What is the history of China's oil paintings?

China's oil painting is developed on the basis of introducing European oil painting techniques. Nanjing Liangjiang Excellent Normal School, founded in 1902, was the first to set up the Western Painting Institute and hired foreign teachers to teach oil painting. During the same period, the Qing government also sent overseas students to study oil painting. From 65438 to 0887, Li Tiefu studied in Britain and America and studied under the Impressionist painter. From 65438 to 0904, Li Shutong and others studied oil painting in Japan. In addition, there are painters who study in Europe at their own expense. In the late 1920s, overseas students returned to China one after another, actively engaged in oil painting creation and education, and set up various painting and art clubs with them as the main body, published picture albums and introduced western oil paintings. In this way, oil painting was introduced directly from Europe to China, and indirectly from Japan to China, becoming a new kind of painting in China. Overseas students study in different art colleges or with painters of different styles, which makes China's early oil paintings look different. Due to the lack of social atmosphere of oil painting art and the limitation of materials after the painter returned to China, China's early oil paintings were not as mellow and expressive as western oil paintings. Some works use oil painting materials to express the content and modeling characteristics of China's traditional paintings, and the pictures often appear dry and sluggish, which is difficult to preserve for a long time. In the 1920s and 40s, Beiping Art College, Central University Art Department, Hangzhou Art College, Shanghai Guan Shu College, Suzhou Art College and Wuchang Art College trained a number of oil painting talents. Liu Haisu, Lin Fengmian and Xu Beihong are oil painting artists who have great influence on the education field, and their works represent a higher level at that time. Many painters, represented by Xu Beihong, insist on taking the real life content as the theme, depicting specific plots, and paying attention to rigorous body shaping and realistic colors. The themes of their works are closely related to the social and historical background at that time, forming a strong social and educational significance. Some painters, such as Lin Fengmian and Liu Haisu, pay attention to absorbing the styles of various schools after European Impressionism, and express their subjective feelings about the scenery mainly through rich colors and free brushwork. The pictures have a strong sense of artistic form, and most of them are smooth and relaxed. In the 1940s, some oil painters who returned from studying abroad went deep into Dunhuang Grottoes and other places to study the ancient art of China, and drew works that absorbed the modeling and color characteristics of traditional Chinese painting. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's oil paintings gained popularity. In the late 1950s, oil painting teaching and creation were influenced by new foreign influences, and the Russian-Soviet oil painting model was mainly adopted. In the basic work, the characteristics of oil painting techniques are: paying attention to depicting the effect of an object under a main light source, and taking the transition of light and shade, that is, the sketch relationship, as the leading factor of modeling. Color represents the hue formed between an object and an image due to the influence of environmental colors. Generally, multi-layer painting is used to keep the transparency of the dark part and the overlap of the bright color layers, and the brush strokes are wider and more obvious, forming a decent turning point and texture of objects and images. China's oil paintings mainly follow the artistic principle of reflecting real social life. On the basis of observing life, he collected creative materials through sketching, formed a clear artistic conception, embodied the artistic theme by creating a certain instantaneous state of life scenes, and emphasized the plot and literariness of the content. Generally, the picture has a realistic focus perspective, which highlights the main body with light and shade and modeling, and the tendency of tone forms the artistic conception of the picture and sets off the theme. Many works based on real life and modern historical facts reflect the universal social consciousness in 1950s and the first half of 1960s, and the oil painting techniques are becoming increasingly rich, which has become a vibrant painting form in China. At the end of 1960s, China's oil paintings fell into conceptualization from a narrow artistic road, showing a single content. Many works became illustrations of political slogans at that time, almost completely losing the characteristics of oil painting. After 1979, China oil painting gradually developed normally, which changed the situation of absorbing a single oil painting model in the past and absorbed various styles and schools from classical to modern in the West. Artists pay more attention to the aesthetic function of oil painting art, and pay attention to the diversification and individualization of the formal language of oil painting, thus forming the initial prosperity of China oil painting. Among them, the outstanding oil painting style is to absorb the techniques of French classical oil painting, pay attention to rigorous and artistic summary modeling, and the delicate color changes and multi-level colors constitute a harmonious tone, which makes the works elegant and fresh. Some use American photographic realism for reference, and describe objects with extremely fine brushstrokes and rational structures. Their works are based on real life and often show an indifferent mood. More painters pursue artistic emotional expression and use oil painting materials flexibly to create works of art full of individuality. The rich expressive force of oil painting is becoming more and more obvious in the development, and it is an important artistic language to communicate human emotions in the world.