Which ancient Chinese military ideas are more famous?

Ancient Chinese military thought is a valuable part of our traditional Chinese culture. Among the stars of ancient military theorists, the brightest one is Sun Wu, who is regarded as "the master of the hundred military schools" and "the originator of Oriental military science".

Sun Wu (ca. 545 BC - ca. 470 BC), the word Changqing, the end of the Spring and Autumn period of Qi State Le'an (now northern Shandong Province) people? . During the Spring and Autumn Period of China, he was a famous militarist and statesman, and was honored as the Sage of War or Sun Zi (Sun Wu Zi), also known as the "Sage of War".

Sun Tzu's life is quite legendary. He was born into a hereditary aristocratic family that was well versed in military affairs, and at a young age he wrote the Art of War (a genius that occurs once in a thousand years) without having fought a single battle. Wu Zhixu recommended him to the King of Wu seven times. The king of Wu tried him to train his court ladies. Sun Tzu used the Art of War to govern his army, and he was so strict on criminal discipline that he killed two of the king's favorite concubines who did not obey his orders on the battlefield. Although this made the king of Wu unable to eat or sleep, he was able to train the weak and difficult-to-manage courtesans into a tiger and wolf army that could go into the fire, which made the king of Wu see his talent. So the king of Wu rehired Sun Wu as a general.

In 506 B.C. (the 14th year of King Jing of Zhou), the war between Wu and Chu began. Sun Wu commanded the army of Wu to 30,000 divisions, thousands of miles of raids, deep into the big country, five battles and five victories, and attacked the capital of Chu, almost overthrowing the state of Chu, creating a miracle of winning with few in the history of Chinese military history, and making outstanding achievements for Wu. Afterwards, he won the battle against Qi and Jin, which made Wu replace Jin as the dominant state.

Sun Tzu's life in his later years is a matter of opinion. One theory is that he retired after accomplishing his mission and went into hiding, not knowing where he ended up (I hope this is the case). His life has become an ancient mystery in history.

1. The period of sprouting and molding (Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou)

From the 21st century B.C. to the 8th century B.C., China successively established three slave dynasties: Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou. This is the whole historical stage from the establishment, development to the heyday of China's slave society, but also the initial formation of China's ancient military thought period. There are a large number of records about military activities in the oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty and the gold texts of the Shang and Zhou periods.

The Western Zhou period has appeared "military records", "military policy" and other military works, although long lost, but this is the formation of China's ancient military thinking important symbol. Due to the limitations of the understanding of the objective laws of war, war is greatly influenced by superstition, the state often to divination, observation of the stars and so on to determine the war action, resulting in the concept of fate as the central content of the guiding ideology of the war; the army's governance to the "rites" and "punishment" as the basis for the "rites" and "punishment", the "rites" and "punishment" as the basis for the military. The management of the army was based on "rites" and "punishments". "Rites" were mainly applied to the upper nobles and officers, emphasizing on the hierarchy and the order of the upper and lower ranks, while the management of the lower ranks and soldiers mainly relied on the harsh criminal law.

2. Mature and Prosperous Period (Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period)

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, from the beginning of the 8th century B.C. to the end of the 3rd century B.C., was the transitional period from slavery to feudalism in China. It was a historical stage of great political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological development in ancient China, as well as a period of great military development in ancient times. The deepening of class conflicts made wars continuous, the scale of wars expanded, and wars were frequent and varied.

Many militarists representing the emerging landowning class and writings of military books kept emerging, which comprehensively laid the foundation of China's ancient military thought in terms of the theory of war, the theory of military governance, the theory of military use and the methodology of studying war, marking the basic maturity of China's ancient military thought.

The earliest and most influential book in existence is "The Art of War" written by Sun Wu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, which is the foundation of the military theory of the emerging landowning class and marks the maturity of the military thought of the feudal class, and has become the model of the military books of the later generations. Other influential military books include "Wu Zi", "Sima Law", "Sun Bin's Art of War", "Yuliao Zi", "Six Towers" and so on.

3. Period of Enrichment and Improvement (Qin to Five Dynasties)

The period from the beginning of the 3rd century BC to the middle of the 10th century AD was the rising stage of the development of the Chinese feudal society. During this period, it mainly experienced several major dynasties such as Qin, Han, Jin, Sui and Tang. Among them, the Han and Tang dynasties were the heydays of Chinese feudal society, and military thought was further enriched and developed. After Qin entered the era of iron weapons, cavalry became the main protagonist of the war force, the boat division of the navy to participate in the war also more, which requires the combat command must strengthen the infantry, cavalry, the navy with the combat.

From the Han Dynasty to Sui Dynasty, there were many times such as the Battle of Red Cliffs, the Battle of Measuring Water and other such large-scale, multi-army large groups of coordinated combat, in these wars, the combination of political and military struggle, the use of strategy and decision-making, as well as the art of combat command have reached a fairly high level.

The development of the war made the use of strategy and tactics and the art of command have been highly developed, strategic thinking is also maturing, Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Pair" became a representative of strategic decision-making at that time. Many military books summarizing the experience of military struggles appeared in this period, among which the Three Strategies of Huangshi Gong appeared in the early Han Dynasty and the later Li Wei Gong Asked for the Right is an important work that has been handed down to the world.

4. Systematic Perfection Period (Song to Pre-Qing)

In the period from 960 to 1840 A.D., after four dynasties, namely Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing (the Pre-Qing period), the feudal society of China had entered the late stage. Firearms gradually came into common use, bringing war into the era of using both cold and hot weapons. From the beginning of the Song Dynasty, which was faced with the expansion of national contradictions, the intensification of class contradictions and the intensification of internal contradictions within the ruling class, the rulers, in order to maintain their rule, established the orthodox status of the book of military affairs in the society, and martial arts began to be incorporated into the national education system.

The mid-North Song Dynasty began to emphasize the martial arts, the opening of the martial arts school, the establishment of the martial arts examination, the development of military education. The ruler in order to teach the civil servants and military generals familiar with the military, ordered Zeng Gongliang and other compilation of the "General Summary of martial arts," summarizing the ancient and modern military law and the dynasty's strategy, and promulgated the "Sun Zi" "Wu Zi" "Sima Law" "Six Towers" "Yuliao Zi" "Three Strategies" and "Li Weigong asked for the right to" for the "seven books of the martial arts," the official as a martial arts teaching materials. The establishment of the martial arts examination, the establishment of the martial arts school and the promulgation of the martial arts scriptures cultivated a large number of military talents and prospered the military science. This period is the ancient Chinese military thought after a long period of enrichment and development, on the systematization of the period, become China's ancient military books the largest number of a period.

The main performance is the number of military books, complete categories; military book generalization, self-contained system. According to the "Chinese military book catalog" statistics, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing (excluding modern) military book total **** 1815, accounting for more than 3/4 of the total number of China's ancient military book, and rich in content, generalizing the various aspects of the military thinking, the formation of a more complete system of strong logic.

Sun Tzu's The Art of War - The Art of Strategy and Attack: "Where the law of war, the whole country for the first, broken country second; the whole army for the first, broken army second; the whole brigade for the first, broken brigade second; all the pawns for the first, broken pawns second; the whole Wu for the first, broken Wu second. Therefore, a hundred victories in a hundred battles is not the good of the good; to yield without fighting is the good of the good."

The Chinese people have been good at war since ancient times, but not good at war. This kind of "yielding troops without fighting" is the highest state of Sun Tzu's idea of total victory. It is also the highest state of our country's successive generations of militarists, military thinking relentlessly pursued.