knowledge managed, the level of enterprise knowledge management has a narrow and broad sense. Narrowly speaking, this level of enterprise knowledge management refers to the management of enterprise tacit knowledge (uncoded knowledge). For a long time, people have been confined to the scope of knowledge in the explicit knowledge (coded knowledge), the knowledge is equivalent to explicit knowledge, but ignored the implicit knowledge or knowledge of this side. Enterprise Knowledge Management (EKM) can be said to have emerged in response to this shortcoming. Enterprise knowledge management is proposed, although it does not erase the management of explicit knowledge of the enterprise, but also emphasizes the existence of explicit knowledge management in the form of what we often say "knowledge processing" side, but in contrast, its rise in the current situation is to highlight the importance of the management of tacit knowledge of the enterprise. Because in the traditional Western enterprise management theory, from Taylor to Simon referred to the knowledge is generally explicit knowledge, such as the father of scientific management Taylor pointed out that in the application of knowledge in the work, productivity to 3.5 to 4 percentage points per year rate of growth, Taylor referred to here to quantify the existence of data in the form of knowledge that is the enterprise's explicit knowledge, does not in any way relate to the enterprise's tacit knowledge. In fact, tacit knowledge is much more important than explicit knowledge. If explicit knowledge is the surface of the "tip of the iceberg", then the tacit knowledge is hidden below the surface of the main part of the iceberg, although they are more than the tip of the ice - explicit knowledge is difficult to find, but is the most important source of social wealth. An important point of view of the concept and theory of enterprise knowledge management is to emphasize that tacit knowledge is more perfect than explicit knowledge, and more capable of creating value; the excavation and utilization of tacit knowledge contained in the enterprise will become the key to winning the competitive advantage of the enterprise.

Relative to the narrow understanding, the broad level of enterprise knowledge management in the enterprise both points to the explicit knowledge, but also points to the enterprise in the tacit knowledge, which emphasizes the enterprise in the whole knowledge of the management itself. To be more specific, it includes: ① socialization management of enterprise knowledge - from tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge; ② externalization management of enterprise knowledge - from tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge; ③ internalization management of enterprise knowledge - from explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge. -from explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge; ④ integration management of corporate knowledge-from explicit knowledge to explicit knowledge. We can use Table 1 to summarize these four modes of knowledge transformation as follows.

Table 1: 4 Knowledge Transformation Modes of Enterprise Knowledge Management

Attachment

The above 4 aspects of enterprise knowledge management*** together constitute knowledge creation, acquisition (knowledge production) and knowledge flow (knowledge exchange) in the enterprise, which is aimed at achieving the enjoyment of enterprise knowledge***, and the ultimate goal is to achieve enterprise knowledge innovation.

The implementation of knowledge innovation is to rely on and utilize the knowledge owned by the enterprise to obtain continuous creativity, so that the enterprise in the non-linear market competition environment has a competitive advantage. The process of knowledge innovation is actually also a process of knowledge exchange and knowledge **** enjoyment. As mentioned above, enterprise knowledge itself, which is manifested in the four forms of socialization, externalization, internalization and integration - the mutual transformation between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge constitutes the knowledge exchange of the enterprise. Knowledge **** enjoyment is immediately following the knowledge exchange of this level of enterprise knowledge management is another important link, it is also the direct purpose of knowledge exchange. Knowledge ****sharing refers to the employee's personal explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge through a variety of communication methods, such as telephone, verbal conversation, network, etc. by other members of the organization **** with the sharing, so as to transform into organizational knowledge wealth. In short, knowledge *** enjoyment is to realize the transformation of knowledge from personal knowledge to organizational knowledge wealth. This transformation requires that knowledge *** enjoyment is not only the accumulation of knowledge, but also the processing of knowledge, and even the primary incubation of knowledge innovation. Knowledge processing is extremely important in the whole knowledge *** enjoyment, and the core content of knowledge processing is knowledge organization and the whole sequence. Construct knowledge base, knowledge warehouse, draw knowledge map and knowledge course map is the enterprise knowledge organization and knowledge of the whole order of the four kinds of extremely important specific implementation form, but also on the enterprise knowledge itself for the management of a powerful tool. Sometimes in order to emphasize this point, the knowledge organization (knowledge of the whole order) is also separate from the knowledge **** enjoy side by side, and is regarded as this level of enterprise knowledge management is another important link. This approach of dividing the whole operation process into four parallel stages of knowledge exchange, knowledge organization and sequencing, knowledge ****sharing and knowledge innovation, and highlighting the importance and purpose of knowledge ****sharing and knowledge innovation on this basis, has become one of the major distinctive features of KM at this level of the enterprise. The research on knowledge **** enjoyment and the research on knowledge absorption (production and acquisition of knowledge) and knowledge transfer which are closely related to it are also regarded as important aspects of modern economics and management science concern: the frontier field of enterprise theory research - "the shift of the center of gravity of enterprise knowledge theory research ".

2 Macro level of enterprise knowledge management: enterprise knowledge resource management

This level of enterprise knowledge management research has a strong flavor of information management science. Some researchers believe that knowledge management is actually knowledge resource management, and knowledge resource management (KRM) is the inevitable trend of the development of information resource management (IRM), so knowledge management can be seen as the forward extension of information resource management, development and sublimation. There are also researchers who believe that knowledge management is a development stage of information management, which is the deepening and latest development of information management in the current. In short, in the field of academic theory is mainly the library and intelligence community, information management community from this perspective of knowledge management research. Let's review the internationally renowned information management scientists, American scholars Marchand (D-A, Marchand) and Horton (F-W, Horton) as early as in the mid-1980s put forward in the information management is divided into five phases of the classic theoretical point of view. That is, the first stage: the period of physical control of information (the late 19th century - the end of the 1950s), this period can also be called the period of document management; the second stage: the period of automated technology management (the 1960s - the mid-1970s), the period represented by MIS information systems and the widespread use of information technology , characterized by the increasing role of information specialists; Phase III: Information Resource Management (mid-1970s-1980s); Phase IV: Business Competitive Analysis and Intelligence (1980s); Phase V: Knowledge Management (1990s-present). It can be seen that knowledge management in the history of a very early as a stage of information management, it is with the development of management

practice and the need to gradually incubate from the information management independent of the formation of a completely new field of management. The perspective of knowledge management that will be analyzed here in the enterprise knowledge resource management at this level of knowledge management.

The current authoritative understanding of information resources: there are two understandings of information resources. One is a narrow understanding, that is, only refers to the information content itself. The other is a broad understanding, referring to the information content itself, but also includes its closely linked information equipment, information personnel, information systems, information networks and so on. According to this way of thinking, knowledge resources are also divided into narrow and broad sense, the narrow sense of knowledge resources is only the knowledge itself, the broad sense of knowledge resources include not only the knowledge itself, but also a variety of resources related to knowledge. We know that the management of knowledge itself, although it also involves the intelligence science, such as knowledge organization, knowledge storage and retrieval, which also has a direct link with information management, but it is more involved in the management of industrial and commercial enterprises, so it should belong to the category of business management, economic management, and the management of the knowledge itself is still at the micro level of management, which we have already done in the previous discussion. The enterprise knowledge resource management mentioned here refers to the management of all kinds of resources related to knowledge in the enterprise from the perspective of information management, and it is the all-round and whole-process management involving knowledge itself, knowledge organizations (institutions), knowledge facilities, knowledge activities, knowledge personnel, knowledge systems, knowledge networks, etc. It is the management of knowledge resources in a broad sense from the perspective of information management, and it involves the construction of the national innovation system, and it is the management of knowledge in a macro level. It involves the construction of national innovation system and is the management at the macro level relative to the management of knowledge itself. Here, it is regarded as another research level of enterprise knowledge management which is different from the management of enterprise knowledge itself, in which the domestic library intelligence and information management circles have carried out in-depth and active exploration and achieved a number of fruitful research results. Domestic information resource management researchers, Professor Ma Feicheng and his two doctoral students co-authored the national "Ninth Five-Year Plan" key textbook "Information Resource Management", the information resource management is located in the information resource management on the basis of the basic significance of the management of this chapter in the form of a special section from the enterprise information resource management point of view to explore knowledge management. The inevitable product of the increasingly obvious defects. There are also researchers discuss more directly, based on the enterprise micro-level clearly put forward the knowledge management is a resource management; knowledge management is based on knowledge resources, enterprise knowledge resources by people, networks and knowledge of the three-part composition; knowledge management is the starting point of the knowledge resource allocation and *** enjoy; knowledge management is the core of the development and utilization of knowledge resources; knowledge management is based on resource-based knowledge management system carriers. The carrier of knowledge management is a resource-based knowledge management system.

The research content of enterprise knowledge management at this level is very rich, and some researchers further divide knowledge resource management into intellectual property management, scientific research management, documentation and information management, knowledge system management, network knowledge resource management and so on. Specifically, enterprise intellectual property management is from the point of view of property rights to manage knowledge resources in the enterprise; enterprise scientific research management refers to the use of scientometrics and other tools for scientific research and development (R&D) management in the enterprise; enterprise literature information management refers to the management of various knowledge records in the enterprise, through the establishment of literature databases, literature search and services, to achieve the literature information * * * enjoyment; enterprise knowledge system management involves the management of various knowledge records in the enterprise, through the establishment of literature databases, literature search and services, to achieve the literature information * * * * enjoy; enterprise knowledge system management involves the establishment and improvement of the thesaurus and knowledge base, the establishment of knowledge intelligence system and knowledge evaluation system, support for the development of corporate organizational memory, scientific and technological research and innovation, etc.; network knowledge resource management is the study of network databases, domain name management, search engines, metadata, evaluation of network resource collections, security of network knowledge resources, etc.. The in-depth development of the above branches of research will greatly enrich and promote the enterprise knowledge resource management at this level of enterprise knowledge management research.

3 enterprise knowledge itself management and knowledge resource management derivation: enterprise intellectual capital management

Intellectual capital (intellectualcapital) is sometimes called intellectual capital, it is an important concept of enterprise knowledge management. Before the `mention' of knowledge management formally appeared, intellectual capital management (intellectualcapital management) has been widely used in the western theoretical circles, which is represented by the method introduced by the Swedish Scandinavian insurance company, which is to define intellectual capital (intellectual capital) as the difference between the book value of an enterprise (company) and the market value, which is an intangible asset that can not be reflected on the books of the enterprise. Once intellectual capital is put forward, its concept has gone through a process of gradual clarification, in accordance with the prevailing international mainstream view: intellectual capital mainly includes two parts, namely human capital and structural capital, or 3 parts, namely human capital, structural capital and customer capital. Therefore, it can be considered that enterprise intellectual capital is to take the whole knowledge resources in the enterprise, including the knowledge itself, as the object of commercial trading and capitalize them, so as to become the most valuable assets in the enterprise. Enterprise intellectual capital is able to directly create wealth for the enterprise in any form of existence of all the "living" knowledge, the skills and knowledge of the enterprise staff, customer loyalty, the enterprise's organizational culture, system and operation of the collective knowledge contained in the intellectual capital are embodied. The concept of enterprise intellectual capital emphasizes a potential ability to create value by applying knowledge in the enterprise, and the ability to aggregate knowledge carriers rather than knowledge, whether it is knowledge itself or the whole knowledge resource. Intellectual capital is actually the commercialization, valorization and assetization of knowledge itself and knowledge resources, emphasizing the value-added and wealth creation of knowledge. Here we can use Figure 2 to show the intrinsic connection between knowledge itself, knowledge resources and intellectual capital, and the shaded part of the figure is intellectual capital.

Knowledge itself, knowledge resources and intellectual capital relationship

Through the above analysis of intellectual capital, it is not difficult to find that the enterprise intellectual capital management is through the asset and capital operation of this bridge by the management of enterprise knowledge itself and the management of enterprise knowledge resources derived from it, it is very close to the relationship between the two, they are 3 **** with the same composition of a complete real The meaning of enterprise knowledge management. The view that "enterprise knowledge management is the management of intellectual capital within the enterprise" is obviously one-sided and narrow, and can even be said to be wrong. The complete sense of enterprise knowledge management includes not only the management of enterprise knowledge itself on the micro level, but also the management of enterprise knowledge resources on the macro level, and also includes the management of enterprise knowledge capital which originates from the previous two. Enterprise intellectual capital management to value creation and value-added as the goal, through the identification of intellectual capital, access and effective use to improve the value of the company's ability to add value and create wealth, which on the one hand, encompasses all of the enterprise can be used to create wealth in the "live" part of the knowledge, on the other hand will be in the management of the enterprise knowledge and the implementation of the enterprise knowledge resource management process "live". On the other hand, it activates the "dead" part of knowledge in the process of enterprise knowledge management and enterprise knowledge resource management implementation, and makes it become the "living" knowledge that can create wealth and realize value-addedness. Because intellectual capital management plays such a vital role in the whole knowledge management, so from this point of view, we can also think that "the core of enterprise knowledge management lies in the operation of enterprise intellectual capital", which is the operation of enterprise intellectual capital that is said to be from the dynamic point of view of enterprise intellectual capital management.

At present, the theoretical world is from the perspective of economic management, business management to study the enterprise intellectual capital management. The static sense of enterprise intellectual capital management involves four aspects: ① the management of assets that make the enterprise products have market competitiveness, such as enterprise R&D management and enterprise technology innovation ability management, etc.; ② the management of assets from the employees of the enterprise, such as knowledge, experience and skills management of the enterprise staff, etc.; ③ the management of assets embodied in the wealth of the brain, such as the management of intellectual property rights of the enterprise; (iv) Management of assets that make the enterprise cohesive, such as the management of corporate culture, management programs, management, etc. As for the management of enterprise intellectual capital in the dynamic sense, we usually refer to it as enterprise intellectual capital operation. Enterprise intellectual capital operation refers to a series of processes such as creation, collection, development, organization, configuration, dissemination, utilization and evaluation of intellectual capital to realize the maximum value preservation and appreciation of enterprise intellectual capital to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. The effective implementation of enterprise intellectual capital operation requires a series of safeguard measures: to strengthen organizational learning in the enterprise; to strengthen human resource management; to set up a new enterprise management concepts of "people-oriented", "energy-oriented" and "knowledge-oriented". To establish "people-oriented", "energy-oriented", "knowledge-oriented" new enterprise management ideas and concepts; to develop such as "knowledge alliance", "virtual enterprise" and other new enterprise production and management organization model; to strive to create a good environment for the survival and development of virtual organizations or virtual enterprises; to promote the development of virtual organizations in the enterprise, and to promote the development of virtual enterprises in the enterprise. To promote the CKO system in the enterprise; to establish a knowledge incentive mechanism in the enterprise, etc.

Ref.

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